• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 2021

In order to secure basic data on biodiversity for wetland conservation and management used the data from Wetland Protected Area surveys conducted in South Korea (2015-2019) to analyze the distribution of fish from a total of 15 orders, 45 families, 134 species, and 12,972 individuals. The predominant species identified were Zacco platypus (Temminck and Schlegel) (19.47%) and Zacco koreanus (Kim, Oh and Hosoya) (8.16%). Of all emergent species, 52.9% (n=71 species) were freshwater species, 26.9% (n=36) were brackish species, 3.0% (n=4) were migratory species, 27% (n=36) were marine species, and 9.0% (n=12) were riffle benthic species. Overall, 5.2% (n=7 species) were endangered species, 3.0% (n=4) were exotic species, and 23.1% (n=31) were Korean endemic species. The eight identified Wetland Protected Areas (WPA) were classified based on their habitat characteristics and on the analysis of their emergent fish communities, as estuarine (n=2), coastal dune (n=1), marsh (n=2), stream (n=2), and stream-marsh (n=1) types. The environmental factors revealed to have the greatest influence on the species diversity of emergent fish were maintenance and repair, installation of reservoirs, and construction of artificial wetlands around them. The present study offers basic information on the diversity of fish species in different Wetland Protected Area types that can be used to inform conservation and management decisions for WPA.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.489-494
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• 2006

For the ecosystem conservation and the effective management of naturalized plant species on 261 uninhabited islands distributed in southern and western sea in Korea, we tested the interrelationship between the pattern of distribution and dispersal of the naturalized plant species and the factors of geographical environment of uninhabited islands such as island area, distance from mainland, latitude, longitude, human impacts and habitat diversity. Out of 261 uninhabited islands surveyed, 106 species of the naturalized plants occurred on 229 (87.7%) islands. The naturalized plant species per island averaged 4.6 (SD=4.07) species, and plant species number were higher in southern group (87 species) than in western group (64 species) of islands. Plant species occurred on more than 100 islands were three species : Rumex crispus L. (153 islands), Erigeron annuus Pers. (130 islands), and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (121 islands), the highest grade '5' of 'degree of naturalization'. The occurrence frequency of 106 naturalized plant species was significantly correlated with island area, distance to mainland, strength of human impacts, and latitude and longitude. Correlation coefficient (r=-0.330) between occurrence frequency and distance from mainland was higher than between occurrence frequency and island area (r=-0.182). The result of path analysis confirmed that plant species number was significantly affected by island area p=0.336) and distance from mainland (p=-0.490), but in this analysis the effect of human impacts on plant species number was very weak (p=0.003). On the basis of these results, strategies on the conservation of ecosystem and the management of naturalized plant species in the uninhabited islands of Korea were discussed.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1278-1295
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• 2014

The Sixteenth Meeting of the Conferences of Parties of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which was held in March 2013 in Bangkok, Thailand, listed five shark species and one genus, and uplisted one sawfish species. All new species listings will be come into force of the eighteen months delay, on the fourteenth of September, 2014. The purpose of the delay is to support the preparation of the domestic measures on shark trade by the parties, as there has been no previous experience in trading the commercially exploited aquatic species in the CITES. The CITES Secretary-General has visited several potential shark trade countries to encourage and facilitate the implementation of the new CITES listings. The newly listed sharks have been caught as a target or non-target species by Korean distant water fisheries and introduced into Korea. So the establishment or change of the domestic laws, regulations, and measures for the implementation of the new CITES species must be prepared before the effective entry date. This paper is prepared to assess the effects of the trade of the CITES listed shark species, and to suggest effective government service measures for the management of Korean distant water fisheries. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) is the general Management Authority of the CITES, and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) is in charge of the medical trade of CITES listed species in Korea. By law, all imported medicines and medical materials must be inspected by the MFDS during the customs examination; this kind of authority sharing is reasonable and effective way of providing government service. Similarly, the designation of new CITES Management Authority for the trade of commercially exploited aquatic CITES species is critical and the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF), which is now in charge of the trade of fisheries products, is the most appropriate governing body for this purpose in Korea. The revision of the National Plan of Action for Conservation and Management of Sharks, initially submitted to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in 2011 as a practical guideline for shark conservation in all Korean fisheries, could be a effective measure to achieve unification of conservation of endangered species and sustainable use of fisheries stocks. The proper CITES measures for the trade of listed species, such as the establishment of the documenting system for Non-detriment Findings, domestic measures suitable for the "Introduction from the Sea" clause, species specific Harmonized System Codes for the customs service, and an effective shark catch data reporting system should be in place prior to the fourteenth of September 2014.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 2012

Located 60 km from southern tip of Korean peninsula, Jeju is the largest Island in Korea and composed of volcanic habitat. Twenty-eight species of terrestrial mammals are listed from Jeju Island, of which 1 species and 3 subspecies are endemic. Also, 1 endangered species and 4 invasive alien species of land mammals are listed. Current status, brief history, management and conservation of the 28 species are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.289-302
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• 2018

