• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.779-784
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• 1996

The spinel/cubic stabilized zirconia composites were fabricated via, The reaction sintering of monoclinic zirco-nia(baddeleyite) added with MgAl powder. During heating Mg and Al were oxidizedfirst and subsequently the oxides formed spinel (MgAl2O4) and finally remained MgO stabilized the zirconia, Because the oxides formed during the oxidation process would have very fine grain size (order of submicron) mainly due to the effects of attrition milling the reaction sintering was more effective in densification and improvement of strength and fracture toughness than conventional sintering with direct addition of MgO. The sintering behavior phase transformation during firing and mechanical properties of sintered body were investigated with emphasis on the relations between spinel formation due to MgAl addition and sintering and mechanical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.214-219
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• 2008

The zirconia ceramics are widely used because of their excellent mechanical properties. Recently, many researches to make a colored zirconia was achieved to satisfy the individual aesthetic requirements. In this study, the synthesis of black-color spinel-based inorganic pigments which are stable above $1400^{\circ}C$ and the fabrication of black-colored zirconia using the synthesized pigments are investigated. Inorganic pigments which have spinel structure and near black color were synthesized by a solid state reaction method using a $Fe_2O_3,\;Cr_2O_3$, CoO and NiO powder as a starting materials at $1600^{\circ}C$. Most of synthesized pigments were black colored spinel phases and single spinel phase was successfully synthesized at the composition range of $Cr_2O_3:25{\sim}35%,\;Fe_2O_3:45{\sim}55%$, CoO:20% and NiO:$6{\sim}10%$. The black-colored zirconia was fabricated at $1410^{\circ}C$ with the 5 wt% synthesized pigments and their properties were evaluated. The results showed that the strength value was more than 848 MPa, absorption rate was 0.1%, the brightness of color was $L^*:40{\sim}42$, the tone of color is $a^*:0.2{\sim}0.8$ and $b^*:-1.1{\sim}2.4$. As a result, the black-colored zirconia was suitable for a artificial jewelry or decoration zirconia goods.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1028-1034
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• 2002

Spinel/zirconia-glass composites prepared by melt-infiltration were fabricated to investigate the effect of zirconia addition on mechanical and optical properties of the composites. The infiltration distance was parabolic with respect to time as described by the Washburn equation and the penetration rate constant, K, decreased due to the reduction in pore size as the amount of zirconia rose. Although the optimum strength(308 MPa) of the Spinel/zirconia-glass composites was observed when the zirconia was added up to 20 wt%, K and transmittance decreased as the zirconia content rose. In conclusion, it suggested that the positive effect of strength as a result of the addition of zirconia was not effective.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.44 no.5 s.300
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• pp.160-165
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• 2007

This research studied the most suitable synthesis condition of mineral pigments of black spinel, which have a stable chromogenic characteristic also ata high temperature of $1400^{\circ}C$ (it is not currently producedin the country) to meet not only functionality of ceramics but also an individual's aesthetic. It was synthesized by the plastic synthetic method on the basis of basic formation of $Fe_2O_3,\;Cr_2O_3$, Quartz, Kaolin, CoO, $MnO_2$, and plasticity was made at $1500^{\circ}C,\;1550^{\circ}C,\;1600^{\circ}C,\;1650^{\circ}C$. We researched the most suitable condition of plasticity and composition which make crystallization of spinel system and chromogenic characteristic close to black in every composition. And for the experiment of application to Zirconia, after adding synthesized pigments to Zirconia and plasticizing them, we analyzed their color and property of matters. The most suitable synthesis conditions of mineral pigments of black spinel system require composition of $Fe_2O_3-32.01%,\;Cr_2O_3-30.47%$, Quartz-9.66%, Kaolin-18.53%, CoO-3.71%, $MnO_2-5.62%$ and condition of plasticity kept for 1 h at $1600^{\circ}C$. When we added pigments synthesized in this way to Zirconia with 5 wt% and plasticized them at $1410^{\circ}C$, the result was that the degree of $strength-32.6kgf/mm^2$, absorptance-0.108%, $luminosity-L^*:37.54,\;color-a^*:1.31,\;b^*:2.61$ and their use suited for artificial jewelry or decoration Zirconia goods.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1255-1261
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• 1995

Mullite-spinel-zirconia composites were prepared by reaction sintering of calcined alumina and magnesia, and zircon powders. The influence of calcining temperature on densification processes and on mechaical properties of subsequently sintered compacts was investigated. The mullite was formed by the reaction of $\alpha$-Al2O3 and amorphous SiO2 at firing temperatures over 141$0^{\circ}C$. The mullitization proceeded more rapidly in the specimen calcined at 110$0^{\circ}C$ than at either 120$0^{\circ}C$ or 130$0^{\circ}C$. Microstructures before and after the mullitization (or mullite dissociation) showed different morphologies, and their effects on mechanical properties were significant. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the specimen calcined at 130$0^{\circ}C$ and subsequently fired at 145$0^{\circ}C$ were 316 MPa and 4.2Mpa.m1/2, respectively.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2020

