• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.17-30
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Recent emergence of diverse businesses in the distribution industry has led small and medium-sized retailers and their distribution logistics centers to face difficulties. Transactions between companies are connected within a supply chain, and the companies have relationships in the form of a supplier and a buyer. Therefore, it is important to identify causes of problems among companies through supply chain and strategic partnerships, thus developing optimal management plans and maximizing performances of companies. This study proposes that sustainable supply chain management consists of product quality, price quality, distribution quality, and promotion quality based on stakeholder theory and resource-based view. This study examined the impacts of sustainable chain management factors on satisfaction and win-win cooperation. Research design, data, and methodology: In the proposed model, satisfaction plays a mediating role in the relationship between sustainable chain management and win-win cooperation. The data were collected from 245 owners who use small and medium-sized distribution logistics center and analyzed using 2SLS (two-stage least square) with SPSS 28.0. Exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to assess the validity and reliability of constructs. Results: The findings are as follows. In the case of the total and Nadeulgage samples, product, price, and distribution quality had a significant positive effect on satisfaction, but in the case of Neighborhood super, product and price quality have a significant positive effect on satisfaction. Satisfaction has a significant positive effect on win-win cooperation in the overall, Nadeulgage, and Neighborhood super. Satisfaction plays a partial or full mediating role in the case of total, Nadeulgage, Neighborhood super. Conclusions: This study emphasized the need for sustainable supply chain management of small and medium-sized distribution logistics centers by examining the relationship between small and medium-sized distribution logistics centers and chain stores. It was found that store satisfaction plays an important role in the win-win cooperation between small and medium-sized distribution logistics centers and chain stores. Small and medium-sized distribution logistics centers can maximize product quality, price quality, distribution quality, and promotion quality by understanding the effect of chain store-related satisfaction and win-win cooperation on chain stores.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.499-509
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted to understand the effect of health assessment practical education on class participation, problem-solving process, academic self-efficacy, and academic achievement of nursing students. This study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 69 nursing university students located in C city. Data were collected on two separate occasions before and after the application of the program from February 2021 to July 2021. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, independent t-test, and ANCOVA using SPSS WIN 23.0. There were significant differences in class participation(F=15.003, p<.001), academic self-efficacy(F=13.288, p=.001) and academic achievement(F=19.755, p<.001) between the experimental group and the control group. In the problem-solving process, the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group in decision-making(F=6.948, p=.010), applying the solution(F=6.232, p=.015) and evaluation-reflection(F=5.364, p=.024). It is necessary to expand case-based learning to increase the problem-solving process, class participation, academic self-efficacy, and academic achievement of nursing students.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 2022

Purpose: How to build the attitude on brand is very important, because it affects the positive word of mouth and revisit intention. Brand attachment, brand name, and image congruence play important role on consumer behavior in terms of reinforcing consumers' perception of food service companies and differentiating them from competing brands. Following the planned behavior theory, this paper examines the effect of linking brand attitude to word-of-mouth and revisit intentions in the restaurant sector. Research design, data, and methodology: This paper examines the structural relationship among brand attachment, brand name, image congruence, brand attitude, WOM, and revisit intention. In order to test the purposes of this study, research model and hypotheses were developed. The questionnaire items were modified and used according to the content of this study based on previous studies. All constructs were measured by multiple items tested and developed in the previous research. The study is based on the quantitative method and considered 519 questionnaires fulfilled by customers of restaurants. The data were explored employing the partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Frequency analysis was conducted to identify the general characteristics of the survey subjects. To measure the reliability and validity of the measurement tools, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Structural model analysis was conducted to verify the research model. Result: The findings demonstrate that brand attachment and brand name had positive effects on attitude while image congruence did not have. Also, attitude had positive effect on WOM and revisit intention. Conclusions: This study expands the literature about WOM and revisit intentions. This study expands prior research in a similar field to which the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is applied, and reveals that brand attachment, brand name, and brand image congruence play an important role in developing brand attitude that affect revisit intention and WOM. And provide guidelines on how to enhance competitiveness in the restaurant sector based on understanding of linking brand attitude to customer loyalty and repeat business. By putting into practice these suggestions in the restaurant industry, brands can easily build up their attitude and boost a positive WOM and the intention to revisit.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.64 no.2
• /
• pp.291-301
• /
• 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different mixing ratios of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis in diets on nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and odor gas emissions of growing pigs. A total of four crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) barrows with average body weight (BW) of 41.2 ± 0.7 kg were randomly allotted four diets over four periods in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were as follows: Control (CON, basal diet), CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (L4S6, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis at a 4:6 ratio), CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (L5S5, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis at a 5:5 ratio), CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (L6S4, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis at a 6:4 ratio). Dietary probiotic supplementation showed higher crude protein (CP) digestibility values and lower Escherichia coli counts in fecal samples than the CON group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in NH₃ or H₂S emission until day 3. The positive effect of H₂S and NH₃ emissions was detected earlier with the L4S6 and L5S5 compared to the L6S4, which had a lower ratio of B. subtilis. Both the L4S6 and L5S5 probiotic complexes significantly decreased the fecal H₂S and NH₃ emission in days 4 and 6 (p < 0.05). On day 7, all probiotic complexes decreased (p < 0.05) H₂S and NH₃ emissions than the CON group. Our results agreed that the dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis complexes in growing pigs can significantly improve CP digestibility and reduce fecal E. coli counts, NH₃ and H₂S emissions. Notably, the higher mixing ratio of Bacillus subtilis in probiotic supplementation is more effective in reducing the odor of manure.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.65 no.1
• /
• pp.132-148
• /
• 2023

