• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권12호
• /
• pp.3740-3744
• /
• 2010

A typically designed 'Peptide Lego' has two distinct surfaces: a hydrophilic side that contains the complete charge distribution and a hydrophobic side. In this article, we describe the fabrication of a unique lego-type peptide with the AEAEYAKAK sequence. The novel peptide with double amphiphilic surfaces is different from typical peptides due to special arrangement of the residues. The results of CD, FT-IR, AFM and DLS demonstrate that the peptide with the random coil characteristic was able to form stable nanostructures that were mediated by non-covalent interactions in an aqueous solution. The data further indicated that despite its different structure, the peptide was able to undergo self-assembly similar to a typical peptide. In addition, the use of hydrophobic pyrene as a model allowed the peptide to provide a new type of potential nanomaterial for drug delivery. These efforts collectively open up a new direction in the fabrication of nanomaterials that are more perfect and versatile.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제64권10호
• /
• pp.1426-1431
• /
• 2015

Piezoelectric pump can be considered as R-C load and it needs something special driver because the output voltage does not become 0 even though the applied voltage is 0 with common converter. This operating system consists of fly-back converter to increase the input voltage and energy recovery inverter to apply square voltage to the piezoelectric pump. The energy recovery inverter can charge and discharge the energy of capacitive load. In this paper, to enhance performance of the driver, a few elements or circuits are added and modified. To drive the inverter safely, current limit resister is added and adjusted the value to valance the charging and discharging current. In addition, a current limit inductor is added to the input side to limit the input current and enhance the efficiency. Inductor only may make oscillation and another resister is added parallel to the inductor to solve this problem. The converter and inveter are assembled to one board for compactness. The appropriateness is proved with simulation and experiments.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.33-46
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the case of 'drive-thru' services newly introduced and tried in libraries in Korea under the influence of COVID-19, and to develop and propose a service model so that this service can be continuously applied to all libraries in the future. Therefore, the method of study was selected and analyzed by selecting one of the representative libraries that provide related services in Seoul Special City, Incheon Metropolitan City, and Anyang City of Gyeonggi Province. In addition, a focus group interview was conducted with twelve people in charge to find a way to apply the drive-thru service to the library. As a result, the library's drive-thru service is a way to fulfill the library's original purpose of providing information materials while minimizing faceto-face contact with users. It was concluded that it is a suitable method for a library of complex buildings, where there is a lack of parking space. In addition, it was deduced that it may be one of the ways to use the library efficiently for office workers who are unable to use library services during the opening hours. Therefore, if the drive-thru service is implemented according to the developed model, it is expected to increase the library visit rate and data utilization rate.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.97-110
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study sought to determine the effect of the competence of nurses and their, work environment on the quality of nursing service in long-term care hospitals using the Donabedian model as a theoretical framework. Methods: This descriptive investigative study analyzed nursing competency, the work environment, and nursing service quality in a group of 182 nurses directly in charge of patient care at long-term care hospitals in special cities, metropolitan cities, and small and medium-size cities. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 27.0 version. Results: In long-term care hospitals, nurses' competence (r=.674, p<.001) and work environment (r=.444, p<.001) were correlated with quality of nursing service, and the nurses' competence was correlated with the work environment (r=.443, p<.001). The factors affecting the quality of nursing service in long-term care hospitals were competence, the work environment, and the age of nurses. Conclusion: In this study, both competence and the work environment of nurses were observed to be important factors in improving nursing service quality in long-term care hospitals. Therefore, efforts aimed at enhancing these factors are necessary to ensure the high quality of nursing service in these hospitals.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.135-146
