• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.233-236
• /
• 2004

Total impurity analysis of a primary standard solution is one of the essential procedures to determine an accurate concentration of the standard solution by the gravimetry. Bi impurity is determined in Pb standard solutions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The direct nebulization of the Pb standard solution produces a significant amount of the Pb matrix-induced molecular ions which give rise to a serious spectral interference to the Bi determination. In order to avoid the spectral interference from the interferent $^{208}PbH^+$, the hydride generation method is employed for the matrix separation. The Bi hydride vapor is generated by reaction of the sample solution with 1% sodium borohydride solution. The vapor is then directed by argon carrier gas into the ICP after separation from the mixture solution in a liquid-gas separator made of a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane tube. The presence of 1000 ${\mu}$g/mL Pb matrix caused reduction of the bismuthine generation efficiency by about 40%. The standard addition method is used to overcome the chemical interference from the Pb matrix. Optimum conditions are investigated for the hydride-generation ICPMS. The detection limit of this method is 0.5 pg/mL for the sample solutions containing 1000 ${\mu}$g/mL Pb matrix.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate the uncertainty in the analysis of menthol content from the mentholated cigarette. Menthol in the sample cigarette was extracted with methanol containing an anethole as an internal standard, and then analyzed by gas chromatography. As the sources of uncertainty associated with the analysis of menthol, were the following points tested, such as the weighing of sample, the preparation of extracting solution, the pipetting of extracting solution into the sample, the preparation of standard solution, the precision of GC injections for standard & sample solution, the GC response factor of standard solution, the reproducibility of menthol analysis, and the determination of water content in tobacco, etc. For calculating the uncertainties, type A of uncertainty was evaluated by the statistical analysis of a series of observation, and type B by the information based on supplier's catalogue and/or certificated of calibration. Sources of uncertainty were subsequently included and mathematically combined with the uncertainty arising from the assessment of accuracy to provide the overall uncertainty. It was shown that the main source of uncertainty came from the errors in the reproducibility of menthol and water determination, the purity of menthol reference material in the preparation of standard solution, and the precision of GC injections for sample solution. The errors in sample weighing and volume measurement contributed relatively little to the overall uncertainty. The expanded uncertainty in the mentholated cigarettes, Korean and American brand, at 0.95 level of statistical confidence was $\pm$0.06 and $\pm$0.07 mg/g for a menthol content of 1.89 and 2.32 mg/g, respectively.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the uncertainty in the analysis of total alkaloids and reducing sugar content in flue-cured tobacco. The sources of uncertainty associated with the analysis of total alkaloids and reducing sugar were the weighing of sample, the preparation of extracting solution, the addition of extracting solution into the sample, the preparation of standard solution, the precision of calibration curve for standard solution, the reproducibility of analysis, and the determination of water content in tobacco, etc. For the calculating uncertainties, Type A of uncertainty was evaluated by the statistical analysis of a series of observation, and Type B by the information based on supplier’s catalogue and/or certificated of calibration. It was shown that the main source of uncertainty was caused by the calibration curve of standard solution, the reproducibility of analysis, the volume measurement of 1$m\ell$, and the purity of nicotine reference material in the preparation of standard solution. The uncertainty in the addition of extracting solution, the sample weighing, the volume measurement of 100$m\ell$, and the determination of water content of tobacco contributed relatively little to the overall uncertainty. The expanded uncertainty of total alkaloids and reducing sugar in flue-cured tobacco at 95% level of confidence was $\pm$0.12% and $\pm$0.54%, respectively.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.107-123
• /
• 2006

The objectives of this study is to develop a strategy for the adoption of BPM(Business Process Management) standards and an implementation guideline of the BPM standard for BPM solution developers focusing on BPEL(Business Process Execution Language) which is regarded as the most important BPM standard. In the heterogeneous and distributed IT environments, every type of enterprise software requires standards to enhance interoperability. BPMS(Business Process Management System), which is a type of enterprise software requires BPM standards such as BPEL(Business Process Execution Language), BPMN(Business Process Modeling and Notation), BPQL(Business Process Query Language) and so on to achieve multi-system interoperability and component interoperability with their BPM solutions. It is quite helpful to provide the adoption strategy concerning BPM standards for each type of BPM solution vendors who need the BPM standards. Since the BPEL is conceived as the most important BPM standard and widely adopted by many BPM vendors, we have proposed a reference architecture for BPEL implementation and also developed the detail implementation guideline of core components of the BPM system supporting the BPEL standard. Using the strategy and implementation guideline proposed in this work, BPM solution vendors can establish their own standard adoption strategy and they can also develop their BPM solutions supporting the BPM standards more efficiently.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.294-297
• /
• 2000

Heavy metals are extracted from Chonju stream sediment, roadside soils and sediments along Honam expressway, soils and tailings from mining area using partial ectraction in Standard Method, partial ectraction method with maintaining 0.1N of extraction solution and acid digestion. In samples having buffer capacity against acid, 0.1N of extraction solution can not be maintained and pH of extraction solution increases up to 8.0 when partial extraction in Standard Method is used. The averages and ranges of (heavy metals extracted using partial extraction in standard method, HPE)/(heavy metals extracted using partial extraction method with maintaining 0.1N of extraction solution, HPEM) values are 0.506 and 0.145~1.126 in Cd, 0.534~ and 0.078~0.928 in Zn, 0.461 and 0.041~1.715 in Mn, 0.359 and 0.011~0.874 in Cu, 0.195 and 0.018~1.785 in Cr, 0.710 and 0.003~3.075 in Pb, and 0.088 and 1.73$\times$10$^{-5}$ ~0.303 in Fe. These data indicate that the difference between HPE and HPEM is big in the order of Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn, Cd, Zn and Pb. It is quite possible that the partial extraction method in Standard Method of soil in Korea is not adequate for an assessment of contamination in area where buffer capacity of soil will be decreased or lost after a long term exposure of soils to environmental damage.

