• 제목/요약/키워드: Sponge iron

검색결과 19건 처리시간 0.028초

Iron storage disease (ISD) with concurrent hepatic lipidosis (HL) in a mynah (Gracula spp.)

  • Lee, So-Young;Yoo, Jong-Hyun;Park, Chul;Kang, Byeong-Teck;Kim, Dae-Young;Park, Hee-Myung
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.489-492
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    • 2008
  • An 8-year-old male mynah (Gracula spp.) was presented for depression, anorexia, and respiratory distress. The patient's diet consisted of sponge cake and yogurt alone. Physical examination revealed high body condition score (4/5), abdominal distention, and severe orthopnea. Hepatomegaly was observed on abdominal radiographs. The patient died 4 h after presentation, and severe hepatomegaly was observed at necropsy. Based on histopathological findings, the bird was definitively diagnosed with iron storage disease with concurrent hepatic lipidosis.

분말야금을 위한 타이타늄 제련기술 현황 (Current Status of Titanium Smelting Technology for Powder Metallurgy)

  • 손호상
    • 한국분말재료학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.164-172
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    • 2021
  • Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and is the fourth most abundant structural metal after aluminum, iron, and magnesium. It exhibits a higher specific strength than steel along with an excellent corrosion resistance, highlighting the promising potential of titanium as a structural metal. However, titanium is difficult to extract from its ore and is classified as a rare metal, despite its abundance. Therefore, the production of titanium is exceedingly low compared to that of common metals. Titanium is conventionally produced as a sponge by the Kroll process. For powder metallurgy (PM), hydrogenation-dehydrogenation (HDH) of the titanium sponge or gas atomization of the titanium bulk is required. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted on smelting, which replaces the Kroll process and produces powder that can be used directly for PM. In this review, the Kroll process and new smelting technologies of titanium for PM, such as metallothermic, electrolytic, and hydrogen reduction of TiCl4 and TiO2 are discussed.

부소산성 출토 고대 철기유물에 대한 금속학적 연구 (Metallugical Study on the Iron Artifaets Ecavated from Buso Sangong)

  • 임선기;강대일;문환석;박동규;강성군
    • 보존과학연구
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    • 통권13호
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    • pp.37-58
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    • 1992
  • Iron artifacts from Busǒ Sansǒng inffered to late Baikjae periodwere studied on the aspects of metallugy. These materials were the largest size ever since excavated. From the analytical results these artifacts were found to be pureiron system without impurities or hypo-eutectoid steel system in below 0.3% in carbon contents. From the content of phosphorus in the range of 0.03∼0.05% as aim purity it was shown that charcoal were used for making these iron artifacts from sponge iron not fusion method. By observing metallugical structure it was found that iron artifacts was manufactured by repetitive folding and hammering forging method and some by heating method for adding carbon with cool water. This method were to improve the quality of the soften steel to harden one. In addition to those above repetitive hammering method eliminated the nonferrous materials such as slag inclusion and remained relatively pure ferrite.

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A study on Titanium Hydride Formation of Used Titanium Aircraft Scrap for Metal Foaming Agents

  • Hur, Bo-Yong;Ahn, Duck-Kyu;Kim, Sang-Youl;Jeon, Sung-Hwan;Park, Su-Han;Ahn, Hyo-Jun;Park, Chan-Ho;Yoon, Ik-Sub
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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    • pp.209-212
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    • 2001
  • Aircraft industry is developed very fast so titanium scrap was generated to manufacture. Titanium scrap was wasted and used to deoxidize cast iron so we are study recycling of it. In this research were studied that metal hydride of reacted in hydrogen chamber of AMS4900, 4901, return scrap titanium alloy and sponge titanium granule. The temperature of hydrogenation was 40$0^{\circ}C$ in the case of pure sponge titanium but return scrap titanium alloy were step reaction temperature at 40$0^{\circ}C$ and 50$0^{\circ}C$, and after the hydride of titanium alloy were crushed by ball mill for 5h. Titanium hydride contains to 4wt.% of hydrogen theoretically as theory. It was determined by heating and cooling curve in reaction chamber. The result of XRD was titanium hydride peak only that it was similar to pure titanium. Titanium hydride Powder particle size was about 45${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and recovery ratio was 95w% compared with scrap weight for a aluminum foam agent.