Ruminants are the main contributors to methane (CH₄), a greenhouse gas emitted by livestock, which leads to global warming. In addition, animals experience heat stress (HS) when exposed to high ambient temperatures. Organic trace minerals are commonly used to prevent the adverse effects of HS in ruminants; however, little is known about the role of these minerals in reducing enteric methane emissions. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the influence of dietary organic trace minerals on rumen fermentation characteristics, enteric methane emissions, and the composition of rumen bacteria and methanogens in heat-stressed dairy steers. Holstein (n=3) and Jersey (n=3) steers were kept separately within a 3×3 Latin square design, and the animals were exposed to HS conditions (Temperature-Humidity Index [THI], 82.79 ± 1.10). For each experiment, the treatments included a Control (Con) consisting of only basal total mixed rations (TMR), National Research Council (NRC) recommended mineral supplementation group (NM; TMR + [Se 0.1 ppm + Zn 30 ppm + Cu 10 ppm]/kg dry matter), and higher concentration of mineral supplementation group (HM; basal TMR + [Se 3.5 ppm + Zn 350 ppm + Cu 28 ppm]/kg dry matter). Higher concentrations of trace mineral supplementation had no influence on methane emissions and rumen bacterial and methanogen communities regardless of breed (p > 0.05). Holstein steers had higher ruminal pH and lower total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations than Jersey steers (p < 0.05). Methane production (g/d) and yield (g/kg dry matter intake) were higher in Jersey steers than in Holstein steers (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Methanosarcina and Methanobrevibacter olleyae were significantly higher in Holstein steers than in Jersey steers (p < 0.05). Overall, dietary organic trace minerals have no influence on enteric methane emissions in heat-stressed dairy steers; however, breed can influence it through selective alteration of the rumen methanogen community.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.118-131
• /
• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to provide essential data for the development of a prenatal healthcare intervention program tailored to Vietnamese migrant women. This study assessed the knowledge and the practice of prenatal health management, and the levels of depression among Vietnamese women of childbearing age residing in Korea and Vietnam. Methods: Using a descriptive research design, a structured questionnaire was administered to Vietnamese women of childbearing age, with 113 participants residing in Korea and 196 participants residing in Vietnam. Data was collected from Februay to April 2021. Data was analyzed using t-test and chi-square test. Result: The analysis of knowledge regarding prenatal health management revealed significant differences between married women in both locations, with higher knowledge scores. Regarding prenatal health management practices, no significant differences were found based on marital status or place of residence. Particularly in the item "Will receive regular prenatal check-ups at the hospital." married Vietnamese women in Vietnam had lower scores than unmarried women, and rural women had lower scores than urban women. The lowest score was observed among Korean-residing women in the item "Will seek pregnancy and childbirth information." Regarding depression, married women in Vietnam and women living in rural areas demonstrated significantly higher depression scores. Conclusion: When designing perinatal management interventions for Vietnamese immigrant women, special attention should be given to those originating from rural areas in Vietnam. It is recommended to incorporate the importance of perinatal healthcare and factors related to mental well-being into the intervention program.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.397-408
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of team-based learning(TBL) program on problem solving ability, self-directed learning and learning motivation of nursing students in a adult nursing course. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental study by using nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Participants were 132 nursing students consisting of each experiment group 66 and control group 66. The experiment group was provided TBL program for 2 hours per session during 6 sessions and control group was provided lecture. Data were collected by questionnaires from April 20 to June 19, 2018. Data was analyzed by a chi-square test, t-test and ANCOVA using IBM SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The mean scores of problem solving ability(F=9.179, p=.003), self-directed learning(F=7.447, p=.007) and learning motivation(F=7.974, p=.006) were significantly higher in experiment group than those in control group. Conclusion: TBL program in a adult nursing course was effective in problem solving ability, self-directed learning and learning motivation of nursing students.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.521-535
• /
• 2022

