• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2017

This study attempts to determine the extent to which late talkers are at the risk of delayed phonological development, in order to identify groups at risk and to find factors affecting delayed phonological development. A group of 1,452 children (51% boys, 49% girls) were recruited from the nationwide Panel Study on Korean Children. The current study collected data from 418 children who were previously identified as late-talkers (LT) at their age of three on average (Time 1: expressive vocabulary test) and three years later (Time 2: phonological test). Their phonological outcomes of the Time 2 were analyzed and then compared to those of a group of 1,056 children with typical language development (NLT: no late-talkers) at the age of three in terms of the number of incorrect consonants, and the speech sound disorders rating scores. LT showed a lower articulation score than NLT, and boys showed a lower score than girls. These findings indicate that the late onset of speech and the gender of young children could be potential risk factors of speech sound disorders.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2022

Cerebral palsy is one of the most serious forms of disorders of the psychophysical development of children, which manifests itself in disturbances of motor functions, which are often combined with speech disorders, other complications of the formation of higher mental functions, and often with a decrease in intelligence. The article will discuss the speech disorder in children with cerebral palsy. Emphasis is placed on some important aspects, which should bear in mind, investigating the problem of specifics of speech development of children with cerebral palsy. In particular at the heart of speech disorders in the cerebral palsy is not only damage to certain structures of the brain, but also the later formation or underdevelopment of those parts of the cerebral cortex, which are of major importance in linguistic and mental activity. This is an ontogenetically young region of the cerebral cortex, which is most rapidly developing after birth (premotor, frontal, temmono-temporal). It is important to take into account, that children with cerebral palsy have disturbances of phonemic perception. Often, children do not distinguish between hearing sounds, cannot repeat component rows, allocate sounds in words. At dysarthria, there are violations of pronunciation of vowel and consonant sounds, tempo of speech, modulation of voice, breathing, phonation, as well as asynchronous breathing, alignment and articulation. As a result, we identified the main features and specifics of the speech development of children with cerebral palsy and described the conditions necessary for the full development of language. Language disturbances in children's cerebral palsy depend on the localization and severity of brain damage. Great importance in the mechanism of speech disorders has a pathology that limits the ability of movement and knowledge of the world.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.24-31
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• 1996

이 논문에서는 호텔예약을 위한 음성번역시스템(KT-STS:Korea Telecom Speech Translation System)에 대해 기술한다. KT-STS는 한국손님이 일본의 호텔을 예약하고자 할 때 사용할 수 있는 시스템으로 한국어 음성을 인식하여 일본어로 번역을 해주는 시스템이다. 이 시스템은 한국어 음성인식부, 한일 기계번역부, 그리고 한국어 음성합성부로 구성되어 있다. 한국어 음성인식부는 HMM(Hidden Markov Model)에 근거한 화자독립, 300 단어급 연속음성인식시스템이다. 언어모델은 바이그램(bigram)을 전향 언어모델로, 의존문법을 후향 언어모델로 사용한다. 기계번역부에서는 의존문법과 직적 번역 방식을 사용하였다. 음성합성부에서 합성단위로 반음소를 사용하며 합성방식은 주기파형분해 및 재배치 방식을 이용한다. KT-STS는 TMS320C30 DSP 보드를 장착한 SPARC20 위크스테이션 상에서 거의 실시간으로 동작한다. 음성인식 실험결과 94.68%의 단어인식률과 82.42%의 문장인식률을 얻었으며, 한일 번역기만의 번역 성공률은 100%였다. 우리는 이 시스템과 일본 KDD에서 개발한 시스템을 전용선으로 연결하여 한일간 자동통역 국제시연을 가진 바 있다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2023

Detection of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on speech has relied on predefined feature sets due to their ease of use and the capabilities of speech analysis. However, clinical impressions may not be adequately captured due to the broad range and the large number of features included. This paper demonstrates that the knowledge-driven speech features (KDSFs) specifically tailored to the speech traits of ASD are more effective and efficient for detecting speech of ASD children from that of children with typical development (TD) than a predefined feature set, extended Geneva Minimalistic Acoustic Standard Parameter Set (eGeMAPS). The KDSFs encompass various speech characteristics related to frequency, voice quality, speech rate, and spectral features, that have been identified as corresponding to certain of their distinctive attributes of them. The speech dataset used for the experiments consists of 63 ASD children and 9 TD children. To alleviate the imbalance in the number of training utterances, a data augmentation technique was applied to TD children's utterances. The support vector machine (SVM) classifier trained with the KDSFs achieved an accuracy of 91.25%, surpassing the 88.08% obtained using the predefined set. This result underscores the importance of incorporating domain knowledge in the development of speech technologies for individuals with disorders.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.155-157
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• 2007

Objective : There are close relationship between intraoral abnormal structure and speech-functional problem. Patients with cleft palate & ankyloglossia are typical examples. Patients with abnormal structure can be repaired toward normal structure by operation. Ankyloglossia may cause functional limitation - for example, speech disorder - even if adequate surgical treatment were done. And, each individuals have each speech disorders. The objective of this study is to evaluate the speechs of childrens with ankyloglossia, and to determine whether ankyloglossia is associated with articulation problem. We wanted to present criteria for indication of frenectomy. Study design The experimental group is composed of 10 childrens who visited our department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, dental hospital, Chonbuk university, due to ankyloglossia and articulation problem,. The average age is 5 Y 7M, M : F ratio is 4 : 1 at the time of speech test. The VPI consonant discrimination degree, PPVT, PCAT, Nasometer II, Visi-Pitch test result were obtained from each group. Result : There was significant difference for 'language development' through PPVT. Except 3 members of experimental group, all remainder showed retardation for 'language development'. For 'errored consonant rate', data showed more higher scores in alveolar consonant. There 'consonant error' in experimental group, mostly showed 'alveolar consonant', also a major modality of 'consonant error' was mostly distortion. Conclusion : We can judge the severity of ankyloglossia patient by examinig language development degree & speech test of 'alveolar consonant' . And we can make a decision for frenulotomy using these results.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2024

