• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.382-386
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• 2000

This study was conducted to know the optimum conditions for overwinter culture of sweetpotato stems in PE film house. The stems will be used as transplant shoots in the next year instead of sprouts produced from storage roots. Sweetpotato stems were cut at field on harvest season and planted in PE film house under three different conditions of PE film mulching, tunnel, or mulching plus tunnel in comparison with the non-treatment of PE film on October 10 and November 10. The survival rate of sweetpotato stems, which was evaluated on April 10 after overwinter, was higher in the treatment planted on October 10 than that on November 10, and with PE film treatments, it was higher in tunnel or mulching plus tunnel than that of the non-treatment of PE film. The survival rate of sweetpotato stems to planting densities was 95-96% in 10$\times$2cm (333 stems/$m^2$) or in 10$\times$4cm (250 stems/$m^2$) when compared with 10$\times$2cm (500 stems/$m^2$). The survival rate under low temperature showed 95% until 20 days at 5$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, and 0% within 5 days at 2$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$. From these results, it was concluded that there were optimum conditions that cutting time is middle October, planting density is 10$\times$3cm, and minimum maintenance temperature is 5$^{\circ}C$ in growing conditions of sweetpotato stems. Root yield produced by trans-planting shoots using the stems was similar to yield by shoots produced from roots, and the survival rate was not different among varieties.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.296-302
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• 2005

We investigated changes in photosynthetic characteristics of P. davidiana in order to understand damage patterns to photosynthetic apparatus under drought stress. Root sprout saplings of P. davildiana were treated with $0\%,\;2\%,\;5\%,\;and\;10\%$ of 300ml polyethylene glycol (PEG) once a weer far one month. After one month, we measured photosynthetic parameters and analyzed the photochemical and $CO_2$ fixation systems. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and respiration rate in the leaves of P. davildiana decreased according to increasing stress strength. In the photochemical system, quantum yield of PSII was reduced by the increment of PEG concentration, The decrease of apparent quantum yield was related to reduction of electron transport. Respiration rate decreased with an increase in PEG concentration, whereas photorespiration rate in the $CO_2$ fixation system increased. In conclusion, photosynthesis of P. davidiana responded sensitively under drought stress, and the sensitivity depended upon the strength of water stress. P. davidiana exhibited an increase of water use efficiency under water stress.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.20
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

This study was conducted to obtain the information of varietal development using wild soybean through investigation of variation and heredity of major agronomic characters in $F_2$ generation of interspecific cross between Glycine max and G. soja. In segregating populations of two crosses, all characters observed except 100-seed weight showed transgressive segregation. Days to flowering showed normal distribution; mean days to flowering in $F_1$, and $F_2$ was approximately mean of parent. Mean of $F_1$ for 100-seed weight was 6.2g and 5.7g for Eunhakong/KLG10084 and Sohaegnamulkong/KLG10084, respectively, which were somewhat skewed distribution to small seeded parents. Mean seed yield of $F_2$ was about mean of two parents. Degree of vine was 6.4 and 5.7 in $F_1$ for two crosses but it was 6.0 in $F_2$ for Eonbakong/KLG10084, which revealed the degree of vine as partial dominance while 4.6 for Sobaegnamulkong/KLG10084, somewhat different results from the previous cross. Broad-sense heritability($h^2B$) for plant height, days to flowering, pods per plant, seed yield, and degree of vine was comparatively high and narrow-sense heritability($h^2B$) for 100-seed weight which is the moot important character in the development of small seed-size sprout soybean was 52.3% and 65.6% for Eunhakong/KLG10084 and Sohaegnamulkong/KLG10084, respectively, which indicated that selection for the character in early generation was possible.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.332-340
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to establish the optimal growth temperature and to select genetic resources for production of cowpea sprouts. Seowon was treated between $15^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ at intervals of $3^{\circ}C$ to investigate growth temperature. Twelve resources, including Seowon, IT154149, IT154153, Tvu7426, and Tvu7778, were used for cultivating sprouts at a temperature of $27^{\circ}C$. The yield ratio of cowpea sprouts was highest at $27^{\circ}C$ (657%), and was reduced when growth temperature was decreased. The hard seed rate was lower when the growth temperature was increased. Vitamin C content was highest at $24^{\circ}C$ (2.85 mg/g), ranged between 2.15 and 2.29 mg/g at other growth temperatures, and increased with the length of the growth period. The inorganic component content of cowpea sprouts did not vary based on growth temperature, while the amino acid content increased with increasing growth temperature between $15^{\circ}C$ and $24^{\circ}C$, and then subsequently decreased as growth temperature rose from $24^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$. IT154153 had the highest yield ratio of cowpea sprouts per genetic resource (647%), followed by Seowon (615%), and Tvu7426 (608%). Genetic resources with a higher yield ratio had smaller seeds, a thinner seed coat, and superior germinability. The inorganic components found at highest concentrations in the cowpea sprouts were potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron, molybdenum, and zinc (in that order). In comparison to raw seeds, the protein, calcium, zinc, molybdenum, and iron content in the cowpea sprouts was higher, while the content of aluminum and boron was lower.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.241-250
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• 1982

