• 환경정책연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-49
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• 2003

It is difficult to examine the causal relation of pollution damages because the time gap between pollution cause and effect is large and new pollutants are continuously being produced. Their many environmental effects are not promptly studied. As both the study of causal relation about pollution and the pollutant treatment are becoming highly advanced by the development of science and environmental technology, both the economy and balance on environmental regulation may be discussed. It is reasonable to decide environmental policy in consideration of close relation between both the generation and resolution of environmental problems and of technological developments because environmental problems are related to complicated social problems and scientific technologies. First item in policy decision about environmental control and management is preferentially to consider the way of prevention. It is necessary to prevent pollution by regulating the installment of environmental pollution facility into the environmentally sensitive areas, like water supply source and to regulate land utilization as a method to achieve pollution prevention. Second is a consideration of environmental technology development. This is a solution which can accomplish the development of environmental technology and the reinforcement of economic competition. Third is the coexistence of environment and economy. It is necessary to consider economy in connection with environmental problems and environment in economic problem. Then, we can enjoy a healthy life as well as economic affluence. Fourth is the enlargement of environmental management means. Environmental management means must be diversified because environmental cause and effect are varied. For Improving the land use regulation system, it is necessary to consider both land use regulation status and pollutant toxicity with the development of environmental technology. Land use must be approached by classifying land to 3 levels; water source protection zone and water front zone, special zone 1 and 2, rancus and other zones. Land regulation policy to prevent any accident in water source protection zone, waterfront zone, and special zone must be continuously upgraded. However, economical consideration in other zones is required by the development of environmental technology.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2014

Purpose - After Korea's Free Economic Zone (FEZ) system was launched in 2003, there have been many debates about upgrading it and its support systems. However, as of 2013, there were insufficient results. Further, upon the designation of the East Coast and Chungbuk as official FEZs from February 4, 2013 by the 56th the Commission, there is a concern that many people are in the area designated as FEZ 8. This study investigates Korea's new FEZ system as part of Korea's primary new economic development policy in the 21st century. Therefore, this study examines views on the weaknesses of the past ten years of FEZs so that Korea can expand its FEZ system. Research design, data, and methodology -Many countries have considered the FEZ as an economic special zone. By reviewing previous research models, this study provides an update using recent data and materials, until 2013, from the Center of Free Economic Zones. In previous studies, the lack of support systems was attributed to proposals to ensure operational autonomy and differentiation of each FEZ; however, the main cause cannot be solved through regulatory issues, as difficulties caused by the operational system are responsible for the problems. We wish to analyze the FEZ, specifically the operational system; this is the main issue of this study. Results - After the first FEZs were established, it became necessary to have basic plans, as investment results in 2013 compared to the same period this year led to lower earnings in the first half of 2014. We propose an improvement of the operational system because in the free economic zones, the operational system is the root cause of the underlying problem. The results of this research are as follows. The weak management of the FEZ system is influenced by weak investment, delayed development, foreigners' living facilities, benefits of foreign investments, the control tower's policy making decision process, quickness of the process of satisfying legal requirements, and support For the independence of FEZs. Conclusion - Local governments do not have legal rights over FEZ deregulation and investment industries. This study suggests that the local government should have more independence from the central government. Moreover, independent management committees are more effective for ensuring public rights, better employee responsibilities, and better-qualified personnel. The FEZ committee struggles to effectively manage the locations of FEZs, foreign investments, and related facilities under the control of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. Thus, the FEZ committee should be under either the Prime Minister's office or the Presidential committee, to control and effectively coordinate between the local and central governments. If the problem clearly applies to the operational system in 2013, it is necessary to provide materials and methods so that the results of the first half of 2014 can be computed despite the data limits and lack of resources, and the data can be analyzed in a more diachronic thesis.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.159-175
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the development strategy for the Hub of Northeast Asia. Those countries such as Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and China competing us are trying to concentrate on their core capacity. Based on the severe competition surrounding us, we are confronting with a transitional period to upgrade competitiveness. It is acknowledged that the building of economic hub of Northeast Asia is essential to become an advanced country. Therefore, it is becoming an urgent task that Korean government should formulate the development strategy of building efficient transportation network, economic special zone and financial hub.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.145-159
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• 2017

