• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2004

As Lately movie industry and related market becomes larger and people have had more spare time, people's interest in multiplex grows higher, This paper studies relationships between physical service environment and customer's satisfaction in multiplex. The number of subjects in this study is 346 persons stayed at four multiplexes, among which we obtained valid responses from 326 persons through questionnaire investigation. We held hypotheses for the relationships, and for the testing, used methods are Spearman's correlation, Mann-Whitney test, etc, and for statistical analysis, SPSS 10.1 software was used. Thus, we found statistically significant results, that is, the relation between physical service environment and customer's satisfaction is positive: the higher evaluation about physical service environment is, the more customer's universal satisfaction is. Information about the significant relation's intensity of many indicators in physical service environment, which is given in this paper, can be used for attaining higher customer satisfaction and spreading more effective management activities in multiplex.

• IE interfaces
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.314-322
• /
• 2011

This study analyzes a relationship between Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) efficiency scores and a normalization index in order to examine the validity of DEA models. A normalization index concerned in this study is 'sales per R&D project fund' which is regarded as a crucial R&D project performance evaluation index in practice. For this correlation analysis, three distinct DEA models are selected such as DEA basic model, DEA/AR-I revised model(i.e. DEA basic model with Acceptance Region Type I constraints) and Super-Efficiency(SE) model. Especially, SE model is adopted where efficient R&D projects(i.e. Decision Making Units, DMU's) with DEA efficiency score of unity from DEA basic model can be further differentiated in ranks. Considering the non-normality and outliers, two rank correlation coefficients such as Spearman's ${\rho}_s$ and Kendall's ${\tau}_B$ are investigated in addition to Pearson's ${\gamma}$. With an up-to-date empirical massive dataset of n = 482 R&D projects associated with R&D Loan Program of Korea Information Communication Promotion Fund in the year of 2011, statistically significant (+) correlations are verified between the normalization index and every model's DEA efficiency scores with all three correlation coefficients. Especially, the congruence verified in this empirical analysis can be a useful reference for enhancing the practitioner's acceptability onto DEA efficiency scores as a real-world R&D project performance evaluation index.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.45-60
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to determine the inter-rater reliability of the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment translated in Korean. This measures the physical impairments and disabilities that impact on the lives of individuals with stroke. The purposes of this measure were 1) to stage motor recovery to classify individuals in terms of clinical characteristics, 2) to predict rehabilitation outcomes, and 3) to measure clinically important change in physical function. Twenty-two subjects from physical therapy unit were assessed by two physical therapists. The ratings were compared by Spearman's rank correlation The correlation between two raters ranged from 0.85 to 0.98. Inter-rater reliability coefficient for total scores ranged from 0.95 to 0.97. This study confirms that the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment yields reliable results.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
• /
• v.73 no.12
• /
• pp.1849-1854
• /
• 2018

The present study aims to investigate the feasibility of using a simple nonlinear acoustic method for the assessment of bone status and osteoporosis in trabecular bone. Correlations of linear and nonlinear ultrasound parameters with the apparent bone density were obtained in 32 bovine femoral trabecular bone samples. Highly significant positive correlations were observed between the apparent bone density and the two linear ultrasound parameters, the speed of sound (SOS) and the normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation (nBUA), with Spearman's correlation coefficients of r = 0.85 and 0.77. In contrast, the apparent bone density was found to be negatively correlated with the nonlinear ultrasound parameter introduced in the present study, the logarithmic difference between the power spectrum levels of the fundamental frequency and the second harmonic (PSL1-PSL2), with the highest correlation coefficient of r = -0.92. These results suggest that the PSL1-PSL2, in addition to the SOS and the nBUA, may be useful for the assessment of bone status and osteoporosis.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2022

The analysis of seven islands in Gogunsan archipelago, Korea with insect fauna and vascular plant flora was carried out based on a field survey conducted in May, July, and September. As a result, a total of 2,817 insect individuals including 264 species and 315 taxa of vascular plant were recorded. Bangchukdo the largest island among the seven islands showed the largest number both insect species and plant taxa. The similarity analysis suggested that the nearness of each island strongly affected the insect fauna and vascular plant flora on each island. In addition, there was significant correlation between the areas of each island and the numbers of insect species (Spearman's correlation coefficient=0.857, P-value=0.014). In the future, the results of this study can be used as data related to island ecology and conservation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.2313-2316
• /
• 2015

