• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.919-929
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• 2013

최근에 많은 IT기술들이 자동차에 적용되고 있다. 하지만 일부 자동차 IT 기술들은 보안에 대한 적절한 고려 없이 자동차에 적용되어 보안 사고를 야기할 수도 있다. 특히 최근의 연구 결과들은 차량 소유자 인증을 해주는 특정 모델의 스마트키가 무선 신호를 재전송하거나 이를 위조하는 공격으로부터 안전하지 않고, 이를 통해 차량을 탈취할 수 있음을 실험을 통해 증명하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 스마트키의 무선 신호 조작 공격을 이용한 차량도난으로부터 안전한 차량 운전자 인증 방법을 제안한다. 오늘날 차량에 구축된 전자장치간의 네트워크에서는 운전자의 운전 패턴에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 차량 소유자의 운전 패턴 정보를 학습시켜 이를 표준 정규분포화한 후, 운전자에 대한 인증이 가능한 인증 모델을 설계하였다. 또한 제안하는 인증 모델을 검증하기 위해 k-묶음 교차 검증을 수행하였고, false positive rate가 0.35일 때 true positive rate 0.7 로 운전자 인식이 가능함을 확인하였다. 제안하는 인증모델은 차량 소유자에게 연락할 수 있는 모듈(eg. 3G/4G 통신 module)과 함께 사용된다면 기존의 소유기반(스마트 키)의 인증 방식 보다 더 안전하게 차량을 보호할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.285-287
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• 2016

Background: The efficacy of standard treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is declining because of antibiotic resistance. Clarithromycin resistance is also increasing in many Asian countries. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of H. pylori infection and clinical association in Laos. Materials and Methods: A total of 329 Lao dyspeptic patients who underwent gastroscopy at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos during December 2010-March 2012 were enrolled in this study. During gastroscopy, 4 biopsies were collected (2 each from the antrum and body) for CLO-test and histopathology. Only the positive CLO-test gastric tissues was stored at $-80^{\circ}C$ in a freezer until DNA was extracted and a GenoType$^{(R)}$HelicoDR test was conducted for detecting mutations in the rrl gene encoding 23S rRNA (clarithromycin resistance) and mutations in gyrA gene (fluoroquinolone resistance). Results: Of the total, 119 Lao patients (36.2%) were infected with H. pylori including 59 males (49.6%) and 60 females (50.4%) with a mean age of 46 years. Clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance of H. pylori infection was demonstrated in 15 (12.6%) and 16 strains (13.4%) respectively. In clarithromycin resistance, the number of patients who had education above primary school and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ were significantly higher than those who had education below primary school and BMI<$25kg/m^2$ (23.1% vs 7.5%, P-value= 0.036 and 20.5% vs 8%, P-value= 0.048, respectively). In fluoroquinolone resistance, the number of lowland Lao was significantly higher than those of non-lowland (highland and midland) Lao ethnic groups (16.7% vs 0%, P-value= 0.039). Conclusions: H. pylori infections remain common in Laos. Clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance with H. pylori infection are growing problems. Education above primary school and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ might be predictors for clarithromycin resistance and lowland Lao ethnicity might be predictors for fluoroquinolone resistance with H. pylori infection in Laos.

• 복식
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.56-69
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• 2013

This study studies the fabrics from excavated 17th century tombs of Mrs. Min from Yeoheung family(1586~1656), Yeo-on Kim(1596~1665) and Won-rip Choi(1618~1690) and attempts to clarify the relationship between the fashion trend in fabrics of those times and the background behind it by viewing and examining the proportion of twill fabrics to the total silk fabrics and the characteristics of its weave and patterns. Looking into fabrics from the above tombs, twill fabrics accounted for 10.4%(13 pieces) 19.3%(16 pieces) and 9.2%(9 pieces) of total silk fabrics in each of the respective tombs. This forms a remarkable contrast with the fact that there was only one piece of twill silk fabrics(0.5%) and not any from the 16th century tombs of Mrs. Yoon from Papyeong family (0.5%) and Soo-ryoon Sim(0%). In particular, the percentage of hwamun-neung(patterned twill fabrics) in each of the tombs is 8.0%(10 pieces), 13.3%(11 pieces), 9.2%(9 pieces), which is much higher than that of non-patterned one. This is common to the twill fabrics from above three 17th century tombs. Patterns of hwamun-neung(patterned twill), simplified small flower patterns or geometrical figures, from the three excavated tombs are mostly arranged sporadically with blank space. It is supposed that these figurative characteristics reflected the aesthetic sense of the gentry at that time which valued simplicity and moderation for their Confucian standard. This phenomenon of increased use and production of twill fabrics in the 17th century resulted from different factors such as wars like Japanese Invasion of Korea(1592~1598), economic difficulty, government regulations against the production of high-class fabrics, development of weaving skill and its fixation, changes of fabric production environments, and changes of aesthetic sense preferring naive and moderate things to showy ones. As for the weaving characteristics of twill fabrics from the three 17th century tombs 3 leaf warp-faced twill was often used for the ground texture and 4 leaf warp-faced one was occasionally used. For pattern texture 6 leaf weft-faced twill was frequently used, 4 leaf weft-faced twill and 3 leaf weft-faced twill were used at times, and floating one was occasionally used as well.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1683-1689
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• 2001

