• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.237-257
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• 2020

In this paper, we classify the mathematical terms in Korean Standard Unabridged Dictionary into four groups; ① group 1 consists of the terms which coincide with the mathematical terms in the 2015 Editing Material, ② group 2 consists of the terms which are synonyms or old terms or inflection forms of the mathematical terms in the Editing Material, ③ group 3 consists of the terms which do not belong to group 1 or group 2, but relate to the elementary or secondary school mathematics, ④ group 4 consists of the terms which do not relate to the elementary or secondary school mathematics. And then we make a comparative study with the mathematical terms in the Editing Material. In this study, we find out the mathematical terms in the Editing Material, but not in Korean Standard Unabridged Dictionary. And by using synonyms and old terms of the mathematical terms in the Editing Material we guess the rough tendency which terms belong to the Editing Material. By investigating the terms in group 3 and 4, we find out the mathematical terms which may belong to the Editing Material. We also find out the wrong or inconsistent explanations in Korean Standard Unabridged Dictionary.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.257-281
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• 2017

It becomes a common feature of business practices in International Trade to use a standard terms for the formation of their contracts. However, because of differences in legal systems, business practices and so on in their own countries, there have been many conflicts and disputes happening between parties concerned in International Trade. The CISG, which has long been used as the governing law in many cases of International Trade, could not be free from those conflicting issues in its usage and application. This study analyzes the "Black Letter Rules" which was adopted by CISG Advisory Council in 2013 to provide an effective way of resolving the conflicting issues regarding the inclusion of standard terms in International Trade Contracts under the CISG. This study scrutinizes, the relevant rules and requirements for the inclusion of standard terms into a contract. It also deals with the offeror's duty of making clear reference to the standard terms, transmitting the contents of standard terms to the other party. As the other rules for the inclusion of standard terms, this study reviews the principle of denying the inclusion of standard terms after the formation of contracts, exclusion of surprising or unusual terms, preference of individually negotiated terms to the standard terms, contra preferentum rule and preference of the "knock-out rule" to "last-shot rule" in resolving the issue of so called, "Battle of Forms." Lastly, on the basis of analyzed opinion, this study suggests the practical implications for the people working at International Trade-related business sector to facilitate International Trade.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.247-255
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• 1997

In this study, the comparison of the basic human body measurement definitions and anthropometric terms between the Korean Standard and the International Standard. Measurement definitions, measurement method and measurement terms of the international standard ISO 8559, 7250 were compard with the KSRI-88-103-IR. We have tried to suggest the new methods and new terms such as eye height, waist height, arm length.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.495-513
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• 2000

In this paper, I examined the terms of letter of credit and standard for examination of documents. In connection with the test of standard, I reviewed the bank's reasonable care, inconsistence and linkage between documents, non-documentary conditions and the treatment of discrepant documents. Traditionally credit law is founded on two principles such as the standards of strict of compliance and substantial compliance, but these standards are not consistency. Moreover although the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits(UCP) introduces a new standard for examination of documents by incorporating international banking practice, the standards for documentary compliance have created ambiguity. Accordingly, I suggest that the standard requires strict compliance between party concerned in letter of credit transactions but only requires international standard banking practice in customer relationship. Therefore the standard and the specific guideline should be prescribed in the next version of the UCP.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the malnutrition rate with anthropometric indices for the nutrient intake of 74 children aged 4-12 years old in three child welfare institutions in Cheonan city. The average heights and weights of the children are much lower than the Korean average height and weight. The mean BMI is $17.0{\pm}1.53$. In terms of height-for-age, 16.0% of the samples belong to below -2 standard deviation from the mean of the reference group. In terms of weight-for-age, 16.0% of the children belong to below -2 standard deviation. In terms of weight-for-height, 4.0% of the children belong to below -2 standard deviation. The standard deviation scores(Wt/Age, Ht/Age) indicate negative signs for seventy to eighty percent of the children. This is due to the lower consumption of the important nutrients that children consumed and almost all nutrients much less than the recommended daily allowances. Special nutrition welfare policies and programs targcting child welfare institutions should be developed to provide adequate nutrition for children in residential care.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2000

The objective of the present study is to investigate the pressure-strain correlation terms of the Reynolds stress models for the three dimensional turbulent boundary layer in a $30^{\circ}$ bend tunnel. The numerical results obtained by models of Launder, Reece and Rodi (LRR) , Fu and Speziale, Sarkar and Gatski (SSG) for the pressure-strain correlation terms are compared against experimental data and the calculated results from the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ model. The governing equations are discretized by the finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm is used to calculate the pressure field. The results show that the models of LRR and SSG predict the anisotropy of turbulent structure better than the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ model. Also, the results obtained from the LRR and SSG models are in better agreement with the experimental data than those of the Fu and standard k-${\varepsilon}$ models with regard to turbulent normal stresses. Nevertheless, LRR and SSG models do not effectively predict pressure-strain redistribution terms in the inner layer because the pressure-strain terms are based on the locally homogeneous approximation. Therefore, to give better predictions of the pressure-strain terms, non-local effects should be considered.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.32
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• pp.29-56
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• 2006

