• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1995

Lip seals, important components in many hydraulic devices, dissipate energy through friction, resulting in power loss. This study contributes to an understanding of lip seal friction by further exploring the connections between friction behavior, viscoelastic properties of robber and viscous properties of the lubricant. Experiments haven been conducted for short stroke oscillations, where these connections are quite strong. Sliding friction experiments at a variety of pressures, temperatures and oscillation rates (for different seal materials, surface roughnesses and lubricant viscosities) are examined. Speculative explanations are suggested for conditions under which friction maxima and frictional vibrations occur.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1053-1059
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• 2001

Results from direct numerical simulation and LDV measurements are analyzed to investigate the influence of structured surface on turbulence in the outer layer. To provide a well-defined surface roughness, sinusoidal wavy surface was used. Even though flows over smooth and wavy surface show very different process for maintaining turbulence in the vicinity of the wall, there are some evidences that the turbulence in the outer layer has a universal characteristics and it may be possible to give a speculative interpretation that similarity of turbulent structures arises because Reynolds stress producing motion is similar regardless of different turbulence generation mechanisms embedded in both cases.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 2007년도 정기학술대회
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• pp.13-28
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• 2007

This is a speculative paper, describing a recently started effort to give a formal semantics to semantic annotation schemes. Semantic annotations are intended to capture certain semantic information in a text, which means that it only makes sense to use semantic annotations if these have a well-defined semantics. In practice, however, semantic annotation schemes are used that lack any formal semantics. In this paper we outline how existing approaches to the annotation of temporal information, semantic roles, and reference relations can be integrated in a single XML-based format and can be given a formal semantics by translating them into second-order logic. This is argued to offer an incremental aproach to the incorporation of semantic information in natural language processing that does not suffer from the problems of ambiguity and lack of robustness that are common to traditional approaches to computational semantics.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.57-79
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• 2000

Most model constructs in organization studies are descriptive in nature, and the conclusions relating to the model behavior over time are speculative. The usefulness of System Dynamics as a methodology for modeling and testing dynamic behavioral hypotheses in organizational behavioral studies is presented, and how to construct a System Dynamics model using simulation software(VENSIM) is shown, The well-know March and Simon motivation model is used to demonstrate the step by step application of System Dynamics to model of this type. The dynamic behavior of the model, both transient and steady state, is obtained, Even though the paper has focused on one model in the area of individual behavior, the approach is general and can be applied to other areas of organizational behavior as will. The usefulness of System Dynamics as a methodology for theory building is identified as well.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2020

Main research question of this study is about whether gated community (GC) as private urban governance gets along with local public goods by locating near to them. We examine this question through testing the Tiebout hypothesis from case study of Seoul, capital city of South Korea, in which GCs are so common to test the assumption empirically. For this, we examine the meaning of GC in 3 Es viewpoints; conceptualize the framework of Tieboutian co-evolution of GC and local public goods by hedonic price modeling. As a result, possibilities are found that GCs are to be seen from different point of view, viz. co-evolutionary mechanism between private and public governance; GCs effectively capture and represent the demand of residents for local public goods through voting by their collective locational choice. It allows us different kind of approach to investigate APTs as a co-evolutionary form of private and public urban order rather than seeing them only as a tool of speculative investment, particularly in rapidly urbanizing countries like Korea.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2021

Recent advances in Internet-of-Things and wearable computing have established computationally sufficient infrastructure to remove the barriers of physical locations. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of remote collaboration, work-from-home, teleconferencing, online education, digital twin, and metaverse enriched with various configurations of augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, and extended reality. Beyond specialized niche wearable applications in the medical and entertainment domains, we aim to identify the underlying characteristics of smartglass-enabled killer applications for everyday use. In this paper, we analyze intermediary roles in remote collaboration consisting of authoritative supervisors, synergetic collaborators, and speculative explorers. We also propose technical components for smartglass-assisted interactive remote collaboration composed of personal tracking, teleconference, and interaction components. More specifically, the application tasks of each intermediary role and objectives of three functional components are defined and elaborated.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.392-411
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• 2008

투기가 발생할 가능성이 높은 지역은 일정지역 내의 대다수 경제주체가 적응적 소유자와 수요자일 때 형성된다. 이 지역의 가격변동은 타 지역에 비해서 가격상승 폭이 크고, 개별 부동산들의 주변 부동산들과 가격변동의 방향이 동질적인 특성을 가진 가격변동 핫스팟 패턴을 형성한다. 본 연구의 목적은 투기과열지역을 정량적으로 탐색하기 위한 가격변동 핫스팟 탐색법을 개발하는 것이다. 가격변동 핫스팟 탐색법은 크게 2단계로 구성된다. 첫째 단계는 정규모형의 공간스캔통계량을 이용하여 타 지역에 비해 높은 가격상승이 이루어진 공간클러스터를 탐색한다. 둘째 단계는 국지 모란 I를 이용하여 공간클러스터 내의 개별부동산들이 그 주변 부동산과의 가격변동 방향이 동질적인가, 즉 공간연관성을 가지는가를 평가한다. 개발된 방법을 공간적으로는 참여정부에서 부동산 문제의 중심으로 알려진 서울시 강남 서초 송파구에 적용하였고, 시간적으로는 참여정부 주요 부동산 대책의 하나인 10.20 대책을 전후로 한 2해3년 8,9,10,11월의 가격변동 자료에 적용하였다. 10.29 대책발표 전인 8,9월에는 개포동을 중심으로 가격변동 핫스팟이 발견되었고, 10월은 10.29 대책에 의해서 소강상태를 보이다가 11월에는 가격변동 콜드스팟이 발견되었다. 이 결과는 제안된 방법이 기존 단순 시각화만을 통해서 탐색할 수 없었던 투기과열지역을 정량적 방법을 통해서 시공간적으로 탐색할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2005

