• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2018

Objectives: This study examined the impact of a smoke-free policy on indoor air quality at indoor recreation facilities by assessing $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations before and after the implementation of the new policy. Methods: Using real-time monitors, $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were measured in 50 billiard rooms and 50 golf simulator rooms in Seoul, Korea. The characteristics of the indoor recreation facilities, smoking status, and atmospheric conditions were recorded at the same time.After the enforcement of a smoke-free policy, $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, installation of smoking room, and smoking status were examined when the facilities were revisited. Results: Almost a half of the billiard rooms and over 80% of golf simulator rooms were located underground. Seventy percent of the billiard rooms and one hundred percent of the golf simulator rooms were equipped with a local exhaust ventilation system. After the implementation of the smoke-free policy, 46% of the billiard rooms and 20% of the golf simulator rooms newly installed a smoking room. In the billiard rooms with a newly-installed smoking room, the $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations decreased from 97.9 to $45.6{\mu}g/m^3$ after the implementation of the smoke-free policy. The same change of 29.0 to $ 26.3{\mu}g/m^3$ was not statistically significant in golf simulator rooms. Indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were correlated with outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, number of smokers, and number of people in the room. Conclusions: The smoke-free policy for indoor recreation facilities was not effective at making the indoor spaces free from second hand smoke. Although a few billiard rooms installed a smoking room, indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were still higher than those of outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ or atmospheric $PM_{2.5}$. Stricter enforcement of the smoke-free policy should be achieved to prevent secondhand smoke exposure.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.222-227
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in heart rate according to recovery methods after circuit weight training exercise. Fourteen men in their twenties were selected as subjects, and three sets of circuit weight training were performed by cycling six sports, and two recovery conditions (dynamic and static) were performed immediately after exercise. Changes in heart rate did not have an interactive effect according to recovery method and time, and both conditions showed significant changes between sets 1 and 2, and between sets 3 and after recovery. In this study, the high heart rate of 2 sets and 3 sets was seen as a result of exercise stimulation, and the low heart rate of 1 set was thought to be due to the decrease in vagus nerve activity rather than the role of catecholamines. On the other hand, the heart rate after 20 minutes of exercise did not show any difference according to the recovery method, which could mean that the recovery process due to the aquatic environment can act more strongly than the process of dynamic recovery and static recovery. It is thought that the characteristics affected the sensory and circulation of the body, and thus the change of the afferent signal and the level of metabolic products generated in the active muscle.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2021

Background and Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the change of total work and total work ratio for each set, peak heart rate during exercise, and blood lactate for each set during the 5-set bench press exercise at 75% one repetition maximum test (1-RM). Materials and Methods Seven men in their 20s with more than 6 months of experience doing resistance exercises were selected as subjects, and their 1-RM bench press was measured two weeks before the experiment and 75% 1-RM was measured one week before the experiment. In this study, total work was measured for each set, and heart rate was measured during rest and set-by-set exercise. Blood lactate was measured during rest time after each set. The raw data were analyzed by repeated one-way ANOVA. Results Total work and total work ratio decreased from 1 set to 4 sets (p < .05), p < .001), heart rate increased from stable at the start of exercise (p < .001) and decreased between 3 sets and 4 sets (p < .05). Blood lactate increased continuously up to 2 sets (p < .001, p < .01). Conclusion In conclusion, total work and heart rate decreased with muscle fatigue during exercise, and blood lactate continuously increased. The results of this study are expected to be useful references for constructing resistance exercise programs in the future.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2020

The ultimate goal of CSV activities is to increase consumer loyalty to the company, brand or organization concerned. Thus, for a professional sports club, CSV activities will ultimately aim to enhance the loyalty of spectators who are consumers of the club. Subjects of this study are the spectators of professional volleyball. We distributed 300 survey to people who were aware of the club's CSV activities among the home spectators of Hyundai Capital SkyWalkers. Data processing was performed using SPSS 23 and AMOS 18 for the analysis of confirmed factors, correlation analysis, reliability analysis, and structural equation model analysis. From these results, we were able to come up with the social problem resolution and long-term orientation among the CSV activities of professional volleyball clubs which affect the club identification. And the identification formed within the spectators of the clubs through CSV affects the club loyalty directly or through the medium of club emotion. Professional volleyball clubs need to identify the problems the community has in planning and proceeding with CSV activities and seek strategies to address them together, and approach them from a long-term oriented perspective.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.793-802
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of extreme heat on muscle function and muscle injury marker in elderly women. The subjects of this study were eight post-menopausal elderly women without any metabolic disease. All eight subjects were asked to perform the knee joint isokinetic exercise using isokinetic equipment (cybex) in the laboratory and experimental temperature within laboratory was adjusted to two conditions: extreme heat temperature(33±0.5℃) and normal temperature(20±0.5℃) maintained in 50±3% humidity conditions. Each experimental exercise was monitored and analyzed the change of HSP70, LDH and CK. Muscular functions (peak torque, total work, percentage of peak torque body weight, fatigue index, average power and total work) were significant differences at exercise between temperatural conditions (p<.05). In extreme heat temperature, muscular injury markers (HSP70, LDH and CK) were increased, threfore resulted in significantly higher than normal temperature(p<.05). These results show that extreme heat temperature can decrease muscle function in elderly women.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.801-810
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• 2016