• /
• 1997

This paper describes fault diagnosis method in complex system with hierachical structure similar to human body structure. Complex system is divided into unit, item and component. For diagnosing this hierarchical complex system, it is necessary to implement special neural network. Fault diagnosis system can forecast faults in a system and decide from current machine state signal information. Comparing with other diagnosis system for single fault, the developed system deals with multiple fault diagnosis comprising Hierarchical Neural Network(HNN). HNN consists of four level neural network, first level for item fault symptom classification, second level for item fault diagnosis, third level for component symptom classification, forth level for component fault diagnosis. UNIX IPC(Inter Process Communication) is used for implementing HNN wiht multitasking and message transfer between processes in SUN workstation with X-Windows(Motif). We tested HNN at four units, seven items per unit, seven components per item in a complex system. Each one neural newtork operate as a separate process in HNN. The message queue take charge of information exdhange and cooperation between each neural network.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.49-68
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was 1) to review communal housing in the UK, 2) to consider the policy implications for elderly communal housing in Korea. The research methods used were 1) literature review about communal housing and related policy in the UK 2) field survey in the UK 3) interpretative suggestion for the proper policy implication to develope communal housing for the elderly in Korea. Sheltered housing in the UK had been developed as communal housing for the elderly with special needs since the 1970s. The type of sheltered housing were category 1 and category 2. Very sheltered housing with more facilities and meal services was added in 1980s. Sheltered housing was evaluated as the most humanistic solution for older people in the UK in 1980s. Because of the policy of moving institutional care to community care, sheltered housing became less in demand because of more options for older people including being able to stay in their own home. So new completion of sheltered housing by registered social landlords reduced saliently. Sheltered housing already totalled over half million units in which 5% of all elderly over 65 still lived and a small quantity of private sector for sale schemes emerged in the 1990s. The reason why the residents moved to sheltered housing was for sociable, secure, and manageable living arrangements. In general the residents were satisfied with these characteristics but dissatisfied with the service charge and quality of meals, especially in category 2.5 schemes. The degree of utilisation of communal spaces and facilities depended on the wardens ability and enthusiasm. Evaluation of sheltered housing indicated several problems such as wardens duty as a \"good neighbour\" ; difficult-to-let problems with poor location or individual units of bedsittiing type with shared bathroom ; and the under use of communal spaces and facilities. Some ideas to solve these problems were suggested by researchers through expanding wardens duty as a professional, opening the scheme to the public, improving interior standards, and accepting non-elderly applicants who need support. Some researchers insisted continuing development of sheltered housing, but higher standards must be considered for the minority who want to live in communal living arrangement. Recently, enhanced sheltered housing with greater involvement of relatives and with tied up policy in registration and funding suggested as an alternative for residential care. In conclusion, the rights of choice for older people should be policy support for special needs housing. Elderly communal housing, especially a model similar to sheltered housing category 2 with at least 1 meal a day might be recommended