Efficient management of deteriorating civil infrastructure is one of the most important research topics in many developed countries. In particular, the remote displacement measurement of bridges using linear variable differential transformers, global positioning systems, laser Doppler vibrometers, and computer vision technologies has been attempted extensively. This paper proposes a remote displacement measurement system using closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs) and a computer-vision-based method for in-situ bridge bearings having relatively large displacement due to temperature change in long term. The hardware of the system is composed of a reference target for displacement measurement, a CCTV to capture target images, a gateway to transmit images via a mobile network, and a central server to store and process transmitted images. The usage of CCTV capable of night vision capture and wireless data communication enable long-term 24-hour monitoring on wide range of bridge area. The computer vision algorithm to estimate displacement from the images involves image preprocessing for enhancing the circular features of the target, circular Hough transformation for detecting circles on the target in the whole field-of-view (FOV), and homography transformation for converting the movement of the target in the images into an actual expansion displacement. The simple target design and robust circle detection algorithm help to measure displacement using target images where the targets are far apart from each other. The proposed system is installed at the Tancheon Overpass located in Seoul, and field experiments are performed to evaluate the accuracy of circle detection and displacement measurements. The circle detection accuracy is evaluated using 28,542 images captured from 71 CCTVs installed at the testbed, and only 48 images (0.168%) fail to detect the circles on the target because of subpar imaging conditions. The accuracy of displacement measurement is evaluated using images captured for 17 days from three CCTVs; the average and root-mean-square errors are 0.10 and 0.131 mm, respectively, compared with a similar displacement measurement. The long-term operation of the system, as evaluated using 8-month data, shows high accuracy and stability of the proposed system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2023

Recently, Heavy rains and super typhoons occurred by climate change cause a lot of damage in Korea. In order to reduce such damage, various types of river maintenance projects are being promoted, but it is difficult to maintain the balance of rivers in Korea with distinct flood and dry seasons. In particular, river structures installed as a river maintenance project cause various problems such as scouring of structures and their foundations during floods and river bed changes. In order to reduce such bed scour, various vanes are installed in the bend of the river, and various bed scour reduction effects appear depending on the size, arrangement, and shape of the vanes. The vane regenerates the secondary flow in the opposite direction to the secondary flow generated by the centrifugal force, thereby reducing scour around the outer bed and promoting deposition. The theory of this study uses the governing equation applying the continuity equation that satisfies the law of conservation of mass and the momentum equation that satisfies the conservation of momentum, and measures the overall average flow velocity change rate according to design factors to investigate the effect of vanes under various conditions. Both the average and cross-sectional flow velocities decreased in both the trapezoidal vane and the square vane. In addition, vanes installed perpendicularly or inclined to the direction of river flow generate a secondary flow in the opposite direction to the secondary flow generated by centrifugal force, thereby canceling the secondary flow of centrifugal force, so the effect of the vane appears.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.113-136
• /
• 2023

Purpose - Global production chains and their impacts on economic growth have drawn extensive attention from researchers. Close relationships among global production chains, export and economic growth have been illuminated, as evidenced by the fast and stable economic growth of East Asian economies. These economies perform various roles within global production chains using offshoring, in which the impact of import on domestic gross output is as strong as that of export. The impact of import on economic growth would depend on whether imported inputs substitute or complement domestic inputs production, which is likely to vary according to individual countries' functions within global production chains. The economic growth of concerned countries would also be diverse. However, little attention has been paid to the impact brought by imports compared to its significance. Design/methodology - The principal methodology used in this paper is structural decomposition analysis (SDA), widely chosen to elucidate the impact of various factors on domestic gross output using input-output tables. This paper extracts trade data of six Asian economies from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) 2016 release that covers 43 countries for the period 2000-2014. The extracted data is then categorised into 37 sectors. First, this paper calculates the Feenstra-Hanson Offshoring Index (OSI) of each country. It then applies SDA to measure the changes in each economy's gross output, export, import input coefficients, and domestic input coefficients. Finally, after taking the first difference from pooled time-series data, it estimates the correlations between imported input coefficients and OSI using the ordinary least square (OLS) method. Findings - The main findings of this paper can be summarised as follows. Firstly, all six countries have increasingly engaged in global production chains, as evidenced by the growing size of OSI. Secondly, there are negative correlations in five countries except Japan, with sectoral differences. Thirdly, changes in import input coefficients are not negative in all six countries, indicating that offshoring does not necessarily substitute for domestic inputs production but does complement it and, therefore, fosters their economic growth. This is observed in China, Indonesia, Korea and Taiwan. Offshoring has led to an increase in the use of imported inputs, which has, in turn, stimulated domestic inputs production in these countries. Originality/value - While existing studies focus on the role of export in evaluating the impact of participating global production chains, this paper explicitly examines the unexplored impact of import on domestic gross output by considering both the substitution and the complementary effect, using the WIOD. The findings of this paper suggest that Asian economies have achieved fast and stable economic growth not only through successful export management but also through effective import management within global production chains. This paper recommends that the Korean government and enterprises carefully choose offshoring strategies to minimise disruption to domestic production chains or foster them.