The purpose of the study was to conduct a text mining examining keywords related to the National Paralympics and provide the fundamental information that would be used to change perception of people without disabilities toward disabilities and to promote the social participation of people with and without disabilities in the National Paralympics. Social big data regarding the National Paralympics were retrieved from news articles and blog postings identified by search engines, Naver, Daum, and Google. The data were then analysed using R-3.3.1 Version Program. The analysing techniques were cloud analysis, correlation analysis and social network analysis. The results were as follows. First, news were mainly related to game results, sports events, team participation and host avenue of the 33rd ~ 36th National Paralympics. Second, search results about the 33rd ~ 36th National Paralympics between Naver, Daum, and Google were similar to one another. Thirds, the keywrods, National Paralympics, sports for the disabled, and sports, demonstrated a high close centrality. Further, degree centrality and betweenness centrality were associated in the keywords such as sports for all, participation, research, development, sports-disabled, research-disabled, sports for all-participation, disabled-participation, sports for all-disabled, and host-paralympics.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 2023

This study was to find out the differences in self-esteem, body composition, and muscle strength of middle-aged women, and nine physical labor groups were selected as beautification workers at D University in Cheonan, and a total of 17 were selected as non-physical labor groups were 8 full-time housewives living in Cheonan. After selecting the subjects, the subjects arrived 30 minutes before the start of the experiment and completed the self-esteem questionnaire. After taking the stability, the measurement was carried out in the order of body composition, grip strength, and isokinetic muscle function, and the independent sample t-test was conducted. First, middle-aged women's self-esteem according to the type of physical labor was high in the physical labor group in relation to others among the sub-factors. Second, there was no significant difference in body composition according to the physical labor patterns of middle-aged women. Third, there was no significant difference in lower limb isokinetic muscular strength according to the types of physical labor of middle-aged women. Third, there was no significant difference in lower limb isokinetic muscular strength according to the types of physical labor of middle-aged women. The self-esteem according to physical labor is caused by the sense of belonging in the workplace, and the difference between body composition and muscular strength is insignificant. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a physical activity program to promote self-esteem due to aging and prevent physical deterioration regardless of occupation.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.405-416
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• 2019

This study aimed to identify the efficiency of short track-related sports injury prevention program consisted of muscle strength and neuromuscular training on non-contact injury incidence and characteristics in knee and ankle joints and low back for elite short track speed skaters. Twenty-five short track athletes who belonged to G-City Team were participated in this study from Nov. 2017 to Jul. 2018. Information on their sports injuries occurred were collected and injury prevention program was applied in their warm-up every training sessions and competition. Also their symptom-level of knee and ankle joint and low back were measured by using OSTRC overuse injury questionnaire and Cumberland ankle instability(CAIT). The injury incidence rate after application of prevention program was 2.79 injuries/1,000 hour exposures(HEs), which was lower than before (3.04 injuries/1,000HEs). The OSTRC score (30.89±28.34 and 23.84±23.61, respectively) in knee and low back after application of prevention program were lower than before (58.47±26.77 and 52.36±21.55, respectively), and the CAIT score (13.47±6.07) in ankle joint after application of program was higher than before (16.26±7.28), which means that their symptom-level was alleviated with sports injury prevention program. In conclusion, the sports injury prevention program designed for short track's motion and characteristic can have positive influences on the occurrence of non-contact injury for short track speed skaters.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.111-121
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was 1) to investigate professional sports fans' perception of immigrants and changes of athletes' nationalities, and 2) to examine how the fans' perception affected the perception of changes of athletes' nationalities. Results indicated that first the fan showed a neutral attitude toward the immigrants. In the results of the regression analysis containing foreign athletes naturalized as Korean citizens as the dependent variable, independent variables (i.e., gender and acceptance) explained 39.1% and 38% of the dependent variable, respectively, within [naturalization positive]. Within [naturalization negative] female fan and exclusive perception of immigrants positively predicted the objection to changes of athletes' nationalities. Lastly, in the results of the regression analysis containing Korean athletes who naturalized as foreign citizens as the dependent variable, fans who were older and rated higher on exclusive perception of immigrants had more negative perception of the dependent variable. Female fans perceived changes of athletes nationalities as personal choice.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.439-452
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to criticize the sport culture of babyboom generation women in Korea society. In the traditional society with Confucianism dominating, women were told to walk in small strides with modesty, keep footsteps narrower than the size of foot and never run frivolously. But in the modern society, many middle aged women-babyboom generation who was born in 1955-1963 and the first generation was served high level education engaged to enjoy various physical activities. For this study, there is a important method to analysis through three oral history interviews. It can be seen the cultural context in the result of sport as a play, restricted P·E class, forced motive-a good motherhood, survival fitness and ready for later life. These results will can be founded as a reality of dynamic relations and provided implications about founding the important of women voice and creating important data for people who want to be engaged in sports as a physical activities.