• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.29-58
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• 2011

Using careful background research and methodology, we proposed a revised sectoral index of vulnerability that is directly applied to two central labor examples: working hours and minimum wages. The valued calculated by each specific index represent the degree of weakness in corresponding conditions at the level of workplace units. Our proposed vulnerability index promises to be applicable to all business units under labor spot inspection. Also, it can be easily updated as the business environment evolves. The index is useful in selecting certain groups of business units and in evaluating the effectiveness of each regional government office.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.213-223
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• 2017

Bridges are lifeline and integral components of transportation system that are susceptible to seismic actions, their vulnerability assessment is essential for seismic risk assessment and mitigation. The vulnerability assessment of bridges common in Pakistan is very important as it is seismically very active region and the available code for the seismic design of bridges is obsolete. This research presents seismic vulnerability assessment of three real case simply supported multi-span reinforced concrete bridges commonly found in northern Pakistan, having one, two and three bents with circular piers. The vulnerability assessment is carried through the non-linear dynamic time history analyses for the derivation of fragility curves. Finite element based numerical models of the bridges were developed in MIDAS CIVIL (2015) and analyzed through with non-linear dynamic and incremental dynamic analyses, using a suite of bridge-specific natural spectrum compatible ground motion records. Seismic responses of shear key, bearing pad, expansion joint and pier components of each bridges were recorded during analysis and retrieved for performance based analysis. Fragility curves were developed for the bearing pads, shear key, expansion joint and pier of the bridges that first reach ultimate limit state. Dynamic analysis and the derived fragility curves show that ultimate limit state of bearing pads, shear keys and expansion joints of the bridges exceed first, followed by the piers ultimate limit state for all the three bridges. Mean collapse capacities computed for all the components indicated that bearing pads, expansion joints, and shear keys exceed the ultimate limit state at lowest seismic intensities.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.10
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• pp.445-460
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• 2013

Mobile applications today are being offered as various services depending on the mobile device and mobile environment of users. This increase in mobile applications has shifted the spotlight to their vulnerability. As an effective method of security verification, this paper proposes "phase-wise security verification for the implementation of mobile applications". This method allows additional security verification by covering specific items across a wider range compared to existing methods. Based on the identified weaknesses, it detects the cause of vulnerability and monitors the related settings.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2011

Recently, due to a series of DDoS attacks, government agencies have enhanced security measures and business-related legislation. However, service attack and large network violations or accidents are most likely to occur repeatedly in the near future. In order to prevent this problem, researches must be conducted to predict the vulnerability in advance. The existing research methods do not state the specific data used for the base of the prediction, making the method more complex and imprecise. Therefore this study was conducted using the vulnerability data used for the basis of machine learning technology prediction, which were retrieved from a reputable organization. Also, the study suggested ways to predict the future vulnerabilities based on the weaknesses found in prior methods, and certified the efficiency using experiments.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.367-392
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• 2020

The specific characteristics of near-field earthquake records can lead to different dynamic responses of bridges compared to far-field records. However, the effect of near-field strong ground motion has often been neglected in the seismic performance assessment of the bridges. Furthermore, damage to horizontally curved multi-frame RC box-girder bridges in the past earthquakes has intensified the potential of seismic vulnerability of these structures due to their distinctive dynamic behavior. Based on the nonlinear time history analyses in OpenSEES, this article, assesses the effects of near-field versus far-field earthquakes on the seismic performance of horizontally curved multi-frame RC box-girder bridges by accounting the vertical component of the earthquake records. Analytical seismic fragility curves have been derived thru considering uncertainties in the earthquake records, material and geometric properties of bridges. The findings indicate that near-field effects reasonably increase the seismic vulnerability in this bridge sub-class. The results pave the way for future regional risk assessments regarding the importance of either including or excluding near-field effects on the seismic performance of horizontally curved bridges.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.345-358
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop the Internet vulnerability index of adolescents. To do this, we used the original data of long - term follow - up survey for the internet overdependency cause analysis conducted by NIA in 2018, and analyzed the correlation between alternatives of internet vulnerability index and personal psychology by using linear regression analysis. Factor analysis showed that the relationship with the surroundings was indexed by adding 9 items to positive factors such as family acceptance, peer attachment, and teacher favorability. The relationship between the surroundings and self - stigmatization is confirmed, and the relationship between the surroundings and the Internet fragility is predicted to be negatively related, and the digital capacity is also assumed to be negatively correlated with the Internet vulnerability. In order to develop the specific form of the Internet vulnerability index, personal psychology and linear regression analysis were conducted. As a result, positive factors and R value of personal psychology were increased when considering the relationship with the environment and the digital capacity rather than the Internet overdependency model. Based on these implications, we discussed the implications and limitations of this study.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

