• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2001

This experiment was focused on the characterization of anti- Toxoplasma monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the effect of mAbs on the parasite invasion of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Twenty eight mAbs including M110, M556, R7A6 and M62l were characterized by Ab titer, immunoglobulin isotyping and western blot pattern. Antibody titer (optical density) of 4 mAbs. Ml 10. M556. R7A6 and M62l. were 0.53,0.67, 0.45 and 0.39 (normal mouse serum; 0.19) with the same IgGl isotypes shown by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analysis showed that Ml 10. M556. R7A6 and M62l reacted with the 33 kDa (p30),31 kDa (p28),43 kDa and 36 kDa protein. Immuno-gold labelling of mAbs M110, M556, R7A6 and M621 reacted with the surface membrane, dense granules and parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) , rhoptries and cytoplasm of tachyzoite, respectively. For in vitro assay, preincubation of tachyzoties with four mAbs, Ml 10, M556, R7A6 and M62l resulted in the decrease of the number of infected macrophages (p < 0.05) and the suppression of parasite multiplication at 18 h post-infection. Four monoclonal antibodies including Ml 10 (SAGI) were found to have an important role in the inhibition of macrophage invasion and T. gondii multiplication in vitro, and these mAbs may be suitable for vaccine candidates, diagnostic kit and for chemotherapy.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2009

Effects of bipolar pulse driving frequency between 50 kHz and 250 kHz on the discharge shapes were analyzed by measuring plasma characteristics by OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy) and Langmuir probe. Plasma characteristics were modeled by a simple electric field analysis and fluid plasma modeling. Discharge shapes by a continuous dc and bipolar pulsed dc were different as a dome-type and a vertical column-type at the cathode. From OES, the intensity of 811.5 nm wavelength, the one of the main peaks of Ar, decreased to about 43% from a continuous dc to 100 kHz. For increasing from 100 kHz to 250 kHz, the intensity of 811.5 nm wavelength also decreased by 46%. The electron density decreased by 74% and the electron temperature increased by 36% at the specific position due to the smaller and denser discharge shape for increasing pulse frequency. Through the numerical analysis, the negative glow shape of a continuous dc were similar to the electric potential distribution by FEM (Finite Element Method). For the bipolar pulsed dc, we found that the electron temperature increased to maximum 10 eV due to the voltage spikes by the fast electron acceleration generated in pre-sheath. This may induce the electrons and ions from plasma to increase the energetic substrate bombardment for the dense thin film growth.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2006

In this paper, we describe a bio-fluidic device for adaptive sample pretreatment, in order to optimize the conditions under which absorbance assays can be conducted. This device can be successfully applied to the measurement of Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations using adaptive dilution, with which the dilution ratio can be adjusted during the dilution. Although many attempts have been previously made to miniaturize complex biochemical analyses at the chip scale, very few sample pretreatment processes have actually been miniaturized or automated at this point. Due to the lack of currently available on-chip pretreatments, analytical instruments tend to suffer from a limited range of analysis. This occasionally hinders the direct and quantitative analysis of specific analyses obtained from real samples. In order to overcome these issues, we exploit two novel strategies: dilution with a programmable ratio, and to-and-fro mixing. The bio-fluidic device consists of a rectangular chamber constructed of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). This chamber has four openings, an inlet, an outlet, an air control, and an air vent. Each of the dilution cycles is comprised of four steps: detection, liquid drain, buffer injection, and to-and-fro mixing. When using adaptive sample pretreatment, the range in which E. coli concentrations can be measured is broadened, to an optical density (O.D.) range of $0.3{\sim}30$. This device may prove useful in the on-line monitoring of cell concentrations, in both fermenter and aqueous environments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2021

Flooding damage may occur due to an unexpected increase in rainfall in summer. Previously, the roughness coefficient, which is a major factor of conveyance, was calculated through on-site measurement, but in case of on-site measurement, there are many limits in accurately grasping changes in vegetation. In this study, the vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated using the Sentinel-2 optical images, and the modified roughness coefficient was calculated through the density and distribution area of the vegetation. Then the calculated roughness coefficient was applied to HEC-RAS 1D model and verified by comparing the results with the water level at the water level station directly downstream of the Soyang River dam. As a result, the error rate of the water level decreased about 14% compared to applying the previous roughness coefficient. Through this, it is expected that it will be possible to refine the flood level of rivers in consideration of seasonal flood characteristics and to efficiently maintain rivers in specific sections.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 1994