Objective: To investigate the correlation between extracellular matrix protein-1 (ECM1) and the growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of laryngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Forty-five samples with laryngeal benign and malignant tumors confirmed by pathology in Laiwu City People's Hospital from March 2006 to March 2011 were collected, in which there were 29 cases with laryngeal carcinoma and 16 with benign tumors. The expression of ECM1 and factor VIII-related antigens in patients with laryngeal carcinoma and those with benign tumors was respectively detected using immunohistochemical method, and the correlation between ECM1 staining grade and microvessel density (MVD) was analyzed. Results: In laryngeal carcinoma tissue, ECM1 was mainly expressed in cytoplasm, less in cytomembrane or intercellular substance. With abundant expression in the tissue of laryngeal benign tumors (benign mesenchymoma and hemangioma), ECM1 was primarily expressed in the connective tissue, which was different from the expression in laryngeal carcinoma tissue. The proportion of positive ECM1 staining (++) in patients with laryngeal carcinoma was dramatically higher than those with benign tumors (p<0.05), and that of strongly-positive ECM1 staining (+++) slightly higher. The results of Spearman nonparametric correlation analysis revealed that ECM1 staining grade in laryngeal carcinoma tissue had a significantly-positive correlation with MVD (r=0.866, p=0.000). Conclusions: ECM1 expression in laryngeal carcinoma is closely associated with tumor cell growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, which can be considered as an effective predictor in the occurrence and postoperative recurrence of laryngeal carcinoma.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 2012

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the psychological fatigue and analyze muscle activity of production workers who are performing processes jobs while standing for prolonged time periods. Methods: The psychological fatigue experienced by the workers was obtained through questionnaire surveys. Meanwhile, muscle activity has been analyzed using surface electromyography (sEMG) measurement. Lower extremities muscles include: erector spinae, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius were concurrently measured for more than five hours of standing. Twenty male production workers in a metal stamping company participated as subjects in this study. The subjects were required to undergo questionnaire surveys and sEMG measurement. Results: Results of the questionnaire surveys found that all subjects experienced psychological fatigue due to prolonged standing jobs. Similarly, muscle fatigue has been identified through sEMG measurement. Based on the non-parametric statistical test using the Spearman's rank order correlation, the left erector spinae obtained a moderate positive correlation and statistically significant ($r_s$ = 0.552, p < 0.05) between the results of questionnaire surveys and sEMG measurement. Conclusion: Based on this study, the authors concluded that prolonged standing was contributed to psychological fatigue and to muscle fatigue among the production workers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.211-219
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to search for correlation between activity limitation level and participation restriction of children with cerebral palsy by investigating the activity limitation level through the use of the GMFCS E&R and the MACS and by figuring out participation restriction level through questionnaire survey. This study was performed, from May 1, 2010 to August 31, 2010, on 152 children with cerebral palsy ranging from 4 to 12 years, who are receiving rehabilitation therapy in the hospitals and community clinics in Busan and Gyeongnam province. The levels of activity limitation were assessed by using GMFCS E&R and MACS, and a questionnaire survey was conducted for participation restriction of the participating children. Spearman rank correlation was used for correlation analysis with the statistical software, SPSS 12.0. Majority of the children scored level 5 in both GMFCS E&R and MACS which is high frequency of activity limitation levels. Children in these levels also showed severe or complete participation restriction for mobility, education, and social relations. The analysis showed a significantly positive correlation between activity limitation level and participation restriction. Therefore this study may be useful in assessing the functional movement component of participation in children with cerebral palsy and developing the intervention plan for participation.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between the pulse energy and hot flush in women who complain of climacteric syndrome. Methods: We analyzed the values of pulse energy on 78 of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The symptoms of patients were assessed by Kupperman’s index (KI) and Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Statistical analysis was performed by Spearman correlation coefficient and student T-test, using SPSS 18.0 for window program. Results: The results were as follows. 1. There were no statistically significant relation between pulse energy of left Cheok subtracted from left Chon and KI, MRS hot flush score. 2. When divided depending on MRS hot flush score, There were no statistically significant differences on pulse energy. Conclusions: The results suggest that there is no correlation between hot flush score and pulse energy.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Predicting life expectancy of terminally ill cancer patients is very important. In many studies, ferritin is detected at higher levels in the sera of cancer patients, and higher ferritin level correlates with aggressiveness of disease and poor outcomes of patients. This study evaluated a prognostic role of serum ferritin levels in terminally ill cancer patients. Methods: This study enrolled 65 terminally ill cancer patients from March through June 2012. We assessed routine laboratory findings including serum ferritin levels as well as demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. To examine the association between serum ferritin levels and patient's characteristics, we used Spearman's correlation analysis, Wilcoxon's rank sum test or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriately. For multivariate analysis, Cox's proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate significance of serum ferritin levels as a prognostic factor. Results: A negative correlation between serum ferritin levels and survival time was found. After adjusting for sex, age, performance status, creatinine levels and white blood cell counts, serum ferritin levels were significantly associated with survival time. Conclusion: Even at the very end of life of terminal cancer patients, serum ferritin levels were an independent prognostic factor for survival.