• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2017

Objectives: Any change in maxilla and mandible position can alter the upper airway, and any decrease in the upper airway can cause sleep disorders. Thus, it is necessary to assess airway changes after repositioning of the maxilla and mandible during orthognathic surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate linear and volumetric changes in the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery to correct class III malocclusion via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to identify correlations between linear and volumetric changes. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. CBCTs from 10 class III patients were evaluated before surgery and three months after. The Wilcoxon one-sample test was used to evaluate the differences in measurements before and after surgery. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between linear and volumetric changes. Results: The results show that the nasopharyngeal space increased significantly, and that this increase correlated with degree of maxillary advancement. No significant changes were found in volumes before and after surgery. A correlation was found between linear and volumetric oropharyngeal changes. Conclusion: Bimaxillary surgical correction of class III malocclusion did not cause statistically significant changes in the posterior airway space.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.409-418
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• 2017

Purpose: Ineffective communication between healthcare professionals leads to medical errors and puts patients at risk of harm. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of interdisciplinary communication training in simulated settings on self-confidence in communication, observed communication behavior, and technical skill performances of nursing students. Methods: A repeated measures design with one group was conducted. Data was collected from 92 nursing students through a self-administered questionnaire and an observed behavior checklist. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, a paired t-test, the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the Friedmann test, a Repeated Measures ANOVA, and the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: Self-confidence in communication, observed Identification-Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation-Read Back communication behavior, and technical skill performances of nursing students were significantly improved. In observed communication behavior, the performance of Assessment and Read Back communication significantly improved. However, communication of Background, Assessment, and Recommendation did not improve to a satisfactory level. Observed communication behavior was not correlated with the overall technical skill performance. Conclusion: These results indicate that interdisciplinary communication training in simulated settings was effective in improving nursing students' confidence and communication skills with physicians. Longitudinal studies with larger samples are recommended in order to verify the effects of interdisciplinary communication training on clinical outcomes as well as communication competence.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.369-382
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an educational program on nursing records especially focused on legal issues, and to test the effects of the educational program on nurses' knowledge, performance, and behavior. Methods: A textbook on legal issue-focused nursing records and an instrument with 36 items rated on a 5-point scale (1-5) for measuring the nurses' charting-related performance and behavior were developed from November 2007 through March 2008. A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was employed to test the effects of the education program. Knowledge was self-reported by the Nurse Charting Knowledge Scale, while performance and behavior were measured by their nurse managers. The pretest and posttest were conducted from March through May in 2008. A total of 226 Korean nurses participated in this study. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square, paired t-test, Spearman's coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: Nurses who received the intervention showed greater levels of knowledge (t=10.28, p<.001), performance (t=2.53, p=.013), and behavior scores (t=3.07, p=.002) than those of the control group. The factors influencing the improvement of knowledge were 'job attitude' (t=-3.32, p=.001) and 'career in present unit' (t=2.95, p=.004). The factor influencing the improvement of performance was 'career in present unit' (t=-3.39, p=.001). The factor influencing the improvement of behavior was 'job attitude' (t=-3.46, p=.001). Conclusion: The educational program on legal issue-focused nursing records was effective in improving nurse charting-related knowledge, performance, and behavior.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.132-143
