• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

The current study observes the durational interaction of tautosyllabic consonants and vowels in the word-initial position of English and Korean child-directed speech (CDS). The effect of phonological laryngeal contrasts in stops on the following vowel duration, and the effect of the intrinsic vowel duration on the release duration of preceding stops in addition to the acoustic realization of the contrastive segments are explored in different prosodic contexts - phrase-initial/medial, focal accented/non-focused - in a marked speech style of CDS. A trade-off relationship between Voice Onset Time (VOT), as consonant release duration, and voicing phonation time, as vowel duration, reported from adult-to-adult speech, and patterns of durational variability are investigated in CDS of two languages with different linguistic rhythms, under systematically controlled prosodic contexts. Speech data were collected from four native English mothers and four native Korean mothers who were talking to their one-word staged infants. In addition to the acoustic measurements, the transformed delta measure is employed as a variability index of individual tokens. Results confirm the durational correlation between prevocalic consonants and following vowels. The interaction is revealed in a compensatory pattern such as longer VOTs followed by shorter vowel durations in both languages. An asymmetry is found in CV interaction in that the effect of consonant on vowel duration is greater than the VOT differences induced by the vowel. Prosodic effects are found such that the acoustic difference is enhanced between the contrastive segments under focal accent, supporting the paradigmatic strengthening effect. Positional variation, however, does not show any systematic effects on the variations of the measured acoustic quantities. Overall vowel duration and syllable duration are longer in English tokens but involve less variability across the prosodic variations. The constancy of syllable duration, therefore, is not found to be more strongly sustained in Korean CDS. The stylistic variation is discussed in relation to the listener under linguistic development in CDS.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1997

본고는 음성인식 기능이 추가된 음성응답장치(ARS)의 음성 인식률을 향상시키는 방법을 제안한다. ARS에 입력되는 전화음성은 안내방송, 전화잡음, 그리고 채널왜곡에 의하여 영향을 받기 때문에, 양질의 음성을 대상으로 하여 개발된 인식 알고리듬을 그대로 적용하면 상당한 인식률의 저하를 가져오게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 본고에서는 세 가지 방법을 제안한다: 1)음성이 시작되는 순간 안내 방송을 즉시 끊기 위한 음성 입력순간의 정확한 검출, 2)Teager 에너지를 이용한 잡음 섞인 전화음성의 효과적인 끝점검출, 3)SDCN 알고리듬을 이용한 채널왜곡의 보상. 위의 세 가지 방법을 모두 결합하여 화자독립인 전화음성을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 기존의 방법이 약 23%의 인식률을 보인 반면, 제안된 방식은 약 77%의 인식률로서 상당한 성능향상을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the occupational performance of Korean workers with and without hearing loss and analyze the hearing-related difficulties in the working environment. Subjects and Methods: The Amsterdam checklist for hearing and work was used for the analyses and the occupational environments of the Korean workers were investigated. Out of 129 total participants, 86 workers experienced severe to profound hearing loss and 43 had the normal hearing ability. The hearing-impaired workers were recruited from two leading vocational centers and normal-hearing workers were their colleagues. Results: The hearing-impaired workers were found to take fewer sick leaves and exhibited higher rates of permanent job statuses compared to the normal-hearing workers. Workers with hearing loss rarely detected background sound; however, they could perceive reverberation more frequently. They felt more satisfied with their careers than the normal hearing workers as they received social support and needed to put their effort into hearing for most hearing activities. Furthermore, the effort in hearing increased with the increase in job demand, job control, social support, and career satisfaction. The working hours per week increased with the increase in age, education level, job demand, job control, and social support. Different trends were observed in 9 out of 12 variables while comparing the data from the present study with that obtained from the hearing-impaired workers of the Netherlands, indicating a large difference between countries. Conclusions: Although the hearing-impaired Korean workers operate diligently with good job positions, it is necessary to enhance their acoustic environment and provide them social support. Considering the cultural background of the hearing-impaired workers, the development of suitable vocational rehabilitation programs and specific questionnaires is strongly recommended worldwide.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the occupational performance of Korean workers with and without hearing loss and analyze the hearing-related difficulties in the working environment. Subjects and Methods: The Amsterdam checklist for hearing and work was used for the analyses and the occupational environments of the Korean workers were investigated. Out of 129 total participants, 86 workers experienced severe to profound hearing loss and 43 had the normal hearing ability. The hearing-impaired workers were recruited from two leading vocational centers and normal-hearing workers were their colleagues. Results: The hearing-impaired workers were found to take fewer sick leaves and exhibited higher rates of permanent job statuses compared to the normal-hearing workers. Workers with hearing loss rarely detected background sound; however, they could perceive reverberation more frequently. They felt more satisfied with their careers than the normal hearing workers as they received social support and needed to put their effort into hearing for most hearing activities. Furthermore, the effort in hearing increased with the increase in job demand, job control, social support, and career satisfaction. The working hours per week increased with the increase in age, education level, job demand, job control, and social support. Different trends were observed in 9 out of 12 variables while comparing the data from the present study with that obtained from the hearing-impaired workers of the Netherlands, indicating a large difference between countries. Conclusions: Although the hearing-impaired Korean workers operate diligently with good job positions, it is necessary to enhance their acoustic environment and provide them social support. Considering the cultural background of the hearing-impaired workers, the development of suitable vocational rehabilitation programs and specific questionnaires is strongly recommended worldwide.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2022