In actual battlefield environment, the naval ships which have specific missions have to respond to the attack of hostile forces. Especially, in modern warfare, the importance of the survivability of naval ships are increasing due to the high lethality of armaments. Naval ship survivability is generally considered to encompass three constituents, susceptibility, vulnerability and recoverability. Recently, among these three constituents, many researches on vulnerability have been conducted. However, for the vulnerability of naval ships, most of researches are aimed towards the detailed design stages where implementing changes is heavily constrained or even impractical. In this paper, vulnerability assessment model for naval ships on a theater engagement is developed by using M&S technique. By using this model, the characteristics of platform and armaments are reflected on the damage of naval ship. The basic logic of damage assessment is also considered in detail. The damage status of the naval ship is quantified by defining a representative state index of onboard equipment for each system.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.67-75
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• 2015

Today, because human settlements are concentrated into urban area, urban planning and management technique considering the complexity, diversity, and advanced situations of urban living space is being requested. Especially, to effectively respond to large and diverse climate change driven disaster, it is necessary to develop urban planning technique including land use, infrastructure planning based on disaster vulnerability analysis. However, because current urban climate change disaster vulnerability analysis system(UC-VAS) is using census output area as spatial analysis unit, it is difficult to utilize the analysis results for specific urban planning. Instead, this study applies the grid manner to two study areas. The analysis results show that it can generate more detailed results and it can be used for detailed zoning decision by comparing with areal photos. Furthermore, by describing the limitation of the grid manner and providing professional way to secure additional scientific character and objectivity of the future urban climate change disaster vulnerability analysis system, it is expected that this study contributes to the effectiveness of system management.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.725-730
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• 2017

The use of general IT resources in the Instrumentation and Control system(I&C) for the safety of Nuclear Power Plants(NPPs) is increasing. As a result, potential security vulnerabilities of existing IT resources may cause cyber attack to NPPs, which may cause serious consequences not only to shutdown of NPPs but also to national disasters. In order to respond to this, domestic nuclear regulatory agencies are developing guidelines for regulating nuclear cyber security regulations and expanding the range of regulatory targets. However, it is necessary to take measures to cope with not only general security problems of NPPs but also attacks specific to NPPs. In this paper, we select 42 items related to the vulnerability inspection in the contents defined in R.G.5.71 and classify it into 5 types. If the vulnerability inspection tool is developed based on the proposed analysis, it will be possible to improve the inspection efficiency of the cyber security vulnerability of the NPPs.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2008

A methodology for the seismic vulnerability assessment of historical monuments is presented in this paper. The ongoing work has been conducted in Tunisia within the framework of the FP6 European Union project (WIND-CHIME) on the use of appropriate modern seismic protective systems in the conservation of Mediterranean historical buildings in earthquake-prone areas. The case study is the five-century-old Zaouia of Sidi Kassem Djilizi, located downtown Tunis, the capital of Tunisia. Ambient vibration tests were conducted on the case study using a number of force-balance accelerometers placed at selected locations. The Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) technique was applied to extract the dynamic characteristics of the monument. A 3-D finite element model was developed and updated to obtain reasonable correlation between experimental and numerical modal properties. The set of parameters selected for the updating consists of the modulus of elasticity in each wall element of the finite element model. Seismic vulnerability assessment of the case study was carried out via three-dimensional time-history dynamic analyses of the structure. Dynamic stresses were computed and damage was evaluated according to a masonry specific plane failure criterion. Statistics on the occurrence, location and type of failure provide a general view for the probable damage level and mode. Results indicate a high vulnerability that confirms the need for intervention and retrofit.