• 약학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.374-378
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• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate enhanced effect of fermented Galgeun tang (GGT) and Ssanghwa tang (SHT) on the anti-platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation assay was performed In vitro using human platelet rich plasma(PRP) and In vivo using SD-rat plasma by platelet aggregometer. Pharmacodynamic parameters, $E_{max}$ and $EC_{50}$, were calculated using Winnolin. SD-rats administered 1 g/kg of oriental medicine every 12 hr for 8 days. Platelet aggregation was measured by optical method with collagen inducer (4 ${\mu}g$/ml). In In vitro anti-platelet study, $EC_{50}$ of GGT-A was lower than that of GGT-con about 79.13 ${\mu}g$/ml. And $EC_{50}$ of SHT-A and SHT-B was lower than that of SHT-con about 122.73 and 110.15 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. It is assumed that fermented GGT and SHT were more effective than original medicine. In multiple administration study, anti-platelet effect was significantly increased both GGT and SHT. Fermented GGT and SHT were more effective than original herbal medicine on anti-platelet aggregation.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety of Ssanghwa-tang (Shuanhetang in Chinese, Sou-wa-to in Japanese) in Crl : CD Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat though the current regulatory guideline. Methods : In this study, 10 rats of each sex were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg/day of ssanghwa-tang water extract (SHT). After single administration of SHT, mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, gross findings were observed for the 15-day period. Results : Acute toxicity tests revealed that a single oral administration of SHT at dose levels of 2000 mg/kg did not affect clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings, evaluating the safety of SHT. The SHT treatment did not result in any toxicologically significant changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes. Conclusions : These results showed that the single oral administration of SHT did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg/day in rats. In conclusion, the median lethal dose (LD50) of SHT was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg/day body for both sexes.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2021

Objectives: Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) is a traditional herbal formula comprising nine medicinal herbs, and it is used for reducing fatigue in Korea. SHT exerts various effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities, and protection against acute hepatotoxicity. However, the genotoxicity of SHT has not yet been established. Methods: Ten components were identified in SHT water extract by using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. We assessed the genotoxicity of SHT by using bacterial reverse mutation (Ames test), chromosome aberration, and in vivo micronucleus tests. Results: The contents of paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin, and liquiritin apioside in SHT were 15.57, 6.94, and 3.48 mg/g extract, respectively. SHT did not increase the revertant colonies of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains in the presence or absence of metabolic activity. Although SHT did not induce structurally abnormal chromosomes in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells in the presence of metabolic activity, the number of structurally aberrated chromosomes increased dose-dependently in the absence of metabolic activity. In the in vivo micronucleus test, SHT did not affect the formation of micronuclei compared with the vehicle control. Conclusions: Genotoxicity of SHT was not observed in the Ames test and in vivo micronucleus test. However, based on the results of chromosome aberration test, it can be presumed that SHT has the potential to induce genotoxicity because it induced structurally abnormal chromosomes in the absence of metabolic activity.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2010

Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) is a traditional Korean herbal medicine widely prescribed to decrease fatigue following an illness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SHT on osteoclast differentiation in vitro, and on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats in vivo. SHT significantly reduced the receptor activator for the nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) ligand (RANKL)-induced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, and multinucleated osteoclast formation in RAW264.7 cells without affecting cell viability. In addition, SHT significantly attenuated RANKL-induced mRNA expression levels of c-Src and cathepsin K. To examine the in vivo effect of SHT on OVX-induced bone loss in OVX rats, we administered SHT (0.6 g/kg BID) orally to OVX rats for 12 weeks. SHT administration significantly blocked OVX-induced decrease of femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and femoral trabeculae in OVX rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that SHT treatment effectively prevents OVX-induced bone loss, and this effect may result from its inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.11-30
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• 2024

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) on lung injury and muscle loss in a COPD mouse model. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were challenged with cigarette smoke extract and lipopolysaccharide, and then treated with two concentrations of SHT (250 and 500 mg/kg). After sacrifice, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or lung tissue was analyzed by cytospin, ELISA, real-time PCR, flow cytometry analysis, and H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. The grip strength of COPD mice was measured using a grip strength meter. The running time of COPD mice was measured by a treadmill test. Muscle tissue of the quadriceps was stained with H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. Results: SHT significantly inhibited the increase in neutrophil numbers in BALF and significantly decreased immune cell activity in BALF and lung tissue. It also significantly inhibited the increase in TNF-α, IL-17, and MIP2 in BALF. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-17, MIP2, and TRPV1 in lung tissue showed a significant decrease compared with the control group. Lung tissue damage was significantly reduced in the histological analysis. The grip strength and running time of the COPD mice showed a significant decrease compared with the control group. In histological staining, SHT was found to reduce the damage to muscle tissue. Conclusions: This study indicates that SHT can be used as a therapeutic agent for COPD patients by inhibiting lung injury and muscle loss.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate effects of Ssanghwa-tang (Shu$\bar{a}$nghu$\bar{a}$-g$\bar{e}$ng) on oxidation/reduction reaction-related and aging-related enzymes $in$ $vitro$. Methods : We performed MTT assay, collagenase inhibition assay, elastase inhibition assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition assay. Results : The 50% ethanol (EtOH) extract of Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) showed 55% inhibition of collagenase activity, and 42% inhibition of elastase activity at 1 mg/ml concentration. Also it's treatment showed 18% inhibition of tyrosinase activity, to relate whitening effect, at the same dose of 50% ethanol extract of SHT. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging, XO inhibiting activity and SOD-like activity. These scavenging, XO-inhibiting and SOD-like activities were measured in 80%, 75%, and 28% inhibitions, respectively, at a 1 mg/ml treated dose, compared to those of control. The inhibitory effects of 50% EtOH extract on aging and oxidation-related enzyme activities were higher than those of water extract and 95% EtOH extract. Conclusions : Taken together, our findings suggest that the SHT has potential and applicable benefits for development of cosmetics to have anti-aging (anti-wrinkle and whitening) and anti-oxidation functions.