본 연구는 '디지털 치료제'의 정의를 확인하기 위해 이와 관련된 연구들을 통해 확인해보고, 디지털 치료제의 개발 동향을 국내 수준에서 조사해 보았다. 그리고 2015년 이후 연구 자료를 대상으로 디지털 치료제가 의사소통장애 분야에서 언어장애와 말장애 대상자들 중 어떤 장애 분야에 적용된 연구가 진행되어 왔는지 그리고 어떠한 기술이 적용된 연구가 이루어 왔는가 역시 분석해 보았다. 그 결과 디지털 치료제는 소프트웨어라는 점, 예방·관리·치료하기 위해 환자에게 적용되는 소프트웨어적인 치료제이며 근거 기반 치료를 제공하는 소프트웨어로 정의할 수 있다. 디지털 치료제와 관련해서 엄청난 투자를 진행하고 있고 이와 더불어 관련된 연구도 지속적으로 증가하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 다음으로 의사소통장애 대상자에게 디지털 치료제를 적용한 2015년 연구 사례를 분석한 결과 언어장애에 해당하는 연구가 전체 22편 중에서 17편으로 주를 이루었고, 말장애 분야 연구, 일반아동을 대상으로 한 연구, 전문가를 대상으로 한 연구가 있었다. 디지털 치료제에 적용될 수 있는 다양한 기술 중 가장 많이 적용된 기술은 가상현실과 증강현실이었다. 가상현실보다는 증강현실을 적용한 연구가 대부분이었음을 확인할 수 있었고 AI를 적용한 연구도 있었다. 그리고 디지털 치료제의 적용 후 효과는 대부분 긍정적으로 나타났고, 디지털 치료제 개발과 관련해서 대부분은 콘텐츠 개발에 중점을 두고 있으나 한 편의 연구는 앱 개발을 위해 진행된 연구다. 향후 연구에서는 보다 다양한 의사소통장애 대상자에게 적용 가능한 소프트웨어를 개발하고 보다 광범위한 기술을 적용한 연구들이 꾸준히 이루어지고 이러한 분야에 대한 정부의 적극적인 지원도 이루어지기를 기대해 본다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2018

In modern society, speech recognition technology is emerging as an important technology for identification in electronic commerce, forensics, law enforcement, and other systems. In this study, we aim to develop an age classification algorithm for extracting only MFCC(Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient) expressing the characteristics of speech in Korean and applying it to deep learning technology. The algorithm for extracting the 13th order MFCC from Korean data and constructing a data set, and using the artificial intelligence algorithm, deep artificial neural network, to classify males in their 20s, 30s, and 50s, and females in their 20s, 40s, and 50s. finally, our model confirmed the classification accuracy of 78.6% and 71.9% for males and females, respectively.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

본 연구는 국내 영어 학습자들의 말하기 출력 활동을 활성화시킬 방안으로서 스마트폰과 음성합성(Text-to-Speech)이 지닌 장점을 활용하여 모바일 영어 학습의 한 형태인 영어 말하기 영상 과제 학습 모델을 개발, 적용한 후, 이 모델이 학습자들에게 미친 효과를 탐구하였다. 설문 조사 결과 모바일 기기를 활용한 영어 말하기 영상 과제는 학습자들의 전반적인 영어실력 뿐 아니라 발음, 말하기, 듣기, 쓰기 영역에서 자신감과 실력 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 이런 결과를 기반으로 외국어로서 영어를 학습해야 하는 상황적 한계로 인해 충분한 영어 입력에 노출되지 못하고 말하기 출력활동이 부족한 국내 영어 학습자들의 영어 말하기 능력을 향상시킬 한 가지 방안으로써 말하기 영상 과제의 가능성과 한계를 논의한다.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.237-252
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• 2002