The structural characteristics of Antheraea yamamai and Antheraea pernyi silk were investigated by using x-ray diffraction method, IR spectroscopy and polarizing microscopy. The amino acid composition, fiber density, thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature were also measured for relating these physical properties to the structure in comparison with those of Bombyx mori silk fiber. There was no significant structural difference between A. yamamai and A. pernyi silk fiber on an examination of x-ray diffraction curve and IR spectrum. Both of these wild silk fibers showed double diffraction peaks at the Bragg angle 2Θ16.7˚ and 20.5˚by x-ray diffraction analysis as well as IR absorption peaks for the bending vibration of specific groups related to ala-ala amino acid sequence. On the other hand, the x-ray diffraction curve and IR spectrum of Bombyx mori silk fiber are different from those of wild silk fibers, indicating different crystal structure as well as amino acid sequences. It showed under the polarizing microscope examination that the birefringence and optical orientation factor of wild silk fibers are much lower than those of B. mori silk. Also, the surface of degummed wild silk fibers was characterized by the longitudinal stripes of microfibrils in the direction of fiber axies. The amino acid composition, which is strongly related to the fine structure and properties, was not significantly different between these two wild silk fibers. However, the alanine content was somewhat less and polar amino acid content more for A. yamamai. As a result of fiber density measurement, the specific gravities of B. mori, A. pernyi and A. yamamai were 1.355~1.356, 1.308~1.311, 1.265~1.301g/㎤ in the order, respectively. The calculated crystallinity(%) was 64% for B. mori and 51~52% for wild silk fibers, which showed same trend by IR method in spite of somewhat higher value. The thermal decomposition behaviour was examined by DSC and TGA, showing that the degradation temperature was in the order of B mori, A. prernyi and A. yamamai at around 350$^{\circ}C$. It was also observed by TGA that the decomposition seems to proceed step by step according to their specific regions in the fiber structure, resulting the difference in their thermal stabilities. The glass transition temperature was turned out to be 220$^{\circ}C$ for B. mori, 240$^{\circ}C$ A. yamamai and 255$^{\circ}C$ A. pernyi by the dynamic mechanical analysis. It is expected that the chemical properties are affected by the dynamic mechanical behavior in accordance with their structural characters.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2009

The stability of immunoglobulin M (IgM) on different serum storage conditions and specific antibody response were tested using the serum collected from sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To test the effect of storage temperature and duration, sevenband grouper antiserum against bovine serum albumin (BSA) was stored at -80, -20 or 4${^{\circ}C}$ for 1, 34, 61 or 119 days. In addition, to test the effect of repeated freeze-thawing condition, the anti-BSA fish serum was frozen at -20 and -80${^{\circ}C}$ and then thawn and frozen for 1, 5 or 10 times repeatedly. Consequently, no significant difference was found in ELISA optical density (O.D.) values of sera for the above mentioned storage conditions: different temperatures (-80, -20 and 4${^{\circ}C}$), durations of storage (1, 34, 61 and 119 days), and repeated thaw-freeze cycles (1, 5, and 10 times), indicating that IgMs of test fish were stable. The specific antibody response of sevenband grouper was observed after BSA-immunization of the test fish reared at 20 ${^{\circ}C}$ or 25${^{\circ}C}$. At the rearing temperature of 20${^{\circ}C}$, the specific antibody against BSA first appeared at 14 days and maximum antibody titer was observed between 21 and 28 days, while at the rearing temperature of 25 ${^{\circ}C}$, specific antibody appeared at 7 days and maximum antibody titer was observed between 14 and 21 days. In conclusion, the rearing temperature at 25${^{\circ}C}$ gave a faster and higher specific antibody response than at 20${^{\circ}C}$ and the specific antibody response maintained for approximately 2 months at 20℃ and 25${^{\circ}C}$.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.218-229
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• 2022

