• 농업과학연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2006

Technical efficiency of semiforcing watermelon growers is 0.8248 on average, and distributed between 0.6744 and 0.9268. The result showed that semiforcing watermelon growers had by 18% of technical inefficiency and could be assumed that increasing technical efficiency could induce watermelon production more increase. Consequently, if growers' technical efficiency were improved while other environments were constant, watermelon production could be increased. Following the results from the inefficiency effect model, all assumption coefficient such as growers age etc, are significant at 10% level. Estimate of dispersion parameter ${\gamma}$ is 0.89, which confirms those differences between practical output and frontier output were derived from the technical efficiencies among growers. Differences of production system between high and low level growers in production efficiency were showed at side altitude, ventilation and heat-retaining in section of facilities and automation, soil test and calcium application in section of environment management, transplant preparation and duration of pollination in section of crop management and shipment place, sorting degree and management record analysis in section of business management respectively. As a result of analyzing consulting data by using standard diagnosis table of watermelon cultivation under structure which cultivated on semi-forced watermelon growers, gap between high and low level growers was 7.0 points in facility automation section, 7.1 points in environment section, 8.8 points in crop management section and 13.6 points in business management section, respectively, which were the biggest one among them. In case of excluding information-related items from the evaluation index of business management section, changes of business achievement are to occur. Therefore, it is recommended for us to review the standard diagnostic table of watermelon cultivation under structure by dividing evaluation index of management section into management and information.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.153-178
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• 2000

Dental prosthetic restoration shows a big difference of cost per itemized unit depending on the size of dental labs, facility standard, manpower, and performance. Even the same dental labs have distinctive cost according to manufacturing performance, inflation, and the number of workers. However, in apite of such a change of circumstances, it appears to be quite stable in the relative cost per itemized unit unless the manufacturing trend of particular item changes dramatically. Therefore, if the relative number of cost per itemized unit, which is produced by costing, is indicated, we are able to utilize it effectively as a standard wage estimate. If the wage of dental prosthetic restoration is determined on the basis of cost, it is desirable that the relative value of cost and that of wage are identical. But, by means of comparative analysis, since the relative value of wage reveals mostly lower than that of cost depending on an item, it is considered that the wage is not reflecting the cost approproately. Due to the subdivision and the profession of medical technology, the new development of wage items for dental prosthetic restoration is required. This means that the need for the establishment of new wage items should be presented as the general concept of dental prothetic restroation changes and the level of pathologic technology increases. The current wage structure has differences in the degree of difficulty accroding to unit items and in the cost factors. Nevertheless, the differences are not reflected enough to the wage, so there is potential to lower the medical quality through the use of low-proce materials to avoid the increase of cost and the work process which skips a manufacturing step. The new items of dental prosthetic restoration also increases, but the development of proper numerical value system is not supported. Thus, the right proce is set mostly by applying to the wage of a similar item. Since most wages are established by an individual agreement between the dental clinic institute and the dental labs, the propriety of wage level lacks. Therefore, it is urgent to provide and promote the system of a fair work charge by a standard cost which can be applied to all medical institute.

• Architectural research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2018

Recently, there has been inter-Korean exchanges are active, in company with an assertive international activity with North Korea and inter-Korean Summits. Thus, there is a growing possibility of Korean reunification. However, when the unification situation occurs, population inflow by North Korean residents will be expected, and it will be necessary to prepare a housing supply strategy. In addition, even if North Koreans are prevented from entering, a plan is necessary to ensure structural safety since most buildings in North Korea are aging and a recent natural disaster occurs frequently. In this research, we will try to present a temporary housing supply strategy and a short-term structural reinforcement plan based on analysis of the standard housing conditions in North Korea. In this research, we represent the analysis result of the existing construction level, supply status and structural performance of North Korea. When we consider the reinforcement period and social costs, a short-term reinforcement plan is recommended rather than the full reinforcement of the aged housing in North Korea. Furthermore, we examine the ways to secure the residential safety of North Koreans through a case study of domestic and overseas temporary residential facilities, until the permanent residential facilities were supplied. According to the analysis, the tent houses were used as a form of relief housing in overseas frequently. However, the tent house is difficult to apply for domestic country with clear seasons due to insulation and heating problems. Therefore, it is appropriate to develop a residential supply strategy as focusing on the temporary housing facilities in assembled or container from, in preparation for the future population inflow.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2002