Background Among the cleft types, bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) generally requires multiple surgical procedures and extended speech therapy to achieve normal speech development. This study aimed to describe speech outcomes in 5-year-old Korean children with BCLP and examine whether normal speech could be achieved before starting school. Methods The retrospective study analyzed 52 children with complete BCLP who underwent primary palatal surgery at a tertiary medical center. Three speech-language pathologists made perceptual judgments on recordings from a speech follow-up assessment of 5-year-old children. They assessed the children's speech in terms of articulation, speech intelligibility, resonance, and voice using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented-Korean Modification. Results The results indicated that at the age of five, 65 to 70% of children with BCLP presented articulation and resonance within normal or acceptable ranges. Further, seven children with BCLP (13.5%) needed both additional speech therapy and palatal surgery for persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency and speech problems even at the age of five. Conclusion This study confirmed that routine follow-up speech assessments are essential as a substantial number of children with BCLP require secondary surgical procedures and extended speech therapy to achieve normal speech development.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.741-747
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• 2007

Purpose: In order to determine the differences in speech outcome based on timing of operation in submucous cleft palate, we have reviewed our experiences in the Furlow palatoplasty over the last 11 years. Methods: From March 1996 to March 2006, 38 submucous cleft palate patients received Furlow palatoplasty. 10 developmentally delayed patients were excluded and 5 patients were lost to follow up. The rest 23 patients were reviewed. Speech was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively, and speech therapy was performed accordingly. Perceptual speech assessment included hypernasality, nasal emission and articulation disorder. Cinefluorography was performed to aid perceptual assessment. Based on timing of operation, the patients were divided into 3 groups as following: Group A under 24 months(8 patients), Group B from 25 to 48 months(6 patients), and Group C over 49 months (9 patients). Except 1 patient under speech therapy yet, resultant speech was compared. 200707Results: The rate of abnormal speech was higher in Group C(3/9, 33.3%) than in Group A(0%) or B(0%). All 3 patients who had been discontinued of speech therapy from the parent's judgment had abnormal speech. The reason for the discontinuation was that the regular speech therapy was a burden at school age. Any patients who had continued speech therapy had normal speech. Conclusion: The results of our study shows that operative timing is associated with speech development. Maintenance of speech therapy was an important factor for normal speech development. It will be helpful to perform a palatoplasty before 48 months of age to complete speech therapy before the school age.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2005

음성 DB는 음성학, 음성인식, 음성합성 등을 연구할 때 가장 기본적으로 필요한 요소이다. 음성 DB의 양과 질이 개발하고자하는 시스템의 성능을 좌우한다고 할 정도로 음성 DB의 중요성 및 역할은 막중하다. 최근 음성포탈을 비롯한 다양한 전화 서비스 기술의 발달로 인하여 전화 음성 DB 수집의 필요성이 시급한 상황이다. 기존 CTI 분야의 IVR 애플리케이션 전화음성 DB 수집 시스템은 C/C++언어나 전용 개발 도구를 사용하여 이루어져 왔으며, 이로 인하여 각 응용서비스간 자원의 재활용이 어려운 실정이며 많은 인력과 시간을 필요하다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 그러나, VoiceXML의 전화 음성 DB 수집시스템은 XML에 내포된 태그형식을 갖는 언어로써 쉽고, 간단한 문법체계를 가지고 있어 조금만 노력을 기울이면 손쉽게 작성할 수 있어 인력과 시간을 절약할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 또한 단지 웹서버에 연결된 DB의 내용만을 변경함으로써 다양한 전화 음성 DB를 수집할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 음성인식이나 음성합성 등 음성정보처리기술의 개발에 가장 중요한 요소인 음성 DB를 Voiceful을 사용하여 전화 음성 DB를 수집하는 시스템을 소개한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2012

유아는 만3~5세 사이에 언어 능력이 빠르게 발달하게 된다. 유아의 언어발달에 맞는 다양한 경험을 위해서는 그 시기에 맞는 콘텐츠 개발이 필요하다. 다양한 콘텐츠 개발을 위해 유아에 맞는 음성 인터페이스를 이용하는 것이 필요하지만, 한국어에서는 유아를 대상으로 한 데이터베이스가 구축이 되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 한국어에서 만 3~5세 유아들의 객관화되고 정확한 음성 데이터 수집을 설계하기 위하여 발달시기에 맞는 적절한 단어 선정 및 성인과 다른 유아의 행동 특성 유형을 파악하는 과정을 거쳐 음성 데이터 베이스를 구축하였다. 단어의 경우 MCDI-K에서 두 단계를 걸쳐 선정하였고, 유아는 한 단어 당 세 번씩 발성하였다. 이렇게 수집된 음성 데이터는 유아별, 단어별 파일 토큰화 과정을 거쳐 데이터베이스로 구축되었다. 한국어 유아 음성 데이터베이스는 웹 페이지를 통한 기술 이전을 할 계획이며, 이를 통하여 유아들의 언어 발달에 유익한 다양한 콘텐츠 개발에 그 익일을 담당할 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.275-284
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• 1992

Development of Integrated Speech Training Aids for Hearing Impaired In this study, a spepch lralnlng aids that can do real-time display of vocal tract shape and other speech parameters together in a single system is implemenLed and self-training program for this system is developed. To estimate vocal tract shape, speech production process is assumed to be AR model. Through LPC analysis, vocal tract shape, intensity, and log spcclrum are calculated. And, fundamental frequency and nasality are measured using vibration sensors.