MIT has been applied for nonfluent aphasic patients on the basis of lateralization of brain hemisphere. However, its applications for different languages have some inquiry for aphasic patients because of prosodic and rhythmic differences. The purpose of this study is to develop the Korean Melodic Intonation Therapy program using personal computer and its clinical effects for nonfluent aphasic patients. The algorithm was composed to voice analog signal, PCM, AMDF, Short-time autocorrelation function and center clipping. The main menu contains pitch, waveform, sound intensity and speech files on window. Aphasic patients' intonation patterns overlay on selected kMIT patterns. Three aphasic patients with or without kMIT training participated in this study. Four affirmative sentences and two interrogative sentences were uttered on CSL by stimulus of ST. VOT, VD, Hold and TD were measured on Spectrogram. In addition, articulation disorders and intonation patterns were evaluated objectively on spectrogram. The results indicated that nonfluent aphasic patients with kMIT training group showed some clinical effects of speech intelligibility based on VOT, TD values, articulation evaluation and prosodic pattern changes.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 우리나라 언어재활사들의 쓰기담화 중재에 대한 교육이수 경험 및 지식 등을 포함하여 쓰기담화 중재에 대해 좀 더 전반적이고 심층적으로 현황을 파악하고 쓰기담화 중재에 대한 언어재활사의 인식과 요구를 살펴보고자 하였다. 언어재활사 110명이 응답한 설문을 통해 연구 결과를 도출하였다. 그 결과 대부분의 언어재활사들이 교과과정에서 쓰기담화 중재에 대해 학습하였음에도 불구하고 임상 현장에서의 쓰기담화 중재 적용법이 미흡하고 이 중재의 체계적이고 전문적인 지식 부족으로 인해 쓰기담화 중재에 대해 어려움을 느끼고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 쓰기담화 중재 현황을 살펴보면 임상 현장에서 응답한 언어재활사 중 46.4%만이 쓰기담화 중재에 대한 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다시 말하면 응답자의 53.6%는 쓰기담화 중재에 대한 경험이 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 언어재활사의 쓰기담화 중재에 대한 인식 및 요구에 관한 결과, 76.4%의 언어재활사들이 쓰기담화 중재 부분이 언어치료의 중요한 영역이라고 생각한다고 답하였다. 이와 함께 담화 중재에 대한 교과과정이 필요하다고 응답한 응답자는 62.8%, 쓰기담화 중재의 지속적인 연구의 필요성에서도 90% 이상 필요하다고 하였으며, 교재 및 교구 개발에 대해서도 89.1% 필요하다고 생각하였다. 본 연구에서는 쓰기담화 중재의 언어재활사들의 경험 및 인식을 알아보았고 결과를 분석해 봄으로써 쓰기담화 중재와 관련된 교육 및 다양한 과정들이 어떻게 이루어져야 하는지에 대한 방향을 제시했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.831-840
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a hearing impairment simulator considering reduced frequency selectivity and asymmetrical auditory filter of the hearing impaired, and we verified the reduced frequency selectivity and asymmetrical auditory filter affected in speech perception through experiments. The reduced frequency selectivity has made embodied by spectral smearing using LPC(linear prediction coding). The shapes of auditory filter are asymmetrical different with each center frequency. Hearing impaired person which has hearing loss was differently changed with that of normal hearing people and it has different value for speech of quality through auditory filter. The experiments confirmed subjective test and objective test. The subjective experiments are composed of 4 kinds of tests: pure tone test, SRT(speech reception threshold) test, and WRS(word recognition score) test without spectral smearing, and WRS test with spectral smearing. The experiment of the hearing impairment simulator was performed from 9 subjects who have normal ears. The amount of spectral smearing was controlled by LPC order. The asymmetrical auditory filter of proposed hearing impairment simulator was simulated and then some tests to estimate the filter's performance objectively were performed. The objective experiment as simulated auditory filter's performance evaluation method used PESQ(perceptual evaluation of speech quality) and LLR(log likelihood ratio) for speech through auditory filter. The processed speech was evaluated objective speech quality and distortion using PESQ and LLR value. When hearing loss processed, PESQ and LLR value have big difference according to asymmetrical auditory filter in hearing impairment simulator.