Application of ceramic materials for fabrication of dental restoration materials has been a focus of interest in the field of esthetic dentistry. The ceramic materials of choice are glass ceramics, spinel, alumina, and zirconia. The development of yttrium tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (YTZP)-based systems is a recent addition to all-ceramic systems that have high strength and are used for crowns and fixed partial dentures. Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-produced, YTZP-based systems are popular with respect to their esthetic appeal for use in stress-bearing regions. The highly esthetic nature of zirconia and its superior physical properties and biocompatibility have enabled the development of restorative systems that meet the demands of today's patients. Many in vitro trials have been performed on the use of zirconia; however, relatively fewer long-term clinical studies have been published on this subject. The use of zirconia frameworks for long-span fixed partial dentures is currently being evaluated; in the future, more in vivo research and long-term clinical studies are required to provide scientific evidence for drawing solid guidelines. Further clinical and in vitro studies are required to obtain data regarding the long-term clinical use of zirconia-based restorations.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.340-344
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• 1998

Failure mechanisms were investigated for the two layer thermal barrier coatings consisting of NiCrAlY bond coat and $ZrO_2$-8wt.% $Y_2O_3$ ceramic coating during cyclic oxidation. $Al_2O_3$ developed at the ceramic coating/bond coat interface first, followed by the Cr/Ni rich oxides such as $NiCr_2O_4$ and $Ni(Al, Cr)_2O_4$ during cyclic oxidation. It was observed that the spalling of ceramic coatings took place primarily within the NiCrAlY bond coat oxidation products or at the interface between the bond coat oxidation products and zirconia based ceramic coating or the bond coat. It was also observed that the fracture within these oxidation products occurred with the formation of $Ni(Cr, Al)_2O_4$ spinel or Cr/Ni rich oxides. It was therefore concluded that the formation of these oxides was a life-limiting event for the thermal barrier coatings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.525-526
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• 2006

Calcium-hexaluminate phase $(CA_6)$ is known to be effective for the crack shielding due to the spinel block crystal structure. In this study, we focused to the control of $CA_6$ morphology for good damage tolerance behavior in alumina and zirconia/calcium-hexaluminate $(CA_6)$ composites. Calcium-hexaluminate $(CA_6)$ composites were prepared from zirconia, alumina and calcium carbornate powders. Calcium-hexaluminate $(CA_6)$ phase was obtained by the solid reaction through the formation of intermediate phase $(CA_2)$. $CA_6$ phase showed the column type abnormal grain grown behavior composed of small blocks. Due to the typical microstructure of $CA_6$, alumina and zirconia/calcium-hexaluminate composites provide a well controlled crack propagation behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• v.y2005m4
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• pp.106-111
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• 2005

Failure mechanisms were investigated for the two layer thermal barrier coatings consisting of NiCrAlY bond coat and $ZrO_2-8wt.\% Y_{2}O_3$ ceramic coating during cyclic oxidation. $Al_{2}O_3$ developed at the ceramic coating/bond coat interface first, followed by the Cr/Ni rich oxides such as $NiCr_{2}O_4 and Ni(Al,Cr)_{2}O_4$ during cyclic oxidation It was observed that the spalling of ceramic coatings took place primarily within the NiCrAlY bond coat oxidation products or at the interface between the bond coat oxidation products and zirconia based ceramic coating or the bond coat. It was also observed that the fracture within these oxidation products occurred with the formation of $Ni(Cr,Al)_{2}O_4$ spinel or Cr/Ni rich oxides. It was therefore concluded that the formation of these oxides was a life-limiting event for the thermal barrier coatings.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2007

Mullite-PSZ composite was prepared by sol-gel method using $Al(sec-OC_4H_9)_3,\;Si(OC_2H_5)_4,\;ZrOCl_2\;8H_2O\;and\;Y_2O_3$. The sinterability ana mechanical properties of powder compacts sintered at $1,650^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs were investigated for various PSZ contents. In result Al-Si spinel formed at $980^{\circ}C$ from amorphous dried gel, and zirconia as well as mullite crystal formed above $1,200^{\circ}C$. The sintered body was densified to $97{\sim}98%$ except the specimen containing 25vol% PSZ which showed the relative density of about 95% obtained by sintering at $1,650^{\circ}C$ for 4 h. The flexural strength of the sintered body was a maximum value of 290 MPa in 20 vol% PSZ, which was also considerably larger than the value of 200 MPa without PSZ. The value of the fracture toughness increased linearly with increase of PSZ content and showed a maximum value of $4.3MPam^{1/2}$ in 25 vol% PSZ, Namely this value was remarkably larger than the $value(2.6MPam^{1/2})$ of pure mullite without PSZ.