• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2007

비태인이 산란계의 면역 반응에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위하여 in vitro와 in vivo 시험을 시행하였다. 처리구당 18수씩 총 72수를 공시하였고, 비태인 0, 300, 600, 1,200 ppm 수준으로 산란계 사료에 첨가 급여하였다. 시험결과, in vitro 시험에서 비장 림프구 증식은 비태인 만을 처리하였을 때에는 증식 반응은 일어나지 않았으나 Con A와 PWM을 처리하였을 때 증식 반응은 현저하게 증가하였다. 또한 Con A만을 처리했을 때보다 Con A와 비태인을 동시에 처리했을 때 반응성이 현저하게 증가하였다. 그러나 PWM과 비태인을 동시에 처리했을 때는 PWM만을 처리했을 때와 비교해서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 사료에 비태인을 첨가 급여한 in vivo시험에서 Con A의 자극에 대한 비장 림프구 증식반응은 비태인의 첨가 수준에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 1,200 ppm 급여구에서는 대조구에 비하여 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 경향은 Con A와 함께 비태인(0.1 mM)을 처리했을 때도 동일하게 나타났다. PWM의 자극에 대한 반응은 Con A에 비하여 약하게 나타났으며 비태인 급여 수준에 따른 차이도 적게 나타났다. 비태인을 급여한 산란계 비장의 무게에서 처리구간에 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 비태인 첨가구는 대조구에 비하여 전체적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 비태인 300 ppm 첨가구가 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 비태인을 수준별로 급여하여 SRBC 항체가를 조사한 결과에서도 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 본 시험의 결과, 비태인의 처리는 in vivo 상에서 Con A로 비장 림프구의 증식을 유도한 경우 유의하게 비장 림프구의 증식을 증가시켰다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1999

To study the nature of differentially manifested adaptive response of an organism according to the intensities of the stress, the immune effects of different levels of repeated hypoxia were investigated. Four experimental groups (NH : not -handled, 20% : handled, 15% or 10% : exposed to 15% or 10% $\textrm{O}_2$ 씨오투 with balanced nitrogen, respectively) of mice were exposed to different levels of hypoxia for 60 min/day, 5days/week in a repeated and intermittent manner. After 8 weeks' exposure to hypoxia environment, mice were subjected to immune function measurements, A decreased proportion of CD3+ CD8 phenotype cells in the study of splenocyte subsets was observed in the 10% group. Ovalbumin-stimulated IgG2a production was increased in the 15% group, while no changes were noted in the IgGl and IgM production. No significant changes of the antigen-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and the natural killer cell cytotoxicity were found. These results show that the stress effects on the immune systems can be varied according to the strength of the stress and that a mild level of repeated hypoxic stress can enhance the immune function of mice in this experimental model.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2007

In vitro를 통한 혼합시료의 물 추출물과 에탄올 추출물을 시료로 사용하였고, 마우스 비장세포 증식능 및 활성 복강 대식세포에서 분비하는 사이토카인(IL-1 ${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$)의 분비능을 측정하였다. 그 결과 혼합시료의 물 추출물과 에탄올 추출물 모두 5${\sim}$250 ${\mu}$g/ml의 농도로 첨가했을 때 세포증식을 촉진하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 물 추출물인 경우 고농도인 1,000 ${\mu}$g/ml에서, 에탄올 추출물인 경우는 500${\sim}$1,000 ${\mu}$g/ml 이상의 고농도 첨가시 세포증식이 억제되는 효과를 보였다. 복강 대식세포의 사이토카인 분비량을 측정한 결과, 혼합 물 추출물과 에탄올 추출물 모두에서 대조군보다 높은 분비량을 보였다. IL-1${\beta}$ 생성량 검색 결과, 물 추출물 투여군 10 ${\mu}$g/ml 농도 첨가에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 분비능을 보여주었고, 에탄올 추출물을 10 ${\mu}$g/ml와 100 ${\mu}$g/ml 첨가시에도 대조군보다 높은 분비량을 보였다. IL-6의 결과에서도, 물 추출물 10 ${\mu}$g/ml을 첨가했을 때 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 분비량을 보였고, TNF-${\alpha}$의 경우, 물 추출물의 10 ${\mu}$g/ml와 100 ${\mu}$g/ml의 농도에서 대조군에 비해 높은 TNF-${\alpha}$ 분비능을 보였다. 이상의 결과에 따르면, 혼합 물 추출물이 비장세포 증식능과 복강 대식세포에 의한 사이토카인 분비능을 상승시킴으로서 면역 기관의 주요 기능을 증진시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2020