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to know the correlation of transvaginal sonography findings, CA-125 and blood stasis pattern for 15 adenomyosis patients. Methods: We got questionnaires from 15 patients among 243 patients who had hysterectomy related with adenomyosis in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, OO medical center from April 11th 2010 to November 15th 2010, and analyzed them. We conducted correlation analysis between age, pain(VAS), duration of pain and blood stasis score, and between difference and sum of uterine walls, CA-125 and blood stasis score. For statistics, we used Spearman correlation coefficient and SPSS version 17.0 for windows. Results: The correlation between sum of uterine walls and CA-125 showed statistical significance. The correlation between CA-125 and blood stasis score showed statistical significance. There is no statistically correlation between age, VAS, duration of the pain and blood stasis score. There is no statistically correlation between difference of uterine walls and CA-125, and between difference and sum of uterine walls and blood stasis score. Conclusion: The result showed that sum of uterine walls is related with CA-125. We need a further study to develop blood stasis indicators with a validated questionnaire, and more subjects involved at multiple institutions.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was intended to provide resources for the development and operation of the elderly's oral health education programs by comparing the difference of oral health behavior, oral health care self-efficacy and oral health levels according to their oral health education experiences and by researching the correlation of oral Health Behavior, self-efficacy, subjective oral health level and oral health education experience. Methods: An interview survey using structured questionaries was done on 180 senior citizens older than 65 years old residing in some areas of Gyeonggi-do from April 19 to May 25, 2018. The data was analyzed with Chi-square, t-test, spearman correlation coefficient with the use of SPSS 20.0. Results: 1. Those who are older than 75 years old and have higher levels of education and finance have more experiences of oral health education. 2. Those who have experiences of oral health education brush their teeth more than three times a day, use more oral health care items and get more regular preventive treatments such as oral examination and scaling. 3. As they has experiences of oral health education, their oral health behaviors, oral health care self-efficacy(tooth care, dietary control, regular checkup) and subjective oral health levels are high. Conclusion: It is necessary to try to improve the elderly's oral health levels by motivating the importance of oral health care and changing their oral health behaviors positively with the implement of oral health education on the elderly. Especially, oral health education programs that are operated on the elderly should be planned with practical programs that can cause the change of their oral health behaviors and should be processed to reinforce oral health care self-efficacy. Furthermore, preventive treatments for the elderly such as oral health education, oral examination and scaling should be implemented systematically and continuously by policy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.355-364
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify health promotion behaviors of elementary school teachers and investigate the factors influencing the health promotion behaviors. Methods: Data were collected from 234 elementary school teachers in the B Metropolitan City Office of Education from 5th to 30th October, 2016. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: The elementary school teachers' health perception scored 2.94 out of 4, health status 1.59 out of 3, and health promotion behaviors 2.66 out of 4. The level of mental health status (1.67) was higher than that of physical health status (1.54) and the most practiced health promotion behavior was spiritual growth (3.15) and the least was health responsibility (2.00). Significant negative correlations were found between health perception and health status (r=-.59, p<.001) and between health status and health promotion behaviors (r=-.41, p<.001). A significant positive correlation was found between health perception and health promotion behaviors (r=.32, p<.001). The significant factors influencing health promotion behaviors were job stress and health status. These factors explained 19.6% of the health promotion behaviors. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish measures to increase the health perception and health promotion behaviors of elementary school teachers and improve their health status. In addition, since job stress and health status are factors influencing health promotion behaviors, it is necessary to actively manage job stress and health status in order to increase health promotion behaviors.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to provide basic data on physical function improvement activities of elderly care facilities by identifying the degree of physical improvement activities of elderly caregivers. Design: Descriptive correlational study. Methods: The instrument of this study consisted of 12 questions on the general characteristics of the subject. For the assessment of improvement in physical function activities, the measuring tool used for the elderly consisted of a total of 20 questions. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient & Spearman's rho and multiple regression were used. Results: The higher the age of the subjects, the lower their educational background (r=-0.273, p<0.05), and the higher the probability of having a religion (r=-0.258, p<0.05), the more stable the employment type (r=-0.333, p<0.05). The higher the level of education, the higher the monthly income (r=0.187, p<0.01), and the shorter the career (r=-0.204, p<0.05). The more stable employment, the more unstable duty (r=-0.245, p<0.05), and the more unstable work, the higher the monthly income (r=-0.206, p<0.05) and the longer the career, the higher the monthly income (r=0.247, p<0.05). The more stable the employment, the more activities to improve physical function were found (r=0.341, p<0.05), and the more unstable the duty, the more activities to improve physical function were found (r=0.321, p<0.05), and the higher monthly income, the less physical function improvement activities (r=-0.196, p<0.05). Conclusions: It is necessary to provide regular services by a dedicated physical therapist for physical function improvement activities in order to improve the quality of life of the elderly in the future.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.405-414