본 연구는 현재 급속히 확산되고 있는 대형 할인점의 피난대책 및 소방시설 설치기준에 관한 개선방안을 제시하기 위한 것으로 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. -대형 할인매장의 피난대책. -매장의 피난시설 설치의 문제점 및 대책. -매장의 방화구획 설치의 문제점 및 대책. -매장의 옥내소화전 설치의 문제점 및 대책. 연구결과 건축계획시 면적기준에 의해 설치되는 피난계단의 경우 상주인원수에 의해 수량, 설치위치, 규격 등이 결정되어야 할 것이며, 매장 부분의 방화구획 또한 시설물 설치로 인한 장애 및 피난로 확보 차원에서 매장부분에 한하여 설치를 완화하는 대신 스프링클러 설치 기준을 강화하여야 할 것이며, 스프링클러 설치시 자진하여 옥내소화전을 추가 설치하는 경우 소화전은 상품진열 등으로 인하여 사용이 불가능한 부분이 발생하므로 매장부분에 설치되는 옥내소화전은 설치반경을 완화하여 실질적인 소화시설 사용이 가능하도록 하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2018

소화활동설비 중 연결송수관설비는 출동한 소방대가 소화용수를 공급하는데 화재현장 활동에서 그 어떤 설비보다 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 연결송수관설비 화재안전기준(NFSC 502)을 바탕으로 연결송수관설비가 설치된 아파트에 대한 연결송수구 설치 위치를 조사하였다. 소방대원이 아파트에 설치된 연결송수관설비 송수구를 알고 있는 경우와 모르고 있는 경우 그리고 주간과 야간을 나누어 연결송수관설비 송수구 발견 시간을 측정하여 보았다. 실험결과를 바탕으로 소방대가 출동하여 활용하는 본격 소화설비인 연결송수관설비의 활용 극대화를 위하여 연결송수관 설치 위치에 대한 명확화 및 위치안내도 표지판 설치 등 연결송수관설비 화재안전기준(NFSC 502)에 대한 개선안을 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2014

Building simulation is used in a variety of sectors. In its early years, building simulation was mainly used in the design phase of a building for basic functions. Recently, however, it has become increasingly important during the operating phase, for commissioning and facility management. Most building simulation tools are used to estimate the thermal environment and energy consumption performance, and hence, they require the inputting of hourly weather data. A building simulation used for prediction should take into account the use of standard weather data. Weather data, which is used as input for a building simulation, plays a crucial role in the prediction performance, and hence, the selection of appropriate weather data is considered highly important. The present study proposed a technique for generating real-time weather data files, as opposed to the standard weather data files, which are required for running the building simulation. The forecasted weather elements provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), the elements produced by the calculations, those utilizing the built-in functions of Energy Plus, and those that use standard values are combined for hourly input. The real-time weather data files generated using the technique proposed in the present study have been validated to compare with measured data and simulated data via EnergyPlus. The results of the present study are expected to increase the prediction accuracy of building control simulation results in the future.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2016

There are more than 30,000 chemical substances handled in domestic university laboratories. Among them, hazardous materials are selected and managed as designated substances by the standards of 19 Ministries and 16 Acts. However, domestic safety-related laws and regulations are used to manage industrial risk factors based on industrial activities. In case of installing a university chemical laboratory in accordance with the installation standards applicable to general workplaces. It is not suitable to use as a laboratory installation standard that can be applied to a chemical laboratory installed at a university such as a problem occurs in applying to a university using a small quantity of dangerous substances in a small amount. In order to establish the laboratory structure and facility standards that are appropriate for the laboratory characteristics and apply systematic laboratory safety, the National Security Administration shall apply the special handling standard of chemical experiment to places where handling less than 30 times the designated quantity of chemical substances for chemical experiments. On August 2, 2016, the regulations for the enforcement of the Dangerous Goods Safety Management Act and the standards for the structure and facilities of the university chemical laboratory were enacted. In this study, we investigated the domestic chemical substances laws and regulations to determine the chemical substances that are over-regulated in the relevant laws, and define them as substances against accidents. The management criteria for the substances were analyzed. The R value for the designation of the designated quantity by the concept of the space in the management standard was calculated.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.646-654
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• 2020