As a circumstantial-existance character (the human character who takes action after grasping circumstances and fears things with reason) the Japanese were more interested in the active doctrines of Wang Yang-ming than other speculative studies. All of people were inhumanely incorporated into the rigorous class system under pressure in the samurai society. In the atmosphere of the society a natural phenomenon was understood as the ksana of change, and instead of the whole, the part was mainly described with emphasis on the reality. Therefore nature came near to the man after being reduced and then was symbolized in the Interior space. Also the classification of spaces, that is to say, the settlement of borders by the social position was shown in the great interior space like a labyrinth. As a self-existance character(the human style who carves out for and does not have a regard other's feeling), however, the Korean were much influenced by the Taoist Idea as they tried to be similar to nature in nature itself. Therefore the idea of Asaniskrota was in their origin. There was a tendency for space to be extended toward the outdoor in Korea, since the Korean people who are speculative and like to be natural tried to be close to nature. Therefore the division of spaces according to class and sexuality and the settlement of borders were already shown in outside by Che-Na-Num(Divided-Mass:Koren's own style). These are closely related with that houses were built after a village settle down in Korea while built before a village settle down in Japan. Architectural space consists of the interior and the exterior. The layout and (on of architectural space has a great variety of characters by region and culture. In other words, it can be understood which has a priority between the interior and the exterior in developing the layout and the form of architectural space. Belonging to the culture area of Chinese characters with Korea, Japan has maintained its own Identity. It has an identity in the layout and form of architectural space as well. Therefore, the architecture and architectural theories of the two countries were compared and analyzed with priority given to the traditional architecture, also the backgrounds of architecture and architectural theories of two countries were examined in this study. This study shows that each country has different characters in how to introduce nature, how to expand space and how to compose windows, including the view of nature and the cult of space. As a result, the space in Korean architecture has relatively the exterior-oriented character but in Japan architecture spatial character is interior-oriented. The interior-oriented character can be relevant to the word 'reduction' and the exterior-oriented character to 'extension' after all. Also it can be thought that each character has a great relation with climate and idea of people in power.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1411-1414
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• 2016

Background: Eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) is an eosinophil count more than 10% on cytology of pleural samples. Recently, it was reported that malignancy had been the most prevalent cause inducing EPE. Therefore, we conducted an analysis on the prevalence and etiology of EPE and investigated the relationship between EPE and malignancy. Materials and Methods: Data for pleural cell differential count from patients receiving thoracentesis during the period from January 2008 to December 2013 were compared with clinical data and established diagnosis of patients obtained via electronic chart review. Results: A total of 6,801 requests of pleural cytology from 3,942 patients with pleural effusion who had received thoracentesis were available at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital from 2008 to 2013, and of these subjects, 115 (2.9%) were found to have EPE. The most frequent cause of EPE was malignancy (33.0%, n=38), followed by parapneumonic effusions (27.8%, n=32), tuberculosis pleuritis (13.9%, n=16), transudate effusions (12.2%, n=14) and the presence of blood or air in pleural space (10.4%, n=12). Additionally, an inverse relationship of eosinophilia in pleural fluid was identified in patients with malignancy and EPE. The cut-off eosinophil count in pleural fluid was 15% for the most accurate discrimination between malignancy and benign disorders in patients with EPE. At the cut-off level, the sensitivity and specificity were 65.8% and 67.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Pleural fluid eosinophilia was a speculative negative predictor for malignancy, despite the fact that cancers, including lung cancers and metastatic cancers to lung, were the most leading cause of pleural fluid eosinophilia. An inverse correlation was observed between the pleural eosinophil percentage and the likelihood of malignancy in patients with EPE.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제72권
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• pp.317-339
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• 2022

연구 목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 기독교대학의 인성 교육을 위한 교양교과를 개발하는 것이다. 연구 내용 및 방법 : 기독교대학은 인성의 기독교교육적 해석을 통한 기독교적 인성교육을 시도할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 기독교적 인성교육이 다루어야 할 인성을, 사회화의 측면이 강조된 성품(character)이나 개인의 고유한 성격(personality)보다는 인간다움(humanity)으로 정의한다. 인간다움이란 곧 인간이 가진 조건에 대한 이해에서 출발하며 인간의 존재론적 물음에 기초한 자신과 타자에 대한 관점이자 삶의 방식이다. 인간은 발달적 위기를 가진 존재이며 실존적 불안을 껴안은 한계적 존재이다. 따라서 기독교대학의 인성교육은 자신이 어떤 존재인지 이해하고 자신과 세계를 이해하는 인식론의 전환을 위해 유한한 인간의 공허(the void)를 마주하는 자리가 되어야 한다. 기독교적 인성교육은 자아와 경험된 실재에 대한 2차원적 이해에서 확장하여 궁극적 진리에 대한 사변적 성찰적 추구를 목적으로 하는 테오리아(theoria)와 인간의 행위에 대한 성찰과 성찰적 행위의 상호작용으로 이루어지는 프락시스(praxis)의 형태로 가능하다. 결론 및 제언 : 따라서 본 연구는 기독교대학의 인성교육을 위한 교양교과의 사례로서 인성에 대한 사변적이고 성찰적 이해에 초점을 둔 교과와, 인성의 맥락인 실제 사회적 상황 속에 성찰적으로 참여하는 이해에 초점을 둔 교과를 개발하였다.