The levels of urea nitrogen both in blood (BUN) and milk (MUN), and milk protein (MP) reflect protein and energy intake in dairy herd feeding. Blood and milk constituents may be changes rhythmically and influence by different sampling time within a day and after feeding. Trials were conducted using five dietary treatments in both lactating and dry cows to study the effects of sampling time on concentrations of BUN, MUN and whole blood ammonia nitrogen (BAN) in practical dairy cow feeding in Taiwan. The conventional feed ingredients and forages including corn silage, alfalfa hay, timothy or pangola hay and corn grain were used as major source of the diet to follow practical dairy cow feeding. Five different diets were varying in amounts (low=L; standard=S; high=H) of crude protein (P) and energy (E) according to the NRC (1989). The energy to protein ratios in kcal/kg for the PSES, PLES, PHES, PSEH and PSEL were 10.82, 12.54, 9.41, 12.53 and 9.13 in lactating cows, and 11.38, 13.33, 9.78, 13.28 and 9.74 in dry cows, respectively. Results showed that after feeding at 9:30, BUN reached peak at 13:30 and was significantly higher than those to that sampled at 14:30 to 18:30 (p<0.05) in dry cows. Therefore the best blood sampling time for urea nitrogen assay in dry cows is 4 hours after morning feeding. In lactating cows, BUN of 13:30 was significantly higher than those of 8:30 to 11:30 (p<0.05), but there were no significant difference between the BUN values of other sampling time. Hence the suitable blood sampling time for BUN value in lactating cows was located on 3 to 8 hours after morning feeding, but the best time was 4 hours after morning feeding. MUN content is significantly higher in the afternoon collected bulk milk than the fore-strip morning milk (p<0.05), therefore the best sampling time for MUN is from afternoon collected bulk milk. Diurnal BAN changed without traceable rhythmic pattern and was negatively correlated to the BUN (r = -0.78). It is suggested that BAN may not be a good indicator for monitoring dairy cow feeding.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.31-51
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• 2009

