• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제21권4_spc호
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• pp.449-462
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• 2014

As mobile traffic is growing, the demand for spectrum is increasing but the deficiency of spectrum becomes serious as the supply is restricted essentially. For resolving the issue, spectrum sharing system is discussed from the technical and regulatory point of view, where multiple radio users occupy same frequency. In this paper, the policies and adoptions of spectrum sharing system in some countries are analyzed with a focus on TV white space and licensed shared access, which are based on unlicensed and licensed spectrum usage respectively. Some legal and regulatory plans to adopt and activate spectrum sharing in the Radio Waves Act system of Korea are proposed as well.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.295-309
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• 2016

Spectrum sensing is an essential function that enables cognitive radio technology to explore spectral holes and resourcefully access them without any harmful interference to the licenses user. Spectrum sensing done by a single node is highly affected by fading and shadowing. Thus, to overcome this, cooperative spectrum sensing was introduced. Currently, the advancements in multiple antennas have given a new dimension to cognitive radio research. In this paper, we propose a multiple energy detector for cooperative spectrum sensing schemes based on the evidence theory. Also, we propose a reporting mechanism for multiple energy detectors. With our proposed system, we show that a multiple energy detector using a cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on evidence theory increases the reliability of the system, which ultimately increases the spectrum sensing and reduces the reporting time. Also in simulation results, we show the probability of error for the proposed system. Our simulation results show that our proposed system outperforms the conventional energy detector system.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1489-1503
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• 2018

Spectrum reuse has attracted much concern of researchers and scientists, however, the dynamic spectrum access is challenging, since an individual secondary user usually just has limited sensing abilities. One key insight is that spectrum usage forecasting among secondary users, this inspiration enables users to obtain more informed spectrum opportunities. Therefore, spectrum usage forecasting is vital to cognitive radio networks (CRNs). With this insight, a spectrum usage forecasting model for the occurrence of primary users prediction is derived in this paper. The proposed model is based on auto regressive enhanced primary user emergence reasoning (AR-PUER), which combines linear prediction and primary user emergence reasoning. Historical samples are selected to train the spectrum usage forecasting model in order to capture the current distinction pattern of primary users. The proposed scheme does not require the knowledge of signal or of noise power. To verify the performance of proposed spectrum usage forecasting model, we apply it to the data during the past two months, and then compare it with some other sensing techniques. The simulation results demonstrate that the spectrum usage forecasting model is effective and generates the most accurate prediction of primary users occasion in several cases.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.976-986
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• 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) is considered the future network to support wireless communications. To realize an IoT network, sufficient spectrum should be allocated for the rapidly increasing IoT devices. Through cognitive radio, unlicensed IoT devices exploit cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) to opportunistically access a licensed spectrum without causing harmful interference to licensed primary users (PUs), thereby effectively improving the spectrum utilization. However, an open access cognitive IoT allows abnormal IoT devices to undermine the CSS process. Herein, we first establish a hard-combining attack model according to the malicious behavior of falsifying sensing data. Subsequently, we propose a weighted sequential hypothesis test (WSHT) to increase the PU detection accuracy and decrease the sampling number, which comprises the data transmission status-trust evaluation mechanism, sensing data availability, and sequential hypothesis test. Finally, simulation results show that when various attacks are encountered, the requirements of the WSHT are less than those of the conventional WSHT for a better detection performance.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 국내 서해안에 설치된 HeMOSU-2 기상타워에서 5 Hz 간격으로 관측한 수면변동자료를 이용하여 파랑 스펙트럼 정보를 산정하였으며, 이를 통해 파랑 매개변수를 추정하였다. 모든 유의 파고 범위에 대하여 관측 스펙트럼을 기준으로 JONSWAP 스펙트럼의 첨두증대계수(γ_opt)와 수정 BM 스펙트럼의 척도계수(α) 및 형상계수(β)를 추정하였으며, 각각의 매개변수 분포를 확인하였다. 분석 결과, JONSWAP 스펙트럼의 첨두증대계수(γ_opt)는 기존에 제안되고 있는 3.3에 비해 매우 낮은 수준인 1.27로 산정됐으며, 전체 파고 범위에서 첨두증대계수(γ_opt)의 분포는 확률질량함수와 확률밀도함수의 결합형태로 나타났다. 또한, 수정 BM 스펙트럼의 척도계수(α) 및 형상계수(β)는 기존 [0.300, -1.098]에 비해 낮은 수준인 [0.253, -1.377]로 추정됐으며, 두 매개변수간 선형 상관관계 분석 결과 β = -3.86α로 나타났다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2008