Objectives: Users of parks or children's play facilities have pointed to pets' bowel movements as the most serious problem when using them. In prior studies, a very low detection rate of parasites (eggs) in sand flooring materials has been found. Even though feces have been identified, no parasites (eggs) have been detected. Method: A standard solution of nitrate nitrogen was used to verify the reliability of a new nitrogen analysis method. The linearity, precision, and accuracy of the nitrate nitrogen analysis method were verified. Using this method, the pollution distribution of the sand flooring material and the degree of pollution at each point were investigated. Results: As a result of the verification of the nitrogen analysis method, the linearity was found to be good at r2=0.999 when distilled water is mixed in a standard substance solution. The standard substance additive solution r2=0.968 was found to be good. Precision represented 0.01 to 0.06% RSD for peak height. The recovery rate was 92.4 to 104.0 percent, indicating high accuracy. According to the same method of analysis, the flooring material sand at a general amusement facility with the largest number of concealed spaces was nitrate nitrogen 6.1 times higher than at the entrance of the playground. Also, in a comparison between clean sand and sandy flooring, the average nitrogen concentration of the sand flooring material was 24.4-167 times higher than pure sand. Conclusions: As such, no parasites (eggs) were detected at all points under investigation, but the sand flooring was exposed to animal fecal contamination. Therefore, the management of nitrogenous components should allow accurate identification of animal fecal contamination so that the timing of sand replacement can be managed hygienically and safely.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.371-380
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• 2021

본 연구는 지하공간통합지도에서 다루고 있는 지하시설물(구조물형) 중 터널 부문에 해당하는 지하차도, 지하철 선로를 대상으로 3차원 터널 데이터 모델을 설계하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 우선 터널 데이터 모델과 관련한 국제 표준 간의 특징을 비교·검토하였으며, 그 결과 CityGML 3.0 - tunnel module이 기존 표준과 비교했을 때 3차원 터널 데이터 모델을 설계함에 있어서 가장 적합한 데이터 모델임을 알 수 있었다. 이후 3차원 터널 데이터 모델의 표준 요소 도출을 위하여 법·제도적 규정을 검토하고, 관련 분야 전문가를 대상으로 수요조사를 실시하여 지하차도와 지하철 선로의 추가·확장 표준 요소를 도출하였다. 위와 같은 과정을 토대로 UML을 이용하여 3차원 터널 데이터 모델을 설계 및 제시하였다. 본 연구는 지하공간통합지도의 활용도 제고를 위한 기반 연구로써 그 의의가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2023

현재 LH공사에서 활용하고 있는 건설폐기물 처리대가 기준은 오래전에 개발된 표준 모델을 활용하여 대가를 산정하고 있다. 따라서 본 모델은 폐기물 처리시설의 기술발전과 환경상황을 잘 반영하지 못하는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 건설폐기물 중간처리 대가기준에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 공공발주기관과 LH에서 활용하고 있는 원가계산방식의 현황과 차이점을 분석하였다. 또한 폐기물 중간처리업체의 운영실태에 대한 현장조사 및 전문가 인터뷰 등을 실시하여 현재 활용되고 있는 표준모델에 대한 개선모델을 제시하였다. 건설폐기물의 중간처리를 위한 주요 공정은 건설폐기물의 파쇄기 투입, 파쇄, 선별 및 분별, 이송으로 이루어져 있다. 본 모델에 맞추어 공정운영에 필요한 소요인력과 비용을 분석하여 발주를 위한 적산 기준을 제안하였다. 이 개선된 표준모델은 공공기관의 폐기물 중간처리를 위한 원가계산 기준으로 활용될 수 있으며, 폐기물처리비의 증액이 필요한 것으로 판단하였다.