• 핵의학기술
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 2012

이 실험은 검사를 매일 실행하고, 동결건조된 표준액을 매번 녹여서 사용하는 검사실은 그 안정성에 대하여 고민을 할 필요는 없지만, 검사를 일주일에 한번 또는 두 번 정도 실행하는 검사실에 대한 보고라고 할 수도 있다. 동결 건조한 표준물질은 용해한 후 다시 동결을 할 경우 보통 $-20^{\circ}C$이하에서 유효기간까지 보관하라는 식으로만 표현 되어져 있고, 이는 몇 번을 녹인 후 재사용해도 안정한가에 대해서는 표현된 바가 없기에 이번 실험은 동결건조한 표준용액을 녹임과 동결을 여러 번 번복하였을 때와 냉장보관을 하였을 시에 표준용액의 변화도와 이것이 결과에 미치는 영향을 비교 평가하였다. 시판되고 있는 방사면역측정법을 이용한 체외진단키트 중 동결건조표준용액으로 되어진 부갑상선호르몬(PTH), 부신피지자극호르몬(ACTH), 황체형성호르몬(LH) kit를 같은Lot.NO.로 구성하였다. 이를 D.W.로 각 용량에 맞게 용해한 후 3개의 대조군으로 분리하였다. 제1대조군은 녹임, 동결을 번복하는 방법으로 하였고 제2대조군은 용해한 후 Test tube에 1회 사용할 만큼 분주하여 동결을 하였고 제3대조군은 냉장보관으로 하였다. 표준액과 환자농도값 날짜 별로 비교하였고, pH Test를 하였으며 날짜 별 단순회귀분석 및 결정계수 산출을 하였으며 Excel Paired t-Test (p-value)를 하여서 유의수준관계를 분석하였다. 위에서 실험한 ACTH, PTH, LH의 동결건조 표준액은 반드시 냉동보관을 할 것을 권고한다. 이는 다른 동결건조표준액도 같은 방법으로 보관을 해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.157-171
• /
• 2005

Recently companies are aggressively Pushing ahead with integrating the systematical applications of internal and external information systems such as Data level, Application level, Process level in the company, Process level between companies. The EAI solution is generally considered as the necessary tool to integrate companies, but the appraisal standard for the EAI solution has not Vet settled in Korea, so the companies have difficulty in deciding whether to adopt the EAI solution or not. Through this report, we first introduce the KRA Project as the best practice in making an application of the settled standard to evaluate and adopt the EAI solution, and then suggest that it can be adapted to companies considering applying to the EAI solution.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.161-175
• /
• 2011

An n-string tangle is a three dimensional ball with n strings properly embedded in it. A tangle model of a DNA-protein complex is first introduced by C. Ernst and D. Sumners in 1980's. They assumed the protein bound DNA as strings and the protein as a three dimensional ball. By using a tangle analysis, one can predict the topology of DNA within the complex. S.Kim and I. Darcy developed the biologically reasonable 4-string tangle equations and decided a solution tangle, called R-standard tangle. The author discussed more about the simple solution tangles of the equations and found a generalized R-standard tangle solution.

• 대한전기학회논문지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.362-368
• /
• 1992

This paper presents a coupling scheme, which couples an analytical solution and the standard finite element, for analyzing the electromagnetic fields. The former is a solution of the magnetic field in free space, i.e., the outer region of boundary, and the latter represents the system with source currents and magnetic materials in the inner region of boundary. The proposed method retains the sparsity and symmetry of the final system matrix, the merits of the standard FEM. To verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm, an example which can be solved analytically is chosen and analyzed. The results are compared with those of the standard FEM and the analytic solutions.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.343-349
• /
• 2010

Rapid on-site sensing of nitrate-nitrogen and potassium ions in hydroponic solution would increase the efficiency of nutrient use for greenhouse crops cultivated in closed hydroponic systems while reducing the potential for environmental pollution in water and soil. Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are a promising approach because of their small size, rapid response, and the ability to directly measure the analyte. The capabilities of the ISEs for sensing nitrate and potassium in hydroponic solution can be affected by the presence of other ions such as calcium, magnesium, sulfate, sodium, and chloride in the solution itself. This study was conducted to investigate the applicability of two ISEs consisting of TDDA-NPOE and valinomycin-DOS PVC membranes for quantitative determinations of $NO_3$-N and K in hydroponic solution. Nine hydroponic solutions were prepared by diluting highly concentrated paprika hydroponic solution to provide a concentration range of 3 to 400 mg/L for $NO_3$-N and K. Two of the calibration curves relating membrane response and nutrient concentration provided coefficients of determination ($R^2$) > 0.98 and standard errors of calibration (SEC) of < 3.79 mV. The use of the direct potentiometry method, in conjunction with an one-point EMF compensation technique, was feasible for measuring $NO_3$-N and K in paprika hydroponic solution due to almost 1:1 relationships and high coefficients of determination ($R^2$ > 0.97) between the levels of $NO_3$-N and K obtained with the ion-selective electrodes and standard instruments. However, even though there were strong linear relationships ($R^2$ > 0.94) between the $NO_3$-N and K concentrations determined by the Gran's plot-based multiple standard addition method and by standard instruments, hydroponic $NO_3$-N concentrations measured with the ISEs, on average, were about 10% higher than those obtained with the automated analyzer whereas the K ISE predicted about 59% lower K than did the ICP spectrometer, probably due to no compensation for a difference between actual and expected concentrations of standard solutions directly prepared.