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유물분석 자료를 통한 백제지역의 제철과 철기 제작기술 연구 (A Study on Iron Manufacturing and Technology through Analysis Reports of Iron artifacts in the Baekje Area)

  • 김수기
    • 보존과학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.335-343
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    • 2014
  • 현재까지 분석된 백제지역 출토 철기 유물의 금속미세조직과 비금속개재물 분석 자료들을 한강, 금강, 영산강 유역권으로 분류하여 조업 온도를 추정하고 제강 및 열처리 기술을 지역적 시대별 특성을 조사하였다. 세 지역 모두 시대에 관계없이 고체저온환원으로 괴련철이나 해면철이 주 제철 방법으로 판단된다. 비금속개재물의 산화물 삼원상태도로 재해석한 결과 로내 온도는 $1,100{\sim}1,300^{\circ}C$ 정도에서 조업하였던 것으로 추정된다. 철광석은 자철광석이 주원료이며, $TiO_2$가 높은 것들은 사철을 사용하였던 것으로 보인다. $CaO/SiO_2$의 비율이 0.4 이상인 유물들은 석회질의 융제를 인위적으로 넣었던 것으로 판단된다. 제강은 저탄소강을 단야로에서 숯으로 가열할 때 나오는 CO, $CO_2$ gas로 침탄시키는 고체 침탄강임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 의도적으로 필요 부분의 강도를 높이는 침탄작업과 담금질을 하였던 것으로 보아 3세기에는 백제지역의 철기제작자들은 열처리 기술을 인지하고 있었다.

타이타늄의 리사이클링 기술 현황 (Current Status of Titanium Recycling Technology)

  • 손호상
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.26-34
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    • 2021
  • 타이타늄은 구조용 금속 중 알루미늄, 철, 마그네슘에 이어서 네 번째로 풍부한 금속이지만, 금속으로의 제련이 어려워 희소금속으로 분류되고 있다. 특히 타이타늄의 제련공정은 에너지 다소비형 공정이다. 타이타늄 스크랩으로 잉곳을 제조하면 에너지 소비량과 CO2 발생량을 약 95 %까지 절감할 수 있다. 그러나 스크랩 중의 철분과 산소 등의 불순물을 제거하기 어려워 리사이클링 되는 양은 한정되어 있다. 일반적으로 고품위 타이타늄 스크랩은 순타이타늄 스펀지의 재용해 공정에 투입하여 희석하고, 저품위 스크랩은 페로타이타늄 제조용 원료로 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 타이타늄의 리사이클링 기술을 이해하기 위해 타아타늄의 제련기술과 리사이클링 기술에 대하여 고찰하였다.

스크랩 불순물이 Zr 합금의 미세조직 및 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Scrap Impurities on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Zr Alloys)

  • 정구범;김인원;송재숙;신평우;홍순익
    • 한국주조공학회지
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.81-87
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    • 2016
  • In this study, the effect of scrap ratio on the mechanical properties of Zr alloys was studied. Oxygen content in the ingot cake increased rapidly with increasing fraction of scrap, which can be attributed to the surface oxide of scrap including small pieces of turning, chips, etc. Iron content did not increase much with the increasing addition of scrap, suggesting scrap materials was well reserved in the iron-free container. As-cast structure of Zr alloy with the scrap:sponge ratio displayed plate/or needle ${\alpha}$ phase and no appreciable change of the cast structure was observed with change of scrap fraction. The strength increases with increasing fraction of scrap, which can be attributed to the increase of oxygen content. The ductility decreased slightly with increase of scrap fraction. Dislocation-oxygen interaction is known to increase the strength at the expense of ductility. Ingot cake with intentionally added $Fe_2O_3$ exhibited the drastic decrease of the formability, even exhibited the brittle fracture behavior during rolling. The oxidation resistance, however, increased with the increase of scrap fraction because of high oxygen content, which may prevent more penetration and diffusion of oxygen into matrix.

폐자동차 파쇄를 통한 주요구성물질의 분리 및 분석평가 (Analysis and Separation of Constituent Materials of Old Car by Shredding Process)

  • 이화영;오종기;김성규
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.11-16
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    • 2002
  • 폐자동차 파쇄를 통한 주요구성물질의 분리 및 분석평가를 위한 현장실험을 수행하였다. 모재인 폐자동차 차피로는 국내 자동차 업체에서 제작한 Sonata II, Sephia 및 Prince의 3종을 선택하여 엔진부분과 타이어 및 문짝 등을 미리 제거하고 압축된 상태로 제공받았다. 현장설비의 주요 공정은 pre- 및 main-shredder, 분급기, 자선기, 와류선별기 및 수작업 분리로 구성되어 있었다. shredder 산물의 현장 분리실험결과 철 스크랩이 전체의 60.1%를 차지하여 가장 비중이 높았으며, 알루미늄, 구리 및 아연 등의 비철금속류는 약 2% 정도인 것으로 나타났다. Light fluff는 fluff 전체 중량의 90% 정도를 차지하는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 5cm undersize 가 70.5%로써 대부분이었고 나머지는 플라스틱, 섬유 및 스폰지 등으로 구성되어 있었다 heavy fluff의 경우에는 고무와 플라스틱이 주구성물질인 것으로 나타났으며, 발열량의 경우 플라스틱이 10,000 cal/gr을 상회하여 가장 높았고 가죽과 고무류가 각각 10.3 및 2.55 wt%의 비교적 높은 CI함량을 보였다.

