• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.73-86
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• 2022

Purpose: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing number of online food delivery applications (OFDA), this study aims to assess the distribution of the presence of Indonesian OFDA and to measure the factors that influence the spending habits of OFDA users. Research design, data and methodology: Two hundred and nine OFDA users from Jakarta's Generation Z were surveyed via a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling and SMART PLS 3.0. Results: OFDAs were introduced into Indonesia in the recent past with varying degrees of popularity determined by the number of downloads. Users' intention to use was not determined by the speed of the introduction of an OFDA. This study also reveals that previous experience of the service, the orientation of time and price savings had a significant effect on spending habits. A moderating role of the saving variable on time and price was not demonstrated. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that, in COVID-19 pandemic conditions, the spending habits of Generation Z are not based on impulse, thrift, or extravagance. The pandemic shaped specific motivations in spending habits, namely prioritizing need. This study has limitations, including the small sample size and the use of internal variables.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Purpose: This study determines the effect of spending distribution, namely experiential, impulsive, self-expressive, prosocial, and conspicuous spending, on the financial well-being of young working women in Malaysia. Research design, data and methodology: This study employed a quantitative and deductive approach. A sample of 400 young working women was selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM). Results: The findings revealed prosocial and impulsive spending as the significant spending distribution to affect financial well-being. The effect of prosocial spending is positive on financial well-being, while the effect of impulsive spending is a negative predictor of financial well-being. All other spending distribution - experiential, self-expressive, and conspicuous spending - do not have a significant effect on financial well-being. Conclusion: To achieve financial well-being, young working women need to distribute the spending budget for the happiness of others and reduce impulse buying. The findings provide useful insights on the significant role of spending distribution in influencing, how to fuel young working women to develop good spending habits that consequently improve their financial well-being, for themselves and Malaysian economics, as well as the plausible solution to overcome financial problems and high indebtedness.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.280-290
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• 2015

Diet is closely related to an economic level, but few studies have reported on the relationship between the economic level and eating habits, especially in college students. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify differences in eating habits with a focus on processed foods according to allowance level in college students. This study was a cross-sectional survey of 500 college students using a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, eating behaviors, purchase of processed foods, and preference and intake frequency of processed foods. All subjects were classified based on monthly allowance: less than \300,000 (n=149), \300,000~400,000 (n=177), and more than \400,000 (n=124). All survey results were comparatively analyzed among the spending money groups. As the level of spending money of the subjects increased, the rate of skipping meals, eating out, and unbalanced diet increased (P<0.05). The reason for consuming processed foods was because they are easy to prepare. The factor considered the most when buying processed foods was price. However, these results showed no significant difference according to level of spending money. As spending money increased preference for retort, convenience, canned, and bottled foods significantly increased. Intake frequency of dairy products was lower, and the frequency of processed foods was significantly higher with more spending money. This study found that a higher level of monthly allowance in college students, was associated with higher rate of skipping meals, eating out, and unbalanced diet, and the preference and intake frequency of processed foods were also high. These results suggest that spending money level in college students, as an economic indicator, is relevant to intake of processed foods.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.128-137
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• 2010

Due to the increasing income of married working couples, people have become accustomed to dining out and spending more money when doing so. As a result, various restaurants are operating and new concept restaurants are emerging to meet the needs of customers. The purpose of dining-out depends upon who the companion is and the choice of restaurant and spending seems to be affected by the purpose. In addition, characteristics of consumers influence their dining-out behaviors. This study explored the relationship the between characteristics of consumers and their reasons for eating-out purpose, choice of restaurant, spending habits and preferred restaurant type.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.509-520
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weight control program on food habits, eating behaviors and life habits in obese elementary school children. The program consisted of nutritional education, physical exercise and behavioral therapy was conformed for 10 weeks. Participants of the study involved 41 obese children and their parents. There was significant difference in waist circumference (p < 0.05) and children's body fat % significantly decreased from 35.8% to 33.0% (p < 0.01) after program. There was significant increase (p < 0.05) in HDL-cholesterol, 47.8 (mg/dL) to 53.6 (mg/dL) after weight control program. Food habits and eating behaviors of obese children were showed positively changes but there were no significant differences after program. Regularity of having breakfast and amount of meal under the stress condition were not significantly different after program. The levels of physical activity of obese children were significantly increased from 1.40(hr) to 1.74(hr) per day (p < 0.05). But there were no significant changes in spending hours of watching television and playing computer games. Food habits, eating behavior and physical activity showed significant correlations to weight control. These results suggest that the body weight control program for obese children including nutrition education, physical exercise and behavioral therapy may be effective to improve their food habits, eating behaviors and life habits. Nevertheless we need a more concentrating program to improve life habits such as physical activity and watching television.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate perceived stress and dietary habits of female college students and define the relationships between them. Method: A convenient sampling method was used at a university based In Seoul. Finally, 412 students participated in the study from May 1 to June 10, 2008. The questionnaires administered consisted of a Stress Scale for college students and Dietary habit scale questionnaires. The students filled out the questionnaires by themselves. The collected data was analyzed with the SPSS Win 14.0 statistics program, which was used to calculate the frequencies, percentages, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation of the variables. Result: The major findings of this study were as follows; In general, female students were mostly stressed by 'schooling.' Stress scores were significantly different in accordance with religion. Overall, dietary habits of study participants were normal. Significant differences were observed in the dietary habits between type of residence, major, and spending money per month. There was a significant relationship between perceived stress and dietary habits. Conclusion: Stress management for female college students should be developed and nutritional education programs should be reinforced.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.55-72
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• 2004