We have investigated reliable inspection methods for finding the defects generated during the manufacturing process of lightweight, large-aperture satellite telescope mirrors using silicon carbide, and we have measured the basic physical properties of the mirrors. We applied the advanced ceramic material (ACM) method, a combined method using liquid-silicon penetration sintering and chemical vapor deposition for the carbon molded body, to manufacture four SiC mirrors of different sizes and shapes. We have provided the defect standards for the reflectors systematically by classifying the defects according to the size and shape of the mirrors, and have suggested effective nondestructive methods for mirror surface inspection and internal defect detection. In addition, we have analyzed the measurements of 14 physical parameters (including density, modulus of elasticity, specific heat, and heat-transfer coefficient) that are required to design the mirrors and to predict the mechanical and thermal stability of the final products. In particular, we have studied the detailed measurement methods and results for the elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, and flexural strength to improve the reliability of mechanical property tests.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.828-832
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• 2004

Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to quantify soy protein in fresh soybean curd (bean curd) produced by combination of genetically modified (GM) and genetically not modified (non-GM) soybeans. Antibodies against 113 and 24 kDa proteins, which appeared only in non-GM bean curd (specific band), and in both non-GM and GM bean curds (non-specific band) based on SDS-PAGE results, were prepared by immunization to rabbit. Through ELISA using either antibody, GM bean curd protein content was determined at dilution rates of $10^{-1}-10^{-6}$. Standard curve showing relationship between ELISA optical density and non-GM protein content was produced using antibody against 113 kDa protein at protein dilution between $10^{-7}\;to\;10^{-6}$, highly antigen content-dependent dilution. Bean curd prepared by random combinations of GM and non-GM soybeans were analyzed by ELISA, and standard curve was produced. Results reveal non-GM protein content of bean curd could be quantified with higher than 93% accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 1999

This study was carried out to analyze the genetic polymorphisms of genomic DNA of blood and meat for conservation of the genetic resources and genetic improvement of Korean Native goat. The genetic identification between Korean Native goat and imported goat was examined using RAPD(random amplified polymorphisms DNAs) analysis with 30 Korean Native goat, 10 hybrid, 10 imported goat. 10 Korean native goat meat and 10 imported goat meat. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows: 1. Genomic DNA from Korean native goat, hybrid and imported goat could be obtained above about 23kb size using 0.5% agarose gel electrophoresis and the ratio of optical density at 260nm to that at 280nm was between 1.7 and 2.0 using UV spectrophtometer instrument. 2. In the results of the gene identification between Korean Native goat and hybrid, and imported goat using RAPD methods with random primer of 110 kinds, only Korean native goat showed a specific band at about 369bp using a random primer OPO-19 (5'-CAA ACG TCG G-3'), but imported goat and hybrid not showed. 3. Also, in the results of the gene identification between Korean Native goat meat and imported goat meat using RAPD methods with random primer, Korean native goat only showed a specific band at about 369bp using a random primer No. 19(5'-CAA ACG TCG G-3'), but imported goat not showed.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

The specific antibody response of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus to different water temperature were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the rearing temperature of $15^{\circ}C$, first anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibody titer was appeared after 14 days of immunization, whereas 24~48 days post-immunization (PI) resulted maximum antibody titer in all 5 experimental fish with optical density (OD) values 1.94~3.04. At the end of the experiment (84 days), 0.03~1.28 OD values were observed. In the rearing temperature of $12{\sim}13^{\circ}C$, first antibody titer was found 28 days PI in 2 out of 5 fish. Three fish shown high OD titer (1.88~2.68) between 56 and 70 days and OD values of 0.49 to 2.35 were observed at 84 days. However, the anti-BSA antibodies of two fish showed less than 0.8 OD values until 84 days. In the rearing temperature of $10^{\circ}C$, specific antibody appeared at 56 days, maximum antibody titer was observed at 70 days in 2 out of 5 fish (OD values: 1.37~1.53) and 1.00 to 1.11 OD values were observed at 84 days. Rest 3 fish showed OD values of 0.12 to 0.68 much below to that of other 2 fish, throughout the experimental period. In conclusion, specific antibody response of olive flounder at high temperature was much faster, higher and longer than that at lower temperature.