for a Korean Model. For special needs housing development either for rent or for sale, participation of the public sector and long term and low interest financial support for the private sector must be developed in Korea. Providing a system for scheme managers to train and retrain must be encouraged. The professional ability of the scheme manager to plan and to deliver services might be the most important factor for the success of elderly communal housing projects in Korea. In addition the expansion of a public health care service, the development of leisure programs in Senior Citizens Centre, home helper both for the elderly in communal housing and the elderly in mainstream housing of the community as well. Providing of elderly communal housing through the modified general Construction Act rather than the present Elderly Welfare Act might be more helpful to encourage the access of general people in Korea. in Korea.

• 기록학연구
• /
• 제13호
• /
• pp.233-285
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 중국의 전문기록관의 하나인 도시건설기록관의 설립과정을 통해 도시건설기록의 발전과정을 살펴보고자 하였다. 또 하나 도시건설기록의 관리과정을 상해도시건설기록관을 통해 보고자 하였다. 중국은 1950년대 말부터 도시건설 과정에서 생산된 기록물을 일반 공공기록물과는 달리, 전업(special work)에 따라 관리한다는 원칙을 세웠다. 이리하여 도시건설을 담당하는 기관에는 도시건설기록을 전문으로 담당하는 당안실(records centres)가 만들어져, 이곳에서 도시건설기록을 집중적이고 통일적으로 관리하였다. 문화대혁명(Great Culture Revolution)기간 동안 기록관리는 정체 되어버렸지만, 혁명이 끝난 후 도시건설기록관리는 공전의 발전을 하였다. 1980년대부터 중국은 이전의 당안실 대신, 도시건설기록관(urban construction archives)을 통해 도시건설기록을 일원적으로 관리하기 시작하였다.1990년대 전국의 467개의 도시 중 332개의 도시에 도시건설기록관이 설립되었다. 상해시 도시건설기록관(Shanghai Municipal Urnan Construction Archives)은 1987년에 설립되어 23만권(files)의 도시건설기록을 보존하고 있다. 그 관리는 상해도시건설당안관리 임시판법(The Provisional Regulation of Management of Urban Construction Archives in Shanghai) 등 여러규정을 통해 관리하고 있다. 최근 중국의 도시건설기록관리는 새로운 방향을 모색하고 있다. 그 방향은 대체로 세가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 새로운 환경(시장경제체제, 정보공개의 현대화)에 맞는 도시건설기록관리체제를 수립하는 것이다. 둘째 기록을 관리만하는 것이 아니라, 기록의 컨텐츠를 개발하는 것이다. 마지막으로는 이윤을 창출이다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.81-92
• /
• 2011

응급상황에서 방사선 촬영 분포 분석 및 문헌을 토대로 응급상황 대처 및 서비스 효율성을 개선시키기 위하여 연구를 하였다. 2010년 12월, 광주 광역시 한 대학병원에 응급실을 내원한 1270명 응급 외래환자를 분석하여 방사선 촬영 분포 데이터를 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 응급 방사선 촬영은 56.6% 일반 방사선 촬영, 2.5% 특수촬영, CT 34.2%, 초음파 6.7%였으며, 일반 방사선 촬영에서 남성은 51.7%, 흉부외과의 촬영률 90.0%, 입원환자 77.9% 및 응급실에서 머무르는 시간이 긴 환자에게서 촬영하였다. 특수 촬영의 비율은, 비뇨기계 28.6%, CT에서는 신경외과 49.2%, 신경과 36.7%의 높은 비율을 나타냈다. 초음파의 경우 여성이 8.8%, 내과가 15.9% 비율을 나타냈다. 방사선 촬영의 분포도를 분석하면, 일반 방사선 촬영에서 흉부촬영 55.3%, 특수 촬영에서는 1.2%의 비뇨기계, CT에서는 두부 검사가 40.0%로 높은 비율을 차지했다. 일반 촬영의 진료과의 분포도에 따르면, 두부가 64.6% 신경외과, 흉부검사는 흉부외과는 90.9%, 복부가 58.0% 일반외과, 척추는 신경외과 40.0%, 골반 및 상하지는 정형외과가 15.9%, 20.5%, 31.8%를 차지하였다. 일반 촬영의 환자 1인당 평균검수는 전체 인원을 고려하여 성별, 연령별, 전원 여부별 모두에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 촬영만을 고려한 경우에는 성별에서 남자가 2.2건 높았으며, 연령대에서는 30대에서 2.7건이, 진단부분에서는 신경외과가 3.4건이 더 높게 차지하였다. 전체 촬영 부위 건수에서는 흉부가 998건으로 가장 많았다. 결과를 고려해보면, 응급실에서 근무하는 방사선사는 응급 촬영에서 노년층을 돌봐야 하며, 촬영동안에 가능한 2차 손상을 특수 촬영인 비뇨기계 계통이 기구와 관련이 되어 있기 때문이다. 줄이기 위한 부상응급 환자를 검사하는 모든 방사선사는 방사선 촬영하는 동안에 긴급 상황에 대처해야 한다. 방지 대처가 필요하다. 왜냐하면, 특히 야간에 CT 촬영하는 두부 손상 환자는 환자 처치가 매우 중요하다. 담당 의사는 언제나 CT실에 상주하여 환자를 지켜봐야 한다. 응급실에서 방사선 촬영은 여러 진료과에서 관여 한다. 일반 방사선 촬영의 높은 비율, 응급 방사선 촬영에 대한 특수 촬영실이 응급실 내에 설치하여만 하고, 능력이 있는 응급 환자 처치를 할 수 있는 방사선사가 필요로 하고 응급환자 증가로 적절한 인원배치가 필요하다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.17-59
• /
• 2009

Purpose : This study is to provide the basic data for developing the curriculum standardization of emergency medical technology by analyzing the three-year and four-year period curriculum and high-advanced major course to bring up highly qualified paramedics. Method : This study was analyzed, divided in 3 sections, majors, teaching profession subjects and liberal arts of 18 three-year curriculum universities and 7 four-year curriculum universities. Majors were analyzed, departmentalized in the national examination for license, the clinical and on-the-job training(OJT) and other major-related subjects. It is descriptive study, analyzed by dividing high-advanced major course into majors and liberal arts. Result : 1) The average number of subjects established in three-year-course college were 58.1. The completion credit was 130.1 in average. Also, the average number of established subjects at four-year-course were 61.1. The average completion credit was 141. 