Objectives : This study was to examine the effects of 3 types of BTS which were excluded talcum only or replaced talcum to Lonicera japonicae Flos or Kochiae Fructus on the DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in mice. Methods : In this study, Balb/c mice were divided into five groups: normal, control, GBT(BTS except talcum), GBTG(GBT added Lonicera japonicae Flos), and GBTJ(GBT added Kochiae Fructus). And the effects on atopic dermatitis were evaluated by weight change, ear's thickness and weight, thickness of dorsal skin, severity scale of dorsal skin, histopathologic findings of dorsal skin by H&E and toluidine blue stain, proliferation of splenocyte and thymocyte in vitro, proliferation of splenocyte in vivo, IL-4, TNF-α, IgE in serum. Results : There were no significantly changes in body weight and effect of ear's weight in GBT, GBTG, and GBTJ group. The thickness of ear of GBT and GBTJ group showed significant decrease. And the thickness of dorsal skin of GBTJ group significantly decreased compared to the control, GBT, and GBTG group. All the treated groups significantly decreased in severity scale, histopathologically reduced epidermal thickness, and mast cell infiltration. In vitro, all the treated groups increased in the proliferation rates of splenocyte. However, in vivo study, it showed a falling tendency and GBT group significantly decreased compared to control, GBTG, and GBTJ group. In vitro study, GBTG group significantly decreased in the proliferation rates of thymocyte. There was no IgE contents chnage in GBT, GBTG, and GBTJ groups but IL-4 and TNF-α contents were significantly decreased. Conclusions : GBT, GBTG, and GBTJ are expected to improve symptoms of atopic dermatitis and further studies are needed for development of BTS's transformation.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

Objective : Astragali Radix (AR) and Cinnamomi Cortex (CC) are used to enhance immune response in Asian traditional medicine. Immuno-potentiation of the combination of AR and CC were evaluated on the cellular and humoral immune response using murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and OVA-immunized mice. Methods : This study was designed to investigate the immuno-potentiative effects of AR, CC, and AR with CC on nitric oxide synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells and proliferation and production levels of Intereukin-2 (IL-2) in mouse splenocytes. In addition, we evaluated the plasma-specific antibody responses and splenocyte proliferation on ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice treated with herbal extracts. Results : Combination treatment with AR and CC increased nitric oxide synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells and IL-2 level in splenocytes (p<0.001). Combination of AR and CC significantly enhanced the Concanavalin A- (Con A ; T cell mitogen) and lipopolysaccharide-(LPS ; B cell mitogen) induced splenocyte proliferation on the OVA-immunized mice. Combination of AR and CC also significantly enhanced plasma levels of OVA-specific IgG (p<0.01), IgG1 (p<0.05) and total IgM (p<0.01) compared with the OVA-immunized control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that combination of AR and CC could be used as therapeutic profile on activation of immune response.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.206-217
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The immunomodulatory effect of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has been reported, but studies on its mechanism are still lacking. This study was undertaken to confirm whether the hydrolyzed and fermented PG extract (HFPGE) obtained by adding hydrolysis and fermentation to the extraction process has an immune-enhancing effect in the in vivo system. MATERIALS/METHODS: Five-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups: normal control group (NOR), control group (CON), 150 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day HFPGE-treated group (T150), and 300 mg/kg BW/day HFPGE-treated group (T300). The mice were administered HFPGE for 4 weeks and intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide (CPA, 80 mg/kg BW/day) on day 6, 7, and 8, respectively, to induce immunosuppression. The levels of immunoglobulins (Igs) and cytokines were measured in the serum. In splenocytes, proliferation and cytokine levels were measured. RESULTS: Serum IgA, IgG, and IgM levels were observed to decrease after CPA treatment, which was recovered by HFPGE administration. The levels of serum interleukin (IL)-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-8, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were also decreased after exposure to CPA but increased after HFPGE administration. Decreased splenocyte proliferation was seen in CPA-treated mice, but was observed to increase in the T150 and T300 groups as compared to the NOR group. Compared to the CON group, splenocyte proliferation stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the HFPGE-treated groups was significantly increased. The cytokines secreted by ConA-stimulated splenocytes (IL-2, IL-12, interferon-γ, TNF-α) were increased in the T150 and T300 groups, and cytokines secreted by LPS-stimulated splenocytes (IL-4, IL-8, TGF-β) were also increased by HFPGE administration. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that HFPGE stimulates the immunity in immunosuppressed conditions, thereby enhancing the immune response. Therefore, it is expected that HFPGE has the potential to be used as functional food and medicine for immune recovery in various immunocompromised situations.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1481-1486
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• 2009

The immunomodulating effect of Salicornia herbacea polysaccharides on BALB/c mice splenocytes was investigated. Crude (CS) and fine polysaccharide (PS) extracts with potential biological activity were prepared from S. herbacea. For in vitro experiments, splenocytes and separated T cells were treated with CS and PS (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL). For in vivo experiments, the CS and PS were orally administered to BALB/c mice every day for 2 weeks. For basic data analysis, physiological parameters were recorded. Cell proliferation of splenocytes and T cells was used as an index for immunomodulating activity. The proliferation of splenocytes and separated T cells was 3.2 and 3.5 times higher than the control, respectively. Moreover, when splenocytes were treated with mitogen, the highest proliferation rate was observed in splenocytes cultured with PS. Interestingly, the stimulative activity of PS was more strongly exerted through $CD4^+$ T cells than through $CD8^+$ T cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.225-235
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• 2006