Alcohol has as much effect on our lives as the different taste for foods that people have all of the world. Recently, the interest about drinking habits has increased with the rise in health problems for college students with poor health related behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alcohol consumption, smoking and eating behavior of college students in the Kyungsan area. This survey was administered through questionnaires, and the subjects were 177 male and 189 female college students. The self-administered questionnaire was composed of questions concerning social-demographic factors, general characteristics, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and eating behavior. The data were analyzed by $\chi$$^2$-test and t-test. According to the survey results, almost of all of the survey subjects drank alcohol. The mean alcohol consumption level per day for male students (33.9${\pm}$29.7g) were significantly higher than for the female students (18.5${\pm}$16.5g), and more than 39.6% of the subjects drank alcohol 1-3 days a week. Alcohol consumption changed the students eating habits. Most students had dietary problems such as fast eating, skipping meal and spending too much money on fast food. The survey about eating behavior of the students showed the male students had more problems when compared with female students. Alcohol consumption levels and alcohol dependence showed a significant positive correlation with smoking cigarettes (r=0.386, p＜0.001). The correlation coefficient between alcohol consumption and eating behavior was negatively correlated with skipping meals (r=-0.121, p＜0.001). However, there were significant and positive correlations with overeating when students were depressed (r=0.130, p＜0.05), with eating meals when watching TV or videos (r=0.085) and with spending money on fast food(r=0.235, p＜0.235). The results indicate that health related behaviors of college students in the present study were fairly good. More attention should be given to college students and their habits of skipping meal, alcohol drinking and smoking, and the fairly good students can act as a model for correct dietary behavior so as to improve overall student health.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.83-95
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was to examine the experts perception on the operation of the national health promotion fund and related policies, and to obtain the perspective on the improving governance of the fund. Methods: Experts opinion survey was recruited 120 experts who were public health officials, and members of board in academic societies related to health promotion and health policy, and 60 experts participated in the survey. Results: Most health care experts agreed that the current allocation of health promotion fund was not optimal with its lack of allocation on promoting healthy lifestyle and R&D for health promotion, while the majority of the fund was being spent on supporting national health insurance. Thus, establishing governance system and control tower for the fund was viewed as critical. Also the status of deliberation committee should be raised to higher position where it can hold practical authority to plan and evaluate fund spending. Conclusions: The priority of health promotion fund spending should be more on improving health such as modifying life-style and spreading healthy habits, rather than on disease management or subsidizing health insurance. It is recommended that change from to environment in health promotion policy regime is required to establish effective governance system for the fund operation.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.117-122
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• 2009

In these days, world economic crisis is getting worse and most of us are having difficulties in handling financial balance. By noticing that credit card is the most important payment method of individuals, we developed e-receipt system, which helps a person easily keep track of credit card spendings by showing purchase and transaction details in real-time. We've used embedded software engineering techniques in developing the e-receipt system. The system we developed here will benefit most of us by preventing over-spending of credit cards and will lead to healthy spending habits.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2018

This study is to analyze the difference of satisfaction according to the usage motivation of Live video streaming and characteristics of the adopter(early adopters, late adopters). For this purpose, we conducted a survey of 283 people in the age of 10~30 using AfreecaTV. As a result of the study, users spending daily hours on watching Afreeca TV showed a positive effect on the usage motivation. It shows only one difference in education level between the demographic characteristics, based on the adopter characteristics. Also the differences in the satisfaction factors were found to be habits, communication, entertainment accessibility in the early adopters and accessibility, credibility, habits, accessibility were significant influences on the late adopters.