2) Three-year-course college professors give lecture in theory for 95.4 hours on average, which account for 59.9% of overall lecture, and 63.8 hours for practical training that takes 40.1% of the hours lectures are given. Meanwhile, four-year-course give lecture in theory for 111 hours on average, taking a part of 59.5%, and 76.5 hours for practical training, 40.5%. 3) In regard to liberal arts, at three-year-course college, the average credit was 16 but the proportion that liberal arts charge among the completion credit was 11.6. Meanwhile, at four-year-course universities, the average credit was 28.4 and the percentage that the liberal arts took part in the completion credit was 20.1. 4) Looking over national examination subjects among majors at three-year-course college, basic medicine's average credit was 17.2, introduction to advanced emergency care's average credit was 15.5, Special advanced emergency care's average credit was 28, emergency patient management's average credit was 9.2 and emergency medicine statute's average credit was 3.6. Meanwhile, in case of four-year-course universities, basic medicine's average credit was 14.3, introduction to advanced emergency care's average credit was 12.7, special advanced emergency care's average credit was 31, emergency patient management's average credit was 8.3 and emergency medicine statute's average credit was 2.9. 5) Among national examination subjects, in case of three-year-course, the range of basic medicine credits was 6 to 23, the average credit showed 17.2. The range of introduction to advanced emergency care credits was 9 to 21, the average credit showed 15.5. The range of special advanced emergency care credits was 19 to 36, the average credit showed 28. The range of emergency patient management credits was 5 to 12, the average credit was 9.2. The range of legal medicine credits was 3 to 6, the average was 3.6 credit. In case of four-year-course the range of basic medicine was 12 to 17, the average of the credit was 14.3. The range of introduction to advanced emergency care was 9 to 19, and the average of the credit was 12.7. The range of special advanced emergency care was 18 to 41, and the average of the credit was 31. The range of emergency patient management was 7 to 12, and the average of the credit was 8.3. The range of legal medicine was 3 to 4, and the average of the credit was 2.9. So except special advanced emergency care, all the other subjects had higher score in three-year-course than four-year-course. 6) About the other major-related subjects, the completion credit was 23 on average at three-year-course and 13.5 at four-year-course. 7) The clinical and on-the-job training(OJT), In the case of three-year-course, the average completion credit was 13.5 and 13.5 at four-year-course. 8) The teaching profession subject, In the case of three-year-course, the average credit was 3 and the percentage that the teaching profession subject took part in the completion credit was 2.3% on average. Four-year-course established the subject only at one university. 9) In high-advanced major process, the entire established subjects on average were 12.8 and the average completion credit was 36.3. In liberal arts, the average established subjects were 6.5 and the completion credit was 19.5. The number of majors were 9.5 on average and the credit was 26.5 Conclusion : According to the aforemention results, the curriculum for emergency medical technology needs to be developed and standardized.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.103-118
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 제주도 거문오름동굴계 주변 지역을 개발하는 과정에서 발생되는 발파진동이 용암동굴에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하고, 용암동굴의 효율적인 관리보존 대책을 마련하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 연구지역에서 11개의 시추공을 천공하고, 공내 지발당 장약량을 0.5 kg에서 최대 10 kg까지 변화시켜가며 현장 발파진동시험을 수행하였다. 진동속도와 진동레벨의 상관관계를 분석하여 진동규제 기준을 만족하는 진동속도를 산정한 결과, 주간 허용 진동레벨을 만족하는 진동속도는 0.276 cm/sec 이하로 평가되었다. 시험결과를 토대로 진동속도 추정식을 도출하였으며, 95% 신뢰구간에 해당하는 입지상수(k, n)에 의한 환산거리식을 통해 도출된 k 값은 자승근식에서 130.04, 삼승근식에서 199.71이며, n 값은 자승근식에서 -1.717, 삼승근식에서 -1.711인 것으로 나타났다. 진동속도 추정식을 바탕으로 진동속도에 부합하는 지발당 장약량을 평가한 결과, 일반적인 문화재 진동기준치인 진동속도 0.2 kine과 진동원과의 거리 20~100 m를 적용할 때 거리와 장약량에 따른 진동속도 추정식에서의 지발당 장약량은 0.57~7.42 kg/delay, 자승근식에서 0.21~5.29 kg/delay, 삼승근식에서 0.04~5.51 kg/delay로 나타났다. 또한, 본 연구에서 도출된 삼승근식과 선행 연구의 결과를 종합하여 0.2 kine 기준에 부합하는 상관관계식을 각각 도출하였다. 관계식을 이용하여 진동속도 0.2 kine을 만족하는 거리에 따른 허용 지발당 장약량을 산정한 결과, 50 m에서 1.07 kg/delay, 100 m에서 5.13 kg/delay, 200 m에서 22.26 kg/delay로 평가되었다. 본 연구를 통해 산출된 진동속도별 상관관계식은 거문오름용암동굴계 주변 지반의 지발당 장약량 산정 근거로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.