Despite the longing for democracy of most people, Myanmar has missed opportunities for social and economic development by military dictatorship. However, since 2010, the civilian government has gained new opportunities for reform. After turning to economic reform, developed countries such as the US and EU lifted the economic sanctions that they had taken in the past. As a result, it is growing rapidly compared to neighboring countries due to attracting foreign capital, tariff benefits on export items, and expansion of industrial infrastructure. Despite the increased investment value due to economic growth and democratization, the complex and customary land system of Myanmar must be an uneasy factor in securing stable land rights when entering overseas markets. Therefore, this study sought the method of securing the land rights in the development project through the analysis of the foreign investment system in Myanmar and the investigation of joint development cases. The results of this study are as follows. First, the acquisition of land use rights at the early stage of development can be considered through the foreign investment system. Under the Foreign Investment Law and Myanmar Investment Law, the land can be used for up to 70 years, and Under the Special Economic Zone Law, the land can be used for up to 75 years. Second, in relation to land compensation, it is required to establish a detailed resettlement plan for the indigenous people as the difficulty of land acquisition is expected due to the recent democratization trend and strengthening the voice of residents. Third, land use at the operational stage can be achieved by leasing the land from developers, and this will be the most realistic plan at present. In other words, the developer can directly develop the land created under the Foreign Investment Law and the Special Economic Zone Law, or Sub-lease and transfer the land use right to a third party.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.69-82
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• 2013

본 연구는 경제특구 개성공단사업이 한반도의 정치 군사적 긴장을 완화시키고 남북경제협력 활성화에 걸림돌이 되는 일이 없도록 문제점을 진단하고, 해결 방안으로써 정책적 대안을 제시하며, 성공적으로 이 사업이 추진될 수 있도록 입주기업 및 개성공단 전체의 입장에서 필요한 지속 가능한 발전 전략을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구를 수행 한 결과, 개성공단의 개관과 개성공단 사업의 기대효과를 통해 개성공단의 긍정적 효과를 되짚어 볼 수 있는 계기가 되었다. 또한, 본 연구의 핵심과제인 입주기업의 실태조사를 통해 개성공단 입주기업의 현황을 깊이 있게 볼 수 있었으며 입주기업의 경영상 애로요인의 상관관계를 통계적 방법으로 검증한 결과, 유의함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.3-31
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• 2019

In order to achieve full-scale economic cooperation between North Korea and South Korea, the Gaesong Industrial Complex should reopen first. In this case, the Inter-Korean commercial arbitration system should be clearly established to effectively resolve the disputes arising in the special economic zones of the Gaesong Industrial Complex. Even though the Inter-Korean Investment Security Agreement, the Agreement on the Resolution of Commercial Disputes between North Korea and South Korea, the Agreement on the Formation and Operation of the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee, and the Agreement on the Formation and Operation of the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee in the Gaesong Industrial District are in place, specific arbitration procedure is not concretely agreed upon and realized between the two Koreas. Therefore, the realization of commercial arbitration between them led by the Ministry of Unification or the government should be accomplished. In addition, it is necessary to consider the administrative trial or administrative litigation system in order to deal with administrative disputes that are not subject to commercial arbitration. Lastly, discussions on legal integration between the two Koreas should continue, focusing on the special economic zone of the Gaesong Industrial Complex, in order to prevent integration from being hindered by a different culture for a long time.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2021

In South Korea, there is a growing domestic need for a biotope map which contains ecological and environmental geographic information of a city. After the production of a Urban Ecological Maps(biotope map) by the Seoul metropolitan government in 2000, Natural Environment Conservation Act was revised in 2017 to make it mandatory for a local government to draw up its own urban ecological map. The aim of the present study was to find out ways to utilize an urban ecological map as a mean of communication between natural environment planning and urban planning sectors in a preliminary stage before introducing a big framework of 'environmental and ecological planning.' The northern area of Incheon metropolitan city was selected as the target area for this study. The major research content includes a comparative analysis of special-purpose zones, urban planning zones, restricted development zones, and conservation forests with focus on biotope types and Grades 1 of 'Biotope Type Assessment.' Farmland biotopes and forest biotopes within an area designated as an urban zone (residential, commercial and industrial zones) need to be redesignated as a zone which can conserve them. Especially considering a high possibility of damage to a large scale of natural green areas, these areas need to be readjusted immediately. If the entire area designated as an urban planning zone is to be developed, it is likely to cause serious damage to natural biotopes in the area (56.2%), including farmland biotope (30.4%), forest biotope (15.0%) and grassland biotope (10.8%), and thus, readjustment is needed. In case of a conservation forest, as it can possibly be damaged by the designation of special-purpose zones, it is necessary to match the designation of conservation forests or a special-purpose zones with their biotope types. In conclusion, we present a variety of thematic maps for utilization of an urban ecological map and propose a phase-specific environmental and ecological plan. Phase 1 is the establishment of a urban plan in consideration of ecological status; Phase 2 is the independent establishment of an environmental and ecological plan by an environment department; Phase 3 is an integrated management of ecological planning system and urban planning system.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-39
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• 1985