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine test-retest reliability and criterion-related validity of a trunk stability robot when measuring the weight-bearing symmetry static sitting and standing in stroke patients. Methods: For 27 stroke patients, weight-bearing symmetry was assessed twice, 7 days apart. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were used to examine the level of agreement between test and retest. The criterion-related validity of weight -bearing symmetry was demonstrated by Spearman correlation of modified Barthel index (MBI), the sit to stand test (STS), the timed up & go Test (TUG), and the function in sitting test (FIST). Results: the test-retest agreements were excellent for the weight-bearing symmetry of static sitting (ICC2,1: 0.90) and standing (ICC2,1: 0.89). It all showed that the acceptable MDC for the weight-bearing symmetry of static sitting and standing was 0.11 and 0.16, respectively (highest possible score<20 %), indicating that the measures had a small and acceptable degree of measurement error. The weight-bearing symmetry of static sitting was significantly correlated with the TUG(r=-0.45) and FIST(r=0.46)(p<0.05); the weight-bearing symmetry of static standing was also significantly correlated with MBI (r=0.65), TUG (r=-0.67), FIST (r=0.61)(p<0.01), and STS (r=-0.47)(p<0.05). Conclusion: The weight-bearing symmetry of static sitting and standing assessed by the trunk stability robot showed highly sufficient test-retest agreement and mild-to-moderate validity. It could also be useful for clinicians and researchers to evaluate balance performance and monitor functional change in stroke patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2019

Background Prosthetic hands with a myoelectric interface have recently received interest within the broader category of hand prostheses, but their high cost is a major barrier to use. Modern three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has enabled more widespread development and cost-effectiveness in the field of prostheses. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical impact of a low-cost 3D-printed myoelectric-interface prosthetic hand on patients' daily life. Methods A prospective review of all upper-arm transradial amputation amputees who used 3D-printed myoelectric interface prostheses (Mark V) between January 2016 and August 2017 was conducted. The functional outcomes of prosthesis usage over a 3-month follow-up period were measured using a validated method (Orthotics Prosthetics User Survey-Upper Extremity Functional Status [OPUS-UEFS]). In addition, the correlation between the length of the amputated radius and changes in OPUS-UEFS scores was analyzed. Results Ten patients were included in the study. After use of the 3D-printed myoelectric single electromyography channel prosthesis for 3 months, the average OPUS-UEFS score significantly increased from 45.50 to 60.10. The Spearman correlation coefficient (r) of the correlation between radius length and OPUS-UEFS at the 3rd month of prosthetic use was 0.815. Conclusions This low-cost 3D-printed myoelectric-interface prosthetic hand with a single reliable myoelectrical signal shows the potential to positively impact amputees' quality of life through daily usage. The emergence of a low-cost 3D-printed myoelectric prosthesis could lead to new market trends, with such a device gaining popularity via reduced production costs and increased market demand.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.7
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• pp.281-285
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• 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the association between elevated S100B levels with brain tissue damage seen in abnormalities of head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; diffusion tensor imaging [DTI] sequence) in patients with status epilepticus (SE). Methods: An analytical observational study was conducted in children hospitalized at Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, from July to December 2016. The patients were divided into 2 groups: SE included all children with a history of SE; control included all children with febrile seizure. Blood samples of patients were drawn within 24 hours after admission. SE patients also underwent cranial MRI with additional DTI sequencing. The Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Fifty-three patients were enrolled the study. In the 24 children with SE who met the inclusion criteria, serum S100B and cranial MRI findings were assessed. Twenty-two children admitted with febrile seizures became the control group. Most patients were male (66.7%); the mean age was 35.8 months (standard deviation, 31.09). Mean S100B values of the SE group ($3.430{\pm}0.141{\mu}g/L$) and the control group ($2.998{\pm}0.572{\mu}g/L$) were significantly different (P<0.05). A significant difference was noted among each level of encephalopathy based on the cranial MRI results with serum S100B levels and the correlation was strongly positive with a coefficient value of 0.758 (P<0.001). Conclusion: In SE patients, there is an increase of serum S100B levels within 24 hours after seizure, which has a strong positive correlation with brain damage seen in head MRI and DTI.