• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2004

According to the survey done among the 20s of university students in Oct. 2002, the female animation characters from Korea and Japan have almost no distinction. Speaking of the features of the characters, they have big eyes, a long nose, an oval face. However, their eyes and mouths are expressed exaggeratedly, which makes them hard to get a good impression from the people. It seems that the identity of Korean female animation characters is disappearing in terms of the copycat from western animation characters. Through the research, the features of 20s of Korean and Japanese girls are compared and they were reviewed from the ideal and biological point of view. Then, the animation characters, which physiognomy has been applied, are created based on result, which I am trying to find the standard model of Korea female animation character. As an ideal point of view, it turns out that Korean has a positive reaction on the female animation characters with the cute & introspective characteristics. On the contrary, Korean has a negative reactions on the ones that were created in a biological viewpoint and has a highly sensitive and discontented characteristics. This shows that Korean do not prefer the female animation characters with highly sensitive and discontented characters. According to the survey, 73.5% of people could find the same 7 kinds of female characters which are shown frequently in the animation. This means that the oriental physiognomy is an effective way to approach to the features of the character's face depending on the characteristics of each female characters. The characters in this study are based on real face of female, but we can create the various animation characters if we apply the partial feature of distinctive each personal face.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.335-342
• /
• 2004

Recently there have been various research activities regarding Korean traditional aesthetics. However, those researches were mainly conducted individually, partially, and periodically, which resulted in unsystematic and incomprehensive works. Therefore, it is required to orginze all the precedent research works with more systematic and objective framework. Generally speaking, all the human activities including aesthetic activity have ends, procedure and means. In other words, human being needs three key elements for realizing any thought and those three elements include contents, formal, and practical element. Element of contents is ultimate goal to accomplish as value, concept, and meaning of thought with their aims. Formal element includes methods, principles, norms, procedure, formality and style comprising of thought in order to accomplish the goal. Finally, practical element refers to specific means, tool, media, material and techniques to concretize the contents through form. Almost all of thoughts and meaning which human being tries to express consist of language. Major elements in sentence include 'subject (omissible)' , 'objects (aim)', 'predicate (formality)', 'complement (means)' and they are composed systematically and hierarchically with rules in sentence. The study compared human activity model with language structure and analyzed their implication with design (aesthetics), which made it possible to propose analytic frameworks for traditional aesthetics. In addition, the study also systematically organized the way to realize traditional aesthetic value in the present context based on the methods developed in this study.

• Korean Journal of Korean Medical Institute of Dermatology and Aesthetics
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.53-90
• /
• 2005

Purpose: Contents of astragaloside I, II and IV, cytotoxicity, anticancer activity, immunomodulatory activity and antioxidant capacity were to be compared as a function of the cultivated years as one, three, five and seven years. Method: Major components of Astragali membranacei Radix were separated as astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV by HPLC analysis. Cytotoxicity and anticancer activities were measured by MTT and SRB assay. For immunomodulatory activity, the secretion of IL -6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, NK cell activation and macrophage activation were observed as well as kinetics of responding to human T cells by a microphysiometer. In vitro antioxidant activities were measured by several radical scavenging activities of superoxide anion radican, DPPH, LDL and linoleic acid. For in vivo activity, the activation of SOD, GSH-px, catalase, ALDH and ADH was measured as well the relative weight of liver. Result : 1. For HPLC analysis, the contents of all of astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV were in order of three, five, one and seven years. 2. The cytotoxicity of normal human lung cell line, HEL299 showed lower than 18% in adding 0.25 mg/ml, and 28.9% in adding 1.0 mg/ml of water extract of seven year root. For methanol extracts, three year root showed highest cytotoxicity as 35.2 % and there was no difference between the cultivated years. 3. For anticancer activities, methanol extracts of one and three year roots showed relatively high inhibition of human stomach cancer cells, AGS, breast cancer cells, MCF-7, lung cancer cells, A549 and liver cancer cell, Hep3B as well as high selectivities. 4. The water extract of seven year root could yield high secretion of IL-6 from both human Band T cells while the methanol extracts of three and five year roots secreted high amounts of IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from both Band T cells. 5. As a result of in vitro antioxidant activities, both water and methanol extracts from five and seven year roots showed high activities for superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, inhibiting linoleic acid peroxide and contents of total phenols. 6. For in vivo tests, Mn-SOD and GSH-px activities and weight of liver were better in adding seven year root. For ALDH activity one year root was better and for ADH activity five year root. Overall speaking, seven year root showed relatively better antioxidant activities. Conclusion:There was difference of the contents of astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV according to cultivation year. Methanol extract showed better activities of anticancer and immune activation rather than water extract Interestingly enough, for methanol extracts, overall activities were improved as the cultivation year increased. There might be further investigation required for the clinical uses of the results as several biological activities varied according to the cultivated year of Astragali membranacei Radix.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.363-374
• /
• 2018