This study was carried out to find a useful method to predict hardness of tomato using optical spectrum data. Optical spectrum of reflectance and transmittance data were collected processed by 9 kind of preprocessing methods-normalizations of mean, maximum and range, SNV (standard normal variate), MSC (multiplicative scatter correction), the first derivative and second derivative of Savitzky-Golay and Norris-Gap. With the preprocessed and non-processed original spectrum data, prediction models of hardness of tomato were developed using analytical tools of PLS (partial least squares) and MLR (multiple linear regression) and tested for their validation. The test of validation resulted that the analytical tools of PLS and MLR output similar performances while the transmittance spectra showed much better result than the reflectance spectra.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 MBOK 확산 스펙트럼 기반의 지상파 DMB 워터마킹 성능 향상 알고리즘에 대해 알아보았다. 제안된 기법을 지상파 DMB 시스템에 적용함으로써 워터마킹 확산코드를 통한 부가 정보 전송이 가능하고 주파수 효율도 개선되었다. MBOK 확산 스펙트럼 방식을 사용할 경우 기존의 직접 확산 방식에 비해 속도가 2m배 향상되지만, m값이 커질수록 하드웨어의 복잡도가 증가하기 때문에 최적 상황에 맞게 검토하여 사용해야한다. 모의실험을 통하여 MBOK 확산 스펙트럼 기법 및 데이터를 반복하여 전송하는 에버리징을 적용한 성능을 분석하였고, 유용성을 확인하였다. 모의실험 을 통하여 MBOK 확산 스펙트럼 기법의 DER 성능 및 에버리징의 수가 증가할수록 성능이 향상되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 기술은 전송 방식으로 OFDM을 사용하는 통신 시스템에서 워터마킹을 이용한 부가 정보 전송 기술 연구를 위한 유용한 자료로 활용할 수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.2561-2576
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• 2013

The ship ad-hoc network (SANET) extends the coverage of the high data-rate terrestrial communications to the ships with the reduced cost in maritime communications. Cognitive radio (CR) has the ability of sensing the radio environment and dynamically reconfiguring the operating parameters, which can make SANET utilize the spectrum efficiently. However, due to the dynamic topology nature and no central entity for data fusion in SANET, the interference brought into the primary network caused by the hidden primary user requires to be carefully managed by a sort of decentralized cooperative spectrum sensing schemes. In this paper, we propose a self-weighted decentralized cooperative spectrum sensing (SWDCSS) scheme to solve such a problem. The analytical and simulation results show that the proposed SWDCSS scheme is reliable to detect the primary user in SANET. As a result, secondary network can efficiently utilize the spectrum band of primary network with little interference to primary network. Referring the complementary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we observe that with a given false alarm probability, our proposed algorithm reduces the missing probability by 27% than the traditional embedded spectrally agile radio protocol for evacuation (ESCAPE) algorithm in the best condition.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.767-774
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 우리나라에서 운용 중인 4개 제조사 윈드프로파일러의 성능 평가 및 품질관리의 방향성을 제시하기 위해 원시 스펙트럼 자료를 분석하였다. 계절별로 평균한 스펙트럼의 프로파일과 파워 스펙트럼 밀도(PSD, Power Spectrum Density)로 산출한 4가지 통계값(최소, 평균, 중앙, 최댓값)의 프로파일을 활용하였다. 스펙트럼 자료의 품질은 LAP-3000이 가장 우수하였고, YKJ3, PCL-1300, CLC-11-H가 뒤를 이었다. 철원과 추풍령에 설치된 PCL-1300은 지형과 비기상 신호로 인한 스펙트럼의 변동성이 커서 지형 클러터 제거와 이동평균, 멀티피크 등의 신호처리 과정이 요구되었다. 군산과 파주에 설치된 CLC-11-H는 직류 치우침과 전파거리 접힘 현상이 발견되어 직류 치우침 제거와 관측 유효 고도 제한이 선행될 필요가 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.289-304
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• 2010

This paper proposes a novel scheme for cooperative spectrum sensing on distributed cognitive radio networks. A fuzzy logic rule - based inference system is proposed to estimate the presence possibility of the licensed user's signal based on the observed energy at each cognitive radio terminal. The estimated results are aggregated to make the final sensing decision at the fusion center. Simulation results show that significant improvement of the spectrum sensing accuracy is achieved by our schemes.