• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

For the study of possibility of practical use as an organic farm materials of the mixtures with lignite and amino acid solution, this experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the mixtures on the growth and the yield of rice plant, chinese cabbage, and red pepper, and the effects of the mixtures on chemical properties of soil. Also, when the mixtures of the lignite plus amino acid solution and the chemical fertilizer were applied to these three crop cultivation area, authors want to know how can the loss in quantity of chemical fertilizer affects the growth and the yield of these crops. As the results, growth of rice plant applied with the mixtures of lignite and amino acid solution was better than that applied with the recommended rate of chemical fertilizer. Especially, the growth of rice plant appeared to be good at the treatment of 150 kg/ha of the mixed lignite with amino acid solution and at that of its mixtures and standard fertilization. Growth of chinese cabbage and red pepper was good at the application of 600 kg/ha of the mixed lignite with amino acid solution and at that of its mixtures and standard fertilization. Yield of rice and chinese cabbage was good at the treatment of 150 kg/ha of the mixed lignite with amino acid solution and at that of its mixtures and standard fertilization, and yield of red pepper was good at the application of 600 kg/ha of the mixed lignite with amino acid solution and at that of its mixtures and standard fertilization. The organic matter content increased and while the exchangeable cation decreased when the lignite mixed with amino acid solution and the loss in quantity of chemical fertilizer applied at paddy field. Incase of these treatments, pH and available phosphorus increase at upland field, but did not change at paddy field.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.120-129
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• 2000

This study was designed to study on major components of various Bee Venom(Bee Venom by electrical stimulation in Korea; K-BV I, Bee Venom by Microwave stimulation in Korea; K-BV II, 0.5mg/ml, Fu Yu Pharmaceutical Factory, China; C-BV, 1mg/ml, Monmouth Pain Institute, Inc., U.S.A.; A-BV) using HPLC(High performance liquid chromatography). The results were summarized as follows : 1. HPLC method is useful for analysis of Bee Venom when solution rate is above 1:4000. 2. Analysis of Apamin using HPLC, the Retention time was 8.7min, and standard measurement curve was a function of y=4E+06x+21245. 3. Analysis of Melittin using HPLC, the Retention time was 29.0 min, and standard measurement curve was a function of y=4E+06x+23015. 4. Concentration of Melittin was about 297times than Apamin in K-BV I, and about 329times in K-BV II at same 1:500 solution rate, abnormally about 12 times in C-BV at 1:4000 solution rate. 5. Chinese Bee Venom using HPLC, the point from 5 to 7min(Retention time) showed a big extraordinary peak. These data from the study can be applied to establish the standard measurement of Bee Venom and prevent pure bee venom from mixing of another components. I think it is desirable to study more about safety of Bee Venom as time goes by.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2000

In general, acid rain is unbuffered solution with low ionic strength and high resistance. Therefore during the pH measurement of acid rain, error can be occurred due to the liquid junction potential difference between the sample and the standard solution. Actually the average conductivity of rain in Taeduk Science Town during 1998 is 12.8 ${\mu}S/cm$, while that of pH standmd solutions is about 5,980 ${\mu}S/cm$. There is a large difference in ionic strength. To compensate the bias due to residual liquid junction potentials, a quality control standard(QCS) of dilute sulfuric acid, which has the conductivity and pH values simikw to rain, was prepared. The pH of QCS solution was determined using the hydrogen electrode system without liquid junction, and compensation has been made for the bias terms by performing the pH measurements with glass electrode. On the basis of this compensation method, the pH vaiues of rain in Taeduk Science Town during 1998 were measured.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.117-126
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• 2003