The characteristics of Jin's ideas on clinic theory can be arranged as follows. 1. Jin emphasized warming and tonifying[溫補] in treatment and the part that shows this the best is the taking care of[調理] the Vital gate[命門], kidney, liver, and spleen. His ideas were based on his understanding of a human life's origin, and was influenced by Seolgi(薛己), Joheon-ga(趙獻可) and Janggaebin(張介賓)'s Vital gate and source Gi theory(元氣說) so scholastically, he has that in common with them but was later criticized by later doctors such as Oksamjon(玉三尊) as an 'literary doctor(文字醫)' who followed the ideas of "Uigwan(醫貫)". 2. The warming and tonifying school[溫補學派], who were influenced by Taoism, said in their theory of disease outbreak[發病學說] that since one must not hurt one's Yin essence and Yang fire [陰精陽火] there is more deficiency than excess, so that was why they used tonifying methods. Jin was also like them and this point of view is universal in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatric medicine and surgery and so on. 3. Jin, who saw the negative form of pulse diagnosis[診脈] emphasized following symptoms over pulse diagnosis using the spirit of ‘finding truth based on truth[實事求是]' in "Maekgyeolcheonmi(脈訣闡微)", but emphasized 'the combination of pulse and symptoms[脈證合參]'. He understood pulse diagnosis as a defining tool for symptoms, and in "Seoksilbirok(石室秘錄)" simplified pulse diagnosis into 10 methods : floating/sunken(浮沉), slow/fast(遲數), large/fine(大小), vacuous/replete(虛實) and slippery/rough(滑澀). 4. Jin used 'large formulas(大方)' a lot that usually featured a large dose, and in " Bonchosinpyeon(本草新編)" he thought of the seven formulas(七方) and ten preparations(十劑) as the standard when using medicine. He did away with old customs and presented a 'new(新)' and 'extra(奇)' point of view. He especially used a lot of Insam(人蔘) when tonifying Gi and Geumeunhwa(金銀花) when treating sores and ulcers. 5. In the area of surgery Jin gave priority to the early finding and treatment of disease with internal treatment[內治] and was against the overuse of acupuncture. However records of surgical measures in a special situation like lung abscesses(肺癰) and liver abscesses(肝癰), and anesthetic measures using 'Manghyeongju(忘形酒)' and 'Singoiyak(神膏異藥)' and opening the abdomen or skull, and organ transplants using a dog's tongue are important data. 6. Jin stated the diseases of Gi and blood broadly. Especially in the principles of treating blood, blood diseases had to be forwarded[順] and Gi regulation[理氣] was the number one priority and stated the following two treatments. First, in "Jeonggiinhyeolpyeon(精氣引血篇)" of volume 6 of "Oegyeongmieon(外經微言)", for the rules for treating blood he stated the pattern identification of finding Gi in blood and blood in Gi. Second, he emphasized Gi regulation(理氣) in blood diseases and stated that the Gi must be tonifyed after finding the source of the loss of blood.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 소형화를 위해 방사패치에 절반으로 절단된 X-슬롯을 가지며, WLAN 이중대역인 2.4 GHz 대역 (2.4 ~ 2.484 GHz) 및 5 GHz 대역 (5.15 ~ 5.825 GHz)용 마이크로스트립 급전 모노폴 안테나를 제안하였다. 여러 파라미터들의 수치들을 최적화하여 주파수 특성을 만족하였으며, 5 GHz 대역의 반사손실 개선을 위해 DGS (defected ground structure)를 사용하였다. 제안된 안테나는 크기가 $24{\times}41mm^2$, 두께는 1.6 mm, 유전상수가 4.3인 FR-4 기판에 설계 및 제작 되었다. 제안된 안테나의 제작 및 측정 결과, 임피던스 대역폭(${\mid}S_{11}{\mid}{\leq}-10dB$)이 2.4 GHz 대역에서는 약 450 MHz (2.27 ~ 2.72 GHz), 5 GHz 대역에서는 약 1340 MHz (4.79 ~ 6.13 GHz)인 대역폭을 얻어 제안한 두 대역의 IEEE 규격(IEEE 802. 11n)을 충분히 만족하는 안테나를 구현했다. 특히 두 대역에서 안정되고 비교적 좋은 무지향성 경향의 방사패턴을 얻을 수 있었으며, 각 대역에서의 안테나 이득은 각각 1.31, 1.98 dBi 임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.296-296
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• 2014

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the splitting of surface plasmon (SP) resonance peaks under TE- and TM-polarized illumination. The SP structure at infrared wavelength is fabricated with a 2-dimensional square periodic array of circular holes penetrating through Au (gold) film. In brief, the processing steps to fabricate the SP structure are as follows. (i) A standard optical lithography was performed to produce to a periodic array of photoresist (PR) circular cylinders. (ii) After the PR pattern, e-beam evaporation was used to deposit a 50-nm thick layer of Au. (iii) A lift-off processing with acetone to remove the PR layer, leading to final structure (pitch, $p=2.2{\mu}m$; aperture size, $d=1.1{\mu}m$) as shown in Fig. 1(a). The transmission is measured using a Nicolet Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at the incident angle from $0^{\circ}$ to $36^{\circ}$ with a step of $4^{\circ}$ both in TE and TM polarization. Measured first and second order SP resonances at interface between Au and GaAs exhibit the splitting into two branches under TM-polarized light as shown in Fig. 1(b). However, as the incidence angle under TE polarization is increased, the $1^{st}$ order SP resonance peak blue-shifts slightly while the splitting of $2^{nd}$ order SP resonance peak tends to be larger (not shown here). For the purpose of understanding our experimental results qualitatively, SP resonance peak wavelengths can be calculated from momentum matching condition (black circle depicted in Fig. 2(b)), $k_{sp}=k_{\parallel}{\pm}iG_x{\pm}jG_y$, where $k_{sp}$ is the SP wavevector, $k_{\parallel}$ is the in-plane component of incident light wavevector, i and j are SP coupling order, and G is the grating momentum wavevector. Moreover, for better understanding we performed 3D full field electromagnetic simulations of SP structure using a finite integration technique (CST Microwave Studio). Fig. 1(b) shows an excellent agreement between the experimental, calculated and CST-simulated splitting of SP resonance peaks with various incidence angles under TM-polarized illumination (TE results are not shown here). The simulated z-component electric field (Ez) distribution at incident angle, $4^{\circ}$ and $16^{\circ}$ under TM polarization and at the corresponding SP resonance wavelength is shown in Fig. 1(c). The analysis and comparison of theoretical results with experiment indicates a good agreement of the splitting behavior of the surface plasmon resonance modes at oblique incidence both in TE and TM polarization.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2011

