• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2015

The study of photocatalysis of nano titanium dioxideon the cotton fabrics have been investigatedthrough self-cleaning properties. The mini-emulsion technique was employed to prepare the encapsulation of titanium dioxide nano particles in polystyrene beads prior used. The mini-emulsion was coated on the cotton fabrics using Pad-dry method.The loading amount of TiO2particles into the mini-emulsion were various from 1%wt to 40%wt. The particles sizes of the TiO2-encapsulated polystyrene mini-emulsion were investigated by dynamic light scattering. It was noticed that the particle size of the mini-emulsion was in the range of 100- 200 nm. The morphology of treated cotton fabrics were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The crystal structure of TiO2-encapsulated PS mini emulsion which coated on cotton fabrics were examined by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. In order to investigate the photocatalytic activities of TiO2 through the selfcleaning characteristics of the cotton fabrics, colorant stains were created on the samples. Coffee stains were used as colorant organic stains. The result shown that the coffee stained on the cotton fabrics significantly showed the improving of the self-cleaning properties under UV radiation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 1994.06a
• /
• pp.150-151
• /
• 1994

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.1048-1061
• /
• 1996

The most important practical feature that represents the performance of a washing machine is its ability to remove stains or soils from clothes. There are various tests to measure a washing machine's ability to remove stains or soils from clothes. The results of these tests are dependent upon the kind of soiled fabrics used. Moreover, these results may reflect some aspects of the effectiveness of a washing machine in cleaning clothes due to the paritcular compositions of chemicals which comprise soils in soiled fabrics and the particular conditions in which the results are evaluated. After selecting factors presumed to have a major effect on the cleaning ability of a washing machine and choosing most widely used soiled fabrics, we use experimetal statistics methods to screen real factors from them that influence the cleaning ability of a washing machine in a statistically significant manner for each soiled fabric. Using the least number of experimental rules required to extract the necessary information, we then proceed to present the study on the relations between the sets of selected factors and the soiled fabrics. We would then suggest which soiled fabrics is the best for evaluating the performance in cleaning clothes of a washing machine based on the above study.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.90-92
• /
• 2010

Staining profiles and bacterial morphology were compared in Xanthomonas citri pv. citri by a transmission electron microscopy. Four types of negative staining regimes were employed depending on culture media and heavy metal stains. The bacterial cells grown on LB agar media often appeared clustered on the supporting film. Meanwhile, individual bacterial cells could be readily found on the preparations from LB broth media. Typical rod-shaped cells (ca. $1\;{\mu}m$ in length) and their flagella were observed in either 2% uranyl acetate (UA) or 2% neutralized potassium phosphotungstate (PTA) staining. The UA-stained bacteria often showed relatively intact cell morphology and rather positively stained cells with a thin electron-dense stain depth around bacteria. The PTA-stained bacteria were characterized by the wrinkled cell surface where the stain was entrapped in grooves. In addition, distinct electron-dense stain depth was evident around the PTA-stained preparations. Numerous fimbriae could be mostly observed from the PTA-stained preparations of the two culture media, but not from the UA-stained preparations.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.205-219
• /
• 1994

Cigarette butts from 5 smokers were gathered and then, placed in room temperature for 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 days. The possible use of the cigarette butts for individual identification was evaluated in sex determination, amplification of D1S80 locus, polymorphisms of HLA-DQA1 gene from the extracted DNA. 1. DNA extraction was possible in cigarette butts weree left in room temperature for 15days, so it can be applicatable to individual identification by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). 2. Amplification of X-Y homologous amelogenin gene by PCR made it possible to identify the sex in saliva stains (cigarette butts). 3. Amplification of D1S80 locus can be acquired from adding the boving serum albumin and hot start PCR procedures from forensic samples such as saliva stains (cigarette butts), so the AMP-FLPs examining is possible. 4. Genotype could be determined simply and rapidly using Amplitype$TM$ HLA-DQ$\alpha$ forensic kit in examining the HLA-DQA1 gene. From the investigation, DNA extraction, sex determination, amplification of D1S80 locus, polymorphisms of HLA-DQA1 gene was successfully done even though the cigarette butts were left for 15 days at room temperature. Therefore cigarette butts are highly reliable and applicatable as molecular biologic samples for individual identification.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.511-517
• /
• 1997