GA(genetic algorithm) has a powerful searching ability and is comparatively easy to use and to apply as well. By that reason, GA is in the spotlight these days as an optimization skill for mechanical systems.$^1$However, GA has a low efficiency caused by a huge amount of repetitive computation and an inefficiency that GA meanders near the optimum. It also can be shown a phenomenon such as genetic drifting which converges to a wrong solution.$^{8}$ These defects are the reasons why GA is not widdy applied to real world problems. However, the low efficiency problem and the meandering problem of GA can be overcomed by introducing parallel computation$^{7}$ and gray code$^4$, respectively. Standard GA(SGA)$^{9}$ works fine on small to medium scale problems. However, SGA done not work well for large-scale problems. Large-scale problems with more than 500-bit of sere's have never been tested and published in papers. In the result of using the SGA, the powerful searching ability of SGA doesn't have no effect on optimizing the problem that has 96 design valuables and 1536 bits of gene's length. So it converges to a solution which is not considered as a global optimum. Therefore, this study proposes ExpGA(experience GA) which is a new genetic algorithm made by applying a new probability parameter called by the experience value. Furthermore, this study finds the solution throughout the whole field searching, with applying ExpGA which is a optimization technique for the structure having genetic drifting by the standard GA and not making a optimization close to the best fitted value. In addition to them, this study also makes a research about the possibility of GA as a optimization technique of large-scale design variable problems.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.185-200
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• 2014

The objective of the present simulations is to evaluate the applicability of the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model in engineering practice in the subcritical to supercritical flow regimes. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of flow around a circular cylinder at $Re=1{\times}10^5$, $5{\times}10^5$ and $1{\times}10^6$, had been performed using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) equations with the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. Solution verification had been studied by evaluating grid and time step size convergence. For each Reynolds number, several meshes with different grid and time step size resolutions were chosen to calculate the hydrodynamic quantities such as the time-averaged drag coefficient, root-mean square value of lift coefficient, Strouhal number, the coefficient of pressure on the downstream point of the cylinder, the separation angle. By comparing the values of these quantities of adjacent grid or time step size resolutions, convergence study has been performed. Solution validation is obtained by comparing the converged results with published numerical and experimental data. The deviations of the values of present simulated quantities from those corresponding experimental data become smaller as Reynolds numbers increases from $1{\times}10^5$ to $1{\times}10^6$. This may show that the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model with enhanced wall treatment appears to be applicable for higher Reynolds number turbulence flow.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2000

Arthrobacter sp. A-6 was cultivated and DFA III(di-fructofuranose dianhydride) was produced with inulin fructotransferase from the chicory root. The specific growth rate, yield of cell mass and yield of enzyme from the culture in variable chicory root extracts were studied and the results compared. Standard inulin solution(10%) was treated with the crude enzyme solution of inulin fructotransferase from the cell culture, 1.14mg/ml of DFA III was produced. The enzyme reactions were processed with various preparations of chicory root extracts in the same conditions. The highest yield of DFA III production(2.29 mg/ml) was obtained from the chicory roots without washing or extraction. The yield of DFA III from the washed chicory roots without extraction was at lowest(0.44 mg/ml). The production process of inulin fructotransferase and DFA III from the chicory root without prewashing or extraction steps were more efficient.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.518-524
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• 2011

A high assurance IP encryption (HAIPE) compliant protocol accelerator is proposed for military networks consisting of red (or classified) networks and black (or unclassified) networks. The boundary between red and black sides is assumed to be protected via a HAIPE device. However, the IP layer encryption introduces challenges for bandwidth on demand satellite communication. The problems experienced by transmission control protocol (TCP) over satellites are well understood: While standard modems (on the black side) employ TCP performance enhancing proxy (PEP) which has been shown to work well, the HAIPE encryption of TCP headers renders the onboard modem's PEP ineffective. This is attributed to the fact that under the bandwidth-on-demand environment, PEP must use traditional TCP mechanisms such as slow start to probe for the available bandwidth of the link (which eliminates the usefulness of the PEP). Most implementations recommend disabling the PEP when a HAIPE device is used. In this paper, we propose a novel solution, namely broadband HAIPE-embeddable satellite communications terminal (BHeST), which utilizes dynamic network performance enhancement algorithms for high latency bandwidth-on-demand satellite links protected by HAIPE. By moving the PEP into the red network and exploiting the explicit congestion notification bypass mechanism allowed by the latest HAIPE standard, we have been able to regain PEP's desired network enhancement that was lost due to HAIPE encryption (even though the idea of deploying PEP at the modem side is not new). Our BHeST solution employs direct video broadcast-return channel service (DVB-RCS), an open standard as a means of providing bandwidth-on-demand satellite links. Another issue we address is the estimation of current satellite bandwidth allocated to a remote terminal which is not available in DVBRCS. Simulation results show that the improvement of our solution over FIX PEP is significant and could reach up to 100%. The improvement over the original TCP is even more (up to 500% for certain configurations).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.646-654
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• 2020