인위적, 자연적, 지리적, 시간적 요소 등에 의하여 기후가 변동되는 현상을 '기후변화'라 하며, 이는 수십년 또는 그 이상 지속되는 변동성이 평균적 상태에 대해 통계적으로 중요한 변화라고 정의된다. 이러한 기후변화가 최근 들어 급속하게 진행되어 자연재해가 발생함에 따라 세계는 이 변화의 추이를 예의 주시하고 있다. 특히 수자원 분야의 기후변화에 대한 취약성은 다른 분야에 비해 높을 것으로 평가되며, 이러한 기후변화로 인한 취약성을 예측하고 재해를 방지하는 것은 이 분야에서의 주요 사안이라고 할 수 있겠다. 국내의 수자원 분야 취약성 평가는 아직 미흡하므로, 본 연구에서는 수자원 분야의 전문가들을 대상으로 델파이 기법을 사용하여 우리나라 중소하천의 기후변화 취약성에 대하여 분석하였다. 조사는 총 3차에 걸쳐 실시하였으며 1차에서 총점분석을 이용하여 대리변수를 선정하였고, 1차에서 선택된 대리 변수들은 2 3차에서 항목 별 분석을 하였고, 이를 통하여 전문가 의견을 평가 정리하였다. 전반적으로 전문가 의견은 조사가 진행될수록 편차가 줄어들며 합의가 진전되었다. 추후연구로는 연구대상지역에 대한 직접적인 취약성 평가의 진행이 필요할 것으로 예상된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권4B호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2011

하천 정비 및 하천 복업사업의 기준유량이 되는 하도형성유량 산정은 안정하도 설계시 반드시 선행되어야 하는 것이다. 국내의 경우 하도형성유량 산정방법에 대한 연구가 많이 수행되지 않아 특정패턴을 도출하기가 어려운 실정이다. 국내하천의 경우 외국의 주요하천과 비교하여 하상계수가 크게 나타나는 특성으로 인해 외국사례를 국내에 적용하기에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 현재 구하도 복원이 진행 되고 있거나 계획되어 있는 만경강, 청미천, 함평천을 대상으로 하도형성유량 산정을 위해 만제유량, 특정 재현기간별 유량, 유효유량을 산정해보고 각각의 상호관계를 분석하여 하상계수가 큰 국내하천에 적용 가능한 하도형성유량을 제안하고자 한다. 만제유량은 대상유역의 지형자료를 이용한 HEC-RAS 모의를 통해 산정하였으며 특정 재현기간별 유량과 유효유량은 대상구간의 유량, 하상토, 유사 자료를 이용하여 산정하였다. 산정결과 하상계수가 큰 하천에서는 유효유량이 만제유량보다 크게 나타났으며 하상계수와 관련하여 특정 재현기간별 유량은 일관성 있는 특징이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2007

낙동강 하구둑 지점의 1일 수량 및 COD 농도 관측자료를 이용하여 산정한 오염부하량을 기준(기준 오염부하량)으로 하여 관측간격에 따른 월별 및 연별 COD 추정 오염부하 변화와 수량 및 수질변화를 분석하였다. 수량 및 수질 변화비율을 이용한 영향인자 분석결과, 오염부하 양상은 흐름 강주도형(오염부하 추정에 흐름의 영향이 매우 큰 경우)으로 파악되었다. 또한, 관측간격 변화에 따른 추정 오염부하를 분석한 결과, 평균은 관측간격에 따라 큰 차이를 보이고 있지는 않으나, 표준편차가 관측일수가 증가함에 따라 뚜렷한 증가양상을 보인다. 월평균 수량 및 수질자료를 이용하여 추정한 오염부하량은 평균적으로 100% 정도, 특히 하계에는 $300\sim400%$ 정도의 추정오차가 발생할 수 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서, 월평균 자료를 이용한 오염부하 추정은 신뢰수준이 매우 낮기 때문에 적어도 $10\sim20$일 이내의 관측간격 자료를 이용하여 추정하는 것이 권장되며, 하계의 수량은 1일 간격이 필수적이며, 수질농도는 $5\sim7$일 정도의 관측간격이 요구된다.