Tooth discoloration detracts from one's appearance and influences self-image and it is particularly true in children. Therefore, pediatric dentists are required to treat tooth discoloration manifested in children for the normal development of their psycosocial health. Three treatment modalities are currently availabler for the removal of a variety of intrinsic stains from vital teeth. These are enamel microabrasion technique using hydrochloric acid, office bleaching and home bleaching technique with carbamide. Microabrasion technique has several advantages over bleaching in that it is easy to accomplish and does not require multiple office visits or the expensive instruments and the color change seems to be permanent after treatment. The process relies on decalcification, a softening with HCl and then removal of the enamel containing the stain with rubbing. Due to the mechanism of stain removal, this method is indicated for the removal of superficial enamel stains or disc oloration only. We report four successfully treated cases by enamel microabrasion using 15% HCl and pumice. Entire clinical steps are described in detail with some discussions on the outcome.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.50 no.spc1
• /
• pp.228-230
• /
• 2005

The denature polyacrylamide gel stain silver nitrate is used for routine nucleic acid detection. More sensitive stains, such as Vistra Green, SYBR Green are available to address a broad range of DNA applications requiring lower detection limits in polyacrylamide gel formats. Gel Scanners, laser-scanning instruments, provide sensitive fluorescence detection of DNA gel stains. We established one step fluorescent impregnation enhanced sensitivity with simple, rapid and low cost. We have applied this fluorescent staining procedure for the routine analysis of DNA profiles generated by SSR amplification.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.293-297
• /
• 2017

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that is highly aggressive in nature and indolent in progression. The common risk factors for MCC are senility, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and immune deficient states. Moreover, Merkel cell polyomavirus has recently been characterized to be significantly associated with pathogenesis of MCC, including the expression of Cytokeratin 20 (CK20). Diagnosis is often difficult since histopathological results require a number of differential diagnoses through immunohistochemical (IHC) stains with other cutaneous malignancies. A 67-year-old man presented with a solitary dome-shaped erythematous round mass on the left upper arm for 2 months. Biopsy and IHC studies revealed findings consistent with Merkel Cell Carcinoma of neuroendocrine origin. Common IHC stains usually confirm positive findings for CK20, which is also recognized as the key component in making the diagnosis. We present a CK20 negative MCC in light of expanding the knowledge of unusually stained IHC results in MCC.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.163-175
• /
• 2008

Phenolic compounds play a major role in the interaction of plants with their environment. They are thought to have been a feature of higher plants since early colonization of the land. Phenolics are crucial for many important aspects of plant life. They can play structural roles in different supporting or protective tissues, for example in cell walls, they can be involved in defence strategies, and signalling properties particularly in the interactions between plants and their environment. In brown algae, phenolic compounds are contained within membrane bound vesicles known as physodes, and their roles in algae are thought to be similar to those of higher plant phenolics. They can be stained using various histochemical stains, however, none of these stains are phenolic specific so care must be taken during interpretation of such results. Many, but not all phenolics are also autofluorescent under UV or violet light. Physodes are involved in cell wall construction, both in primary and secondary walls in brown algae. They bind together with other wall components to make a tough wall. They have also been found to play a role at fertilization, in blocking polyspermy in some species. Sperm are very quickly rendered immobile after phenolic release from newly fertilized zygotes seconds after fertilization. Phenolic compounds are thought to be important herbivore deterrents in some species due to their astringent nature. Phenolic compounds also offer effective UV protection in the early life stages and also the adults of many algal species. In the future, this factor may also make them an important player in the pharmaceutical and skincare industries.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.198-203
• /
• 2020

The goal of this study was to isolate and identify wild yeasts from soil samples. The 15 wild yeast strains were isolated from the soil samples collected in Pocheon city, Gyeonggi Province, Korea. Among them, four yeast stains were unrecorded, and 11 yeast stains were previously recorded in Korea. To identify wild yeasts, microbiological characteristics were observed by API 20C AUX kit. Pairwise sequence comparisons of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA were performed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool(BLAST). Cell morphology of yeast strains was examined by phase contrast microscope. All strains were oval-shaped and polar budding and positive for assimilation of glucose, 2-keto-ᴅ-gluconate, N-acetyl-ᴅ-glucosamine, ᴅ-maltose and ᴅ-saccharose (sucrose). There is no official report that describes these four yeast species: one strain of the genus Kodamaea in the family Metschnikowiaceae and three strains of the Hannaella in the family Bulleribasidiaceae. Kodamaea ohmeri YI7, Hannaella kunmingensis YP355, Hannaella luteola YP230 and Hannaella oryzae YP366 were recorded in Korea, for the first time.