Objectives: Users of parks or children's play facilities have pointed to pets' bowel movements as the most serious problem when using them. In prior studies, a very low detection rate of parasites (eggs) in sand flooring materials has been found. Even though feces have been identified, no parasites (eggs) have been detected. Method: A standard solution of nitrate nitrogen was used to verify the reliability of a new nitrogen analysis method. The linearity, precision, and accuracy of the nitrate nitrogen analysis method were verified. Using this method, the pollution distribution of the sand flooring material and the degree of pollution at each point were investigated. Results: As a result of the verification of the nitrogen analysis method, the linearity was found to be good at r2=0.999 when distilled water is mixed in a standard substance solution. The standard substance additive solution r2=0.968 was found to be good. Precision represented 0.01 to 0.06% RSD for peak height. The recovery rate was 92.4 to 104.0 percent, indicating high accuracy. According to the same method of analysis, the flooring material sand at a general amusement facility with the largest number of concealed spaces was nitrate nitrogen 6.1 times higher than at the entrance of the playground. Also, in a comparison between clean sand and sandy flooring, the average nitrogen concentration of the sand flooring material was 24.4-167 times higher than pure sand. Conclusions: As such, no parasites (eggs) were detected at all points under investigation, but the sand flooring was exposed to animal fecal contamination. Therefore, the management of nitrogenous components should allow accurate identification of animal fecal contamination so that the timing of sand replacement can be managed hygienically and safely.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2009

The thermochromism of fluoran has been examined. The DCF exists as a colorless lactone in aprotic solvents. However, the DCF exists in the form of an equilibrium mixture of a colored zwitter-ion and a colorless lactone in protic solvents. When an acid is added to the solution, the DCF exists an equilibrium mixture as a colorless lactone and a colored cation even in aprotic solvents. In order to understand the interaction between the DCF and the solvent, absorption spectra of the DCF in various solvents were measured. The thermodynamic parameters of the DCF have also been investigated. From the variation of absorbance with temperature, the standard enthalpy changes ${\Delta}H^0$ of the equilibrium between the lactone and the zwitter-ion in various solvents have been determined. The standard enthalpy change ${\Delta}H^0$ is approximately -2.0 kJ/mol in protic solvents. In acidic solution, the standard enthalpy change is measured to be to zero in protic solvents within the experimental error. When the carboxylic group is protonated in acidic solution, a poor interaction between the dye and the solvent is expected.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.43-50
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aims to suggest preliminary standard procedure for face lift and correction of nasolabial folds using thread-embedding (Maeseon) of Korean medicine(KM). Methods : Three KM practitioners of facial correction and rejuvenation who have over hundred case of practice participated in establishment of standard procedure. Standard procedure contains preprocessing, main procedure for correction, and solution of side effects. Results : Standard procedure is comprised of twelve processes with preprocessing and postprocessing. Preprocessing has position, disinfection, and anesthesia. Main process consists of overall structure correction, face lifting, nasolabial folds correction, and mesh making on cheek. Postprocess covers disinfection, edema prevention. Conclusions : To our knowledge, this is the first work to suggest standard procedure of facial rejuvenation using Maeseon. It would contribute to standardized practice in clinical fields and future study of revealing Maeseon's effectiveness.