현대회화에서 드러난 해체의 형식론에 관한 연구 -타의적 해체와 자의적 해체의 성격규정을 중심으로- (A study of the destructive styles from Contemporary Paintings - Focused on distinguishing enmity-destruction and self-destruction -)

  • 박기웅
    • 조형예술학연구
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    • 제7권
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    • pp.5-63
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    • 2005
  • Generally, the meanings of destruction are related in the meaning of demolition, breakdown, into fragments ... and so on, and the similar meanings are twist, crush, demolish, split, cut, into pieces , break up ... etc. Further, it has related in the cruelty and destructive heart which are linked with orgy, Sadism, Necrophilia and so on. The meanings are also expressed by the initial , which are deprivation, deface, defame, deform, degrade, delegitimize, denounce , deride, destroy, devalue, as well as debase, debunk, declaim, declassify, decry, delete, denigrate, deprecate, despise or detract ...and so on. Dario Gamboni has discussed the meaning in his book as two categories Iconoclasm and Vandalism. And the similar meanings could be found in the words which has the initial of , like abase, abate, abhor, abjure, abolish, abridge, abuse ...and so on. Even though the distinct meanings of Iconoclasm and Vandalism, it is not easy to distinguish clearly between the differences when the results are accomplished in contemporary paintings because of the similarity of the results. In korean vocabulary there are no similar words to distinguish between the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, and the deconstruction is not recorded in the general dictionaries. However the meaning of is diminishing, separation, contrast and so on. So the unification of the word as do-construction is not construct, minus construction, reverse construction. And Vincent Ditch explained that there are the meaning of destroy the text. From Jacques Derrida, the deconstruction strategy is to criticise the world of traditional metaphysics and logocentrism, and not to reconstruire the philosophical meaning of texts but $d\'{e}construire$ them. And Saussure emphasized that the signifers could have more meaning that there can be more signified in traditional texts in the art. as a result, deconstruction is explained that there are many signified meanings in a signifer. In this thesis , from using the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, to distinguish the expressive skills in contemporary art works are arising. Therefore, special methods which are linked in the destruction styles are selected. As a result, the two different purposes of destruction is arising, one is enmity destruction and the other is self destruction another word, auto destruction or destruction to create The enmity destruction can be distinguished by the two category Iconoclasm and Vandalism. They come from the moment of different historical aspect is arising and want to attack the Icon or masterpiece this concept is from the study of John Philips and especially iconoclasm is linked with religious and artistic heart, but Vandalism is come from the political attack. Sometime, this distinguish is not clearly arising, because the two aspects are co-related in the attack. As a result, firstly, the Iconoclastic controversy had arisen in the methods of Dadaism which has developed by Man Ray, Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp. They want to attack the pre-established master-pieces and painting spaces, and they had 'non-artistic attitude' not to be art. Since 1980, the German artist Anselm Kiefer adapted the methods and made them his special skills so he had tried to paint tough brush strokes and draw with hugh pallette image line and fire and water images , they can be the image attack as the Iconoclasm. secondly, the model of vandalism is to be done by hammer, drill, canon and so on. the method is to attack the content of painting. Further, the object of destruction is bound by cords and iron lings to demolish or to declare the authority of pre-statues; it symbolize the pre-authority is gone already. Self-destruction based paintings are clearly different in the purpose of approaching the art work. First of all, they can be auto-destruction, creative destruction and metamorphosis destruction, which is linked with the skill the material aspect and basic stature, and sign destruction or signifier destruction, which is link with the inner meaning destruction that is considered as the Semiotical destruction in post-modern paintings. Since 1960, the auto destruction is based on the method of firing, melting, grinding and similar skills, which is linked with Neo-Dada and reverse-assemblage. Metamorphosis destruction is strongly linked with the basic inner heart price and quality, so it can be resulted in the changedness of expectation and recognition. Tony Cragg has developed the skills to metamorphose the wood as stone or iron as cloth and stone as sponge and rubber and so on. The researcher has developed the same style in the series of since 2003. The other self-destructive methods are found in the skill of sign destruction. In the methods the meaning of the art is not fixed as one or two, but is developed multi-meaning and differ from original starting situation, so Jacques Derrida called the difference meaning in deconstruction. It is the destruction of textes. These methods are accomplished by David Salle, Francesco Clemente, and recently Tracy Emin, who has developed the attacking heart in the spectators' emotion. Sometime in the method of self-destruction, it is based on horror and shock, the method is explored by Demian Hirst and Jakes and Dinos Chapman. Their destructive styles stimulate ambivalent heart and destroy original sign of girl and animals.

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