This article primarily concerns the various aspects of the rules to control express terms particularly in standard form which seek to absolve either wholly or in part from the seller's liability for non-conforming goods. It describes and analyzes in detail how English law regulates such terms. In this analysis, it places the following questions; first, whether each jurisdiction treats the seller's liability for non-conformity in quality and quantity as mandatory rules, second, if it does, to what extent it is treated so and third, if not, in what way it controls the seller's attempt to exclude or restrict his liability for non-conformity in quality and quantity. In addition, it attempts to compare the rules under English law with those under Korean law and to evaluate them in light of the discipline of comparative law. In an attempt to evaluate them, it asks the question of whether a solution from one jurisdiction may facilitate the systematic development and reform of another jurisdiction. The evaluation is based upon the idea that the problems of fairness associated with the use of standard terms occur where the customer is unfairly taken by surprise due to his ignorance of the terms, or where even if he knows of the substance of the terms and objects to it, he is met with a take-it-or-leave-it situation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.89-106
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• 1998

Standard contsacts are drafted by one side only and therefore naturally favour that party. The other party must either adhere to those terms or abandon the transaction entirely. Accordingly the terms in these contracts tend to by quite harsh, especially so in consumer transactions. The objectives of this study are to examine the degree of consumer knowledge practical use, experience of consumer problems on service contract terms and to investigate the factors which influence on the degree of experience of consumer problems related the contract terms. The data used in this empirical study included 685 consumers experienced transactions with the terms in the last two years in Seoul. Statistics used for data analysis ere Reliability, Frequencies, Means, Standard Deviation and Multiple Regression Analysis. The conclusions can be summarized as follows. 1) Actually, consumers experienced many problems related the service-contract terms, despite regulation of unfair contract terms. 2) The level of education and purchasing experience variables have affected positively to the level of consumer problem experiences related the contract terms. 3) The effect of trend and characteristics of contract terms are variables with the type of contract terms. Therefore the regulation of the contract terms have to by differently enforced according to the type of contract terms.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.329-340
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the terms which were described in panels for astronomic article on exhibition at the Gwacheon National Science Museum, and to clarify that the terms were appropriate and easily understandable or not. In research, totally, 965 terms were collected in 52 panels(14 panels in planetarium, 17 panels in national history part, and 21 panels in traditional science part). All terms were categorized to 4types, as 1.Standard/Scientific terms, 2.Non-Standard/Scientific terms, 3.Standard/Non-Scientific terms, 4. Non-Standanrd/Non-Scientific casual words, based on 'Dictionary of Standard Korean' and 'Terminology of Astronomy'. And questionnaires survey was done to 24 in-service teachers at elementary school, middle school, and high school to clarify that the level of the terms are appropriate to students. The results of this study show that accurate scientific terms were 68.5%, and many of students had difficulty in understanding those scientific terms in the panels because of unfamiliarity. Therefore, in order to make students get more interest and better understanding, it is proposed to minimize scientific terms and to substitute them to casual terms which were related with practical life.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.21
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• pp.3-37
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• 2003

English law accepts the basic principle of freedom of contract that the parties should be free to agree on any terms that they like unless their agreement is illegal or otherwise contrary to public policy because it infringes some public interest. On the other hand, it has been limited for hundreds of years on the basis that certain contract terms, particularly in standard form, may alter a distribution of risks that the customer would reasonably intended. The alteration may often result from his simple ignorance caused by either lack of opportunity to become aware of clauses or inability to understand their full potential implications. In addition, it may also result from disparity in bargaining power which does not allow the customer to look after their own interests even if he is fully aware of the unacceptable clauses. In response to this problem, English law has employed both judicial and statutory intervention techniques to control unfair contract terms. This study describes and analyzes in detail how English law regulates such terms, particularly, in standard form, in order to provide legal advice to our sellers residing either in UK or in Korea who plan to enter into UK markets. It also attempts to explore any problem in the existing double legislations of UCTA and UTCCR and put forward future direction of English law in light of the Draft Unfair Terms Bill which was currently proposed by the Law Commissioners. The main concern of this paper will be confined to some of the various aspects of both judicial and statutory control of unfair contract terms in English law which may draw our attention in terms of domestic or international business sales.