The northeastern part of Ogcheon zone which consisted mainly of Cambro-Ordovician arenaceous, argillaceous and calcareous formations and Carboni-Triassic arenaceous and argillaceous formations is delineated as the eastern mass of a thrust fault along Choongju-Moongyong-Cheongsan in the middle of the zone. The present study proposes a geotectonic line, Imgye-Samchog fault(see, figure 1) which divides the northeastern part into two blocks, Hambacksan block in the west and East coast block in the east. The igneous rocks in the Hambacksan block ranging from granite to gabbro are distributed in a symmetrical zones parallel to general direction of Ogcheon zone as follows (Fig. 2 and Table 2). Southeast igneous rock zone: it aligns Jurassic granites in its south and Precambrian leucocratic granites in its north. Central igneous rock zone: it aligns Cretaceous granites in its south and Jurassic granites, and some of diorite and gabbro in its north. Northwest igneous rock zone: aligns Jurassic granites in its south and huge batholithic granodiorite in its north. The distribution of the igneous rocks in the East coast block shows an entirely different features from those of Hanbacksan block. In the southern part of the block they assemble in a narrow area ranging in age from Early Proterozoic, through Middle to Late Proterozoic, Devonian, Jurassic, Cretaceous to Tertiary, whereas, the igneous rocks in the northern part of the block gathered to a restricted area, in ages of Middle Proterozoic and Cretaceous. The assemblage of the igneous rocks in the studied area shows a compositionally restricted, mixed S-type and I-type granites, $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ > 0.706, rare volcanics and shortening with upright folding. These lithologic and structural features suggest that the igneous activity in this part related intimately to Hercynotype Orogeny of Pitcher(1979). Chronological episodes of igneous activity from Early Proterozoic to Early Tertiary in the northeastern part are figured.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2014

최근 중국정부는 해양경제개발에 초점을 두고 네 개의 해양경제개발시범구를 산동성, 절강성, 광동성, 복건성에 설정하였다. 등소평의 개혁 개방 정책이후 근래 해양경제개발시범구까지 중국의 해양산업정책은 현존정책을 부분적으로 수정 보완하는 연속적 점진적인 변화과정이었으므로, 본 논문은 이러한 정책변화를 잘 설명할 수 있는 이론모형으로 정책학의 점증주의모형(Incremental Model)을 이론적 틀로 하여, 새 중국 해양산업정책인 해양경제개발시범구 정책의 본질, 그 역사적 형성과정, 현재 집행상황, 이전과 다른 새로운 정책특징과 시사점을 발견함과 함께 미래의 점진적 정책변화도 전망 예측해 보았다. 과거 중국 해양산업정책과 차별화되는 새 정책의 주요 특징으로는 1)첨단산업과 과학기술을 포함하는 새로운 발전모형이라는 점, 2)고도의 민주적 참여가 보장된다는 점, 3)정책목표로 해양경제발전뿐 아니라 안보영토, 환경생태, 과학교육 등의 다양한 목표들도 포괄하고 있다는 점이었다. 향후 우리나라는 중국의 해양경제개발시범구 정책 특징에 대한 올바른 이해를 통하여, 최근 이슈화된 해양경제특구 설정관련 정책구상에서 바람직한 교훈을 얻어야 할 것이다.

• 지역연구
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.7-23
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• 2019

스마트도시는 공간적 범위를 도시권 및 지역 단위로 확장해 가고 있다. 최근 추진되고 있는 국경을 초월한 지역경제권 발전전략과 스마트도시 계획을 연계하면 국가 간 협력과 경제적 발전방안을 꾀할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국-북한-중국을 잇는 환황해권 스마트리전을 통해 한국-북한-중국 3국의 협력 및 지역적 발전방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 지금까지 한국과 중국의 스마트도시 전략과 함께 스마트리전의 공간적 기반이 될 수 있는 3국의 대규모 경제특구 개발계획과 추진현황을 분석하였다. 황해에 접하고 있는 한국의 서해안에는 새만금, 황해경제자유구역, 인천경제자유구역 등에서 스마트도시 관련 계획 및 사업이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 북한은 아직 정치적인 상황이 불확실하지만 해주와 남포, 신의주를 연결하는 서해안 지역에 경제적, 기술적 잠재력이 확보되고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 중국의 요녕성과 산동성의 경우, 산업이 발달한 대도시들을 중심으로 스마트도시 사업과 이들을 연계한 경제벨트화 전략이 활발히 추진되고 있다. 한국과 중국의 경제적 협력의 복원 및 교통망의 연계, 단동과 신의주를 중심으로 한 중국과 북한의 초국경 협력사업의 활성화 그리고 중국과 한국의 경제협력 과정에 스마트도시 인프라와 서비스가 적절히 제공된다면 황해를 중심으로 국경을 초월한 지역적 발전을 선도할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 다만, 이를 위하여 장기적인 계획과 초국가적 협의 및 추진기구의 설립을 통한 거버넌스 체계 구축 및 운영이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.