The study investigated the forest vegetation in 59 plots between June 2017 and August 2017 to understand the forest vegetation structure of the protected zone for forest genetic resource conservation (forest genetic resource reserve area) in Heuksando Island. We classified the vegetation using the Z-M phytosociological method analyzed the importance value and species diversity of each vegetation classification. The analysis showed the Camellia japonica community group at a top level of forest vegetation hierarchy. In the level of community, it was classified into Dendropanax morbiferus community (Vegetation unit 1; VU 1), Carpinus turczaninowii community, and C. japonica typical community (VU 6). C. turczaninowii community was subdivided into Buxus koreana group (VU 2), Rhododendron mucronulatum group (VU 3), Vitis amurensis group (VU 4) and C. turczaninowii typical group (VU 5). Therefore, it was classified into a total of six vegetation units (one community group, three communities, and four groups). The analysis of the mean codominant value of each VU show that Quercus acuta was the highest in VU 1, C. turczaninowii in VU 2, Pinus thunbergii in VU 3, Pinus densiflora in VU 4, and Castanopsis sieboldii in VU 5 and VU 6. The analysis of species diversity showed that VU 2 was the highest among six units in species richness index, species diversity index, and species evenness index. VU 6 showed the highest among six units in species dominance index. In conclusion, a synecology approach to manage six units and twelve species groups was needed for the forest vegetation of Heuksando Island protected area for forest genetic resource conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2 s.109
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• pp.48-59
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the ecological characteristics of herbaceous communities by systematic and scientific analysis of their structure and diversity in the Midongsan Arboretum and to offer raw data for a long-tenn monitoring study. The importance value and diversity index of species appearing in twenty plots from July to September, 2004 were analyzed and a management plan for these communities is presented. Vascular plants were represented by 60 taxa of 23 families, 51 genera, 50 species and 10 varieties. Based on the results of importance value analysis, the most dominant species was Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, followed by Setaria viridis and Erigeron canadensis. The diversity index analysis showed that plot no. 5 had the highest H' and H'_{max}$(2.0135 and 2.6391). It's species composition was comparatively more diverse and it's structure more stable than other plots. Artemisia montana and Dactylis glomerata showed the highest correlation between species. Because herbaceous communities are important biological habitats and provide important function in environmental conservation, it is important to properly preserve these communities. At the same time, in order to preserve genetic resources and improve spatial function, it may be necessary to consider removing herbaceous communities in certain areas. In the future, the relations between physicochemical soil properties and herbaceous communities should be examined and community movement should be studied.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.383-395
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• 2004

To evaluate the natural environmental conditions of the local areas, the methods using the plant species and plant community are discussed here, Based on Ohba's(1979), Nakanish's(1980a: 1980b), Okuda and Nakamura's(1989), and Haber et al.'s systems(1991), as the evalution-items, 9 in plant species level and 16 in plant community level are proposed. The evalution-items are classified as 3 criteria in plant species level and 4 criteria in plnat community level. The evalution method could be used to promote the spacial planning and to alleviate other administrative problems. Also it could be applied to decide conservation level of plant species and plant community.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.170-180
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• 2023

Discoveries and new records of plants specifically provide a basis for empirical data to enable in-depth studies of the ecology, distribution, conservation, applications, and threats to such plants. However, many unexplored regions of Bhutan exist in which several plants have yet to be described and documented. Several species reported elsewhere in the Himalayan region with similar climatic conditions are likely to occur in Bhutan as well, indicating a need to corroborate their presence. To explore this, an opportunistic survey was employed, and we provide nine new records of plant species for Bhutan. Of the nine species, three belonged to the Lauraceae family, with the rest from the Aristolochiaceae, Asparagaceae, Lamiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Sapindaceae, and Urticaceae families. This paper adds nine additional species of plants to the flora of Bhutan. We also report here ethnobotanical applications of these species, providing insight into how communities interact with environmental resources and have the potential to integrate traditional knowledge into scientific understanding, ultimately to reinforce sustainable biocultural conservation at the local level.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.132-135
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• 2012

This study was performed to isolate and identify the orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) from roots of five species of terrestrial orchids in Korea; Cymbidium goeringii, Spiranthes sinensis, Calanthe discolor, Bletilla striata, Pogonia minor. DNA was extracted from isolated OMF and ITS region was amplified using primers, ITS1-OF and ITS4-OF. Four species of OMF belong to Tulasnellaceae and Sebacinaceae were identified; Tulasnella calospora, Tulasnella irregularis, Tulasnella sp., Sebacina vermifera.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 1994

To investigate the structure of natural forest at Nature Conservation Area in Tokyusan National Park, 29 plots (400$m^2$) set up with random sampling method. Four groups were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations was proved between Quernus mongolica and Fraxinus mandshurica, and Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, and Lespedeza bicola, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes and Taxus cuspidata, Magnolia sieboldii and Callicarpa japonica, Taxus cuspidata and Abies koreana, and high negative correlations was proved between Quercus mongolica and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes, Taxus cuspidata, and Lonicera maackii. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 0.9969~1.2217.