Although it has traditionally known that deer antler and medicinal herbs extract contain some functional components for health promotion, the nutritional significance remains to be elucidated. This study examined the efficacy of deer antler extract (DA) , medicinal herbs extract (MH) and their mixture (DAMH) on serum IGF-I, bone growth with growing rats in vivo and splenocyte proliferation with spleen cells in vitro. Three week-old young female rats (Sprague-Dawley) were divided into 4 groups and then fed basal diet (AIN-93G) or experimental diets containing DA, MH, DAMH, respectively, for 7 weeks. We collected blood, liver, kidney, spleen, femur and tibia from rats. There was no significant difference in weight gain, but food intake increased in DA- and MH-fed groups. There were no signs of liver and kidney damage in the DA, MH and DAMH-fed groups compared to basal diet group. In femur and tibia, wet weights: breaking forces and bone minerals (Ca, Mg and Zn) were significantly higher in the DA-fed group than in the other groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) , bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) activities were significantly lower in the DA, MH, DAMH-fed groups than in basal diet group. Also, serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations were significantly increased in DA-fed group compared to the other groups. Therefore DA was shown to have an activity of bone growth promotion by increasing the IGF-I, a major bone growth factor. The deer antler extract showed an enhanced immune action on the primary cultured-cells from spleen of rats, representing that splenocytes were proliferated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not by concanavalin A (Con A). These results indicate that deer antler extract has beneficial effects on bone growth via IGF-I and on splenocyte activation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.662-670
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• 2006

It is well documented that an extract of European mistletoe has a variety of biological effects, such as the stimulation of cytokine production from immune cells, and additional immunoadjuvant activities. While the European mistletoe has been studied intensively, we know less about Korean mistletoe as a therapeutic plant, especially as a possible immunomodulating drug. This study will investigated the effects of Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album L. var. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) on murine splenocytes to investigate whether VCA acts as an immunomodulator, which could lead to improved immune responses in these cells. The results showed that VCA inhibited cell proliferation at higher concentrations (at 1-8 ng/ml) and enhanced cell proliferation at lower concentrations (at 4-32 pg/ml). Further studies were carried out to determine if the pro-proliferative or anti-proliferative activity exhibited by VCA was correlated with cytokine secretion. Consequently, interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$ secretion was decreased in concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated murine splenocytes by VCA (4-64 ng/ml), but there was no change in IL-4 levels. This suggests that VCA has the ability to modulate murine splenocyte proliferation and can possibly act on the balance of Th1/Th2 cellular immune responses.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.636-641
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• 2013

감잎으로부터 새로운 생리활성 다당 소재를 개발하기 위하여 감잎의 열수추출물로부터 다당획분 PLW-0, pectinase 처리 추출물로부터 다당획분 PLE-0를 분리하여 정상 및 면역 억제 동물모델에서 면역자극활성을 측정하였다. 감잎 유래 다당체들은 정상모델에서 마우스의 면역기관인 비장과 흉선의 무게를 증가시켰으며, 비장세포 유래 림프구의 증식에 농도 의존적으로 증식활성을 보였는데, pectinase 처리 다당 획분 PLE-0의 활성이 열수추출 다당 획분 PLW-0에 비해 전체적으로 높은 활성을 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 CY에 의해 면역이 억제된 동물모델에서도 CY처리에 의해 저하된 임파구 증식, NK 세포 활성 및 백혈구 수를 현저하게 증가시켰다. 이러한 면역억제 극복 활성 역시 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으나 PLE-0가 PLW-0에 비해 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. CY는 악성 종양의 치료 및 장기이식 후 나타나는 거부반응의 억제제로 사용되고 있는 대표적인 약물로 알려져 있다. 그러나 CY의 비선택적인 독성으로 인해 암세포뿐만 아니라 정상세포에도 독성을 나타내어 백혈구 수 감소, 혈소판 감소, 빈혈 등과 같은 부작용을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 최근에는 이와 같은 부작용이나 면역독성을 최소화 할 수 있는 물질을 발굴하고자 하는 연구가 이루어지고 있는데, 본 실험의 결과로부터 감잎 유래 다당체는 정상모델에서의 면역자극 및 CY에 의해 초래된 면역억제를 감소시킴으로써 면역조절제로서의 개발가능성을 제시해 줄 수 있다고 생각된다. 또한 pectinase 처리 다당 PLE-0가 열수추출 다당 PLW-0에 비해 비교적 높은 활성을 보인 것을 감안해 보았을 때 효소처리가 감잎 유래 다당의 활성증가에 도움을 준다는 것을 확인하였다.