Time course of alkaline inorganic PPase activity with different parts of mung-bean sprout and some properties of partially purified enzyme from mung-bean leaves were investigated. The enzyme activity in leaf, root and cotyledon showed a tendency to increase at an early stage and then decrease gradually as germination continued. However, the crude homogenate of epicotyl showed the continuous decline of the enzyme activity but that of hypocotyl showed the continuous increase. In particular, the enzyme activity of leaf fraction was about 2-4 times as high as those of other fractions. The specific activity of the leaf enzyme was increased 86-fold, with a 23.9% yield, upon purification procedures. The purified enzyme from leaves had the Rm value of 0.35 and was not homogenous when judged by disc gel electrophoresis. Using tetrasodium pyrophosphate as a substrate, the apparent Km value for the partially purified enzyme was 0.89 mM. The enzyme was highly specific for $Mg^{2+}$ $CU^{2+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$ was also showed the activating effect of 56% and 55% with $Mg^{2+}$, respectively. However, $Ca^{2+}$), $Zn^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ acted as inhibitors for the enzyme. The pH optimum for the enzyme shifted from 9.0 to 8.0 as the concentration of $Mg^{2+}$ was increased. The enzyme from mun-bean leaf was the most active at $50^{\circ}C$ and considerably stable on heat.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1994

Eight varieties of soybeans grown in Korea were investigated to compare chemical composition, protein dispersibility index (PDI) and some properties of soybean sprouts and tofu. The range of protein contents was $37.80{\sim}40.43%$ where the Kyungdong 3 was the highest and Suwon 157 was the lowest, while the Bokwang was the lowest in lipid contents. The range of PDI was $71.6{\sim}95.3%$ where the Kyungdong 3 was the highest and Suwon 162 was the lowest. The Kyungdong 3, Suwon 160 and Suwon 162 were significantly fast in growth rate of soybean sprout roots and the 100% of germination. The Kyungdong 3 was the highest in tofu yield and Suwon 146 was the highest in hardness. The organoleptic properties of tofu showed that $L{\times}2.3$ and Suwon 162 was relatively high in cooked beany odor, while the Suwon 146 were the highest in elasticity and hardness. Even though Kyungdong 3 was found as the best for tofu and soybean sprouts processing, the black color of seed coat affected negatively on tofu color.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2006

Bottle cultivation was conducted to clarify varietal differences and physiological characteristics of oyster mushroom under different temperatures. Mushroom pinheading and yield in each temperature showed different results according to the strains. Specially, Weonhyeong3-ho could not sprout over $16.5^{\circ}C$, but after pinheading at $13^{\circ}C$, its fruitbody was able to grow normally at all tested temperatures. Sambok, a high temperature strain, sprouted at $10^{\circ}C$ and then withered up. Fruitbody of this strain obtained at $13^{\circ}C$ could not grow normally at $10^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ conditions. Colour of fruitbodies turned close to white at high temperature. On the other hand, at low temperature, strains with gray fruitbody changed close to black and those with brown fruitbody turned to dark brown. With regards to fruiting trait, pinheading aspects were good even at low temperature. Those were, however, uneven and sprouted in patches and resulted in low quality and productivity as the temperature increased. When black fruitbody at $13^{\circ}C$ were moved to $23^{\circ}C$ and then to $13^{\circ}C$ again, colour of fruitbody turned to white and then recovered to blackish gray. These results confirmed that the colour of fruitbody responds to cultivation temperature.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2017

The study was performed on the effects of crop load of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) trees on shoot growth, reserved nutrients, and fruit production for two years, as well as regrowth of cuttings treated with various cold temperatures in 2012 and 2013. Crop load adjustments included three levels of fruiting; 54 (60%), 90 (100%), and 126 fruits per tree (140%). As increasing crop load from 60% to 140%, water sprout growth decreased, and one-year old shoot resulted in declined concentrations of total carbon, macro-nutrients, and free sugar. The 140% of crop load greatly increased fruit yield of approximately 35 tons per ha in both 2011 and 2012 but slightly reduced weight, size, and soluble solid contents in fruit. However, 140% of crop load increased annual production income to approximately over 10 million won compared to the 60% and 100% of crop load. Germination rates in the cuttings did not rapidly decrease up to $-20^{\circ}C$ in a growth chamber condition. The 140% of crop load decreased germination rates less than 70% of cuttings grown under $-30^{\circ}C$. Amounts of electrolyte leakage in the cuttings under various cold temperatures were not significantly different among the adjustment of crop load.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.687-694
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the yield, antioxidant content, and antioxidant activity of adzuki beans according to germination time. Cultivated varieties were Vigna angularis var. Nipponensis cv. Chungju-pat (CJP), and Yeonduchae (YDC), and Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek cv. Dahyeon (DH). The moisture, crude protein, calcium, and magnesium contents of YDC significantly changed with increasing germination time, whereas potassium, natrium, and aluminium contents did not significantly change. Sprout yield, total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin contents of ethanolic extracts from adzuki and mung beans significantly increased with increasing germination time. Total polyphenol contents of ungerminated CJP, YDC, and DH were 1.96, 2.68, and 2.02 mg/g, and those of CJP and YDC germinated for 144 h were 3.33 and 3.47 mg/g, respectively. Total flavonoid content of adzuki beans substantially decreased with increasing germination time. Total tannin content substantially increased with increasing germination time, and YDC showed higher contents (0.85 mg/g) sample germinated for 120 h. DPPH radical scavenging activities of CJP and YDC substantially decreased with increasing germination time, whereas that of DH increased. ABTS radical scavenging activities of ungerminated CJP, YDC, and DH were 4.57, 6.51, and 2.82 mg/g, respectively, and increased after germination for 72~120 h.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2014

The changes of growth characteristics and antioxidant activity for selection of optimum germinated temperature on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Common beans (IT100888, IT102849, and IT231267) were cultivated at $20^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ during 5 days of germination. The range of whole length, hypocotyls length, thickness, abnormal germination and yield rate of sprouts was 7.27~27.62 cm, 3.10~18.86 cm, 1.80~2.27 mm, 5.54~18.34% and 205.95~ 618.71%, respectively. Antioxidant activities of common beans with germination temperature investigated. Common beans (IT100888, IT102849, and IT231267) germinated at $20^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ during 5 days, and then extracted with 80% ethanol, and analyzed for total polyphenol content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Total polyphenol content increased from 474 mg GA eq/100 g sample for IT231267 to 1364 mg GA eq/g sample for $23^{\circ}C$ of germination. DPPH radical scavenging activity of IT102849 increased from 189mg Trolox eq./100 g sample ($20^{\circ}C$) to 1073mg Trolox eq./100 g sample ($23^{\circ}C$) also ABTS radical scavenging activity of IT234267 increased from 479 mg Trolox eq./100 g sample ($20^{\circ}C$) to 1134 mg AA eq/100 g ($23^{\circ}C$). These results suggest that germination temperature for increasing antioxidant activities may be $23^{\circ}C$.