The Han River serves as an important water resource for the city of Seoul, Korea and in the neighboring metropolitan areas. From the Paldang dam to the Jamsil submerged weir, the 4 water intake stations that are located for the Seoul metropolitan population were under review in this study. Therefore the water quality management in this section is very important to monitor, analyze and review to rule out any safety concerns. In this study, a 3-D hydrodynamic model, EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code), was applied to the downstream of the Paldang Dam in the Han River, which is about 23 km in length, to determine issues related to water resource management. The 3-D grid was composed of 2,168 horizontal grids and three vertical layers. In this case, the hydrodynamic model was calibrated and verified with an observed average daily water surface elevation, water temperature and flow rate data for 3 years (2013~2015). The developed EFDC model proved to reproduce the hydrodynamics of the Han River well. The composition ratios of the noted incoming flows at the monitored intake stations for 3 years and their flow patterns in the river were analyzed using the validated model. It was found that the flow of the Wangsuk Stream depended on the Paldnag dam discharge, and it was noted that the composition ratios of the stream at the intake stations changed accordingly. In a word, the Wangsuk Stream moved mainly along the right bank of the Han River under the condition of a normal dam flow. As can be seen, when the dam discharge rate was low, the incidence of lateral mixing was often seen. The scenario analyses were also conducted to predict the transport of conservative pollutants as in the case of a chemical spill accident. Generally speaking, when scenarios were applied, the arrival time and concentration of pollutants at each intake station was thus predicted.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.29-47
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the inquiry tasks included in the elementary social studies with school library based instruction (SLBI) focused on the information literacy process and select teacher librarians' educational role under learning for social studies. For this purpose, national elementary curriculum of $4^{th}$, $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ social studies in the second term are analyzed. As results of analysis, the $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ students who take part in solving the inquiry tasks could compare and analyze illustrations, photographs and texts in their text books individually and present the results with speaking. The $6^{th}$ students could deal with their tasks using their experience, idea or information found from other resources and express the outcome orally according to the content of inquiry tasks. Therefore, teacher librarians could teach information literacy skills such as comparison, contrast, combination, distinction between opinions and facts, or prediction and inference of conclusion to the $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ elementary student. Teacher librarians can also participate in whole information literacy instruction for the $6^{th}$ students from building the solution strategies of tasks, collecting and using materials to completing and evaluating the results under the long term collaboration with the classroom teachers.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.355-371
• /
• 2013

While many research focused learners as those who excel in mathematics or science, the identification of learners with potential or demonstrated talent in visual art has also been the meaningful research topic. Since these learners exhibit high performance capability in intellectual, creative and artistic areas, they require services or programs not ordinarily provided by the schools. This research tried to clarify what high performance means when speaking of learners with outstanding talent in the visual arts based on the relevant literature. Also, this research introduced the recent trends in the field of art gifted and talented education. In order to demonstrate critical issues and find new directions in art education for gifted learners, this research conducted the survey, and this survey target group was arts high school students. Based on the survey analysis, this research conducted the semi-structured interviews with focal participants including the teachers and an artist. Interviewees generated many meaningful issues, and interview analysis reconceptualized art education for gifted learners as following. 1) Gifted education should consider learners' excellence, equity, troubles, and struggles that often go unnoticed. 2) We should reform the criteria, standards, and strategies in finding art gifted learners. 3) In order to facilitate meaningful and creative art education, higher education institutions need to change the current college entrance exam. 4) The goal of gifted art education is not only raising the world-class artists. 5) Meaningful art education for gifted learners is in interaction with the environment including group dynamics, parents influence, and teachers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.509-519
• /
• 2017

This study addresses the effective utilization of film music as learning material for language, target culture, and ethics education. Music is intertwined with language and culture, and even with ethics. This study focuses on the potential power of film music in the processes of teaching and learning in a classroom. For this purpose, five songs are selected from the soundtrack of Disney's famous animation The Lion King: "Circle of life", "I just can't wait to be king", "Be prepared", "Hakuna Matata", and "Can you feel the love tonight?", and concrete learning activities are suggested based on these. Using these five songs, gap-filling and singing-recoding tasks are proposed as listening and speaking activities respectively. Film music is also very useful in learning vocabulary, sentence structure, and grammar. Learners participate in a writing activity involving creating their own lyrics for the tunes reflecting their experiences. Next, for culture education, a teacher asks their students to discuss about, and be aware of, food culture using a specific character's song. Finally, for ethics education, a philosophy of life, natural logic, leadership qualities, and the motto Hakuna Matata("no worries") are explored and discussed through an analysis of the lyrics. The open-ended questionnaire survey is conducted. The result shows that music has a positive effect on culture and ethics education. Film music can be effective in learning a second language, target culture, and ethics.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 2011

Objective : Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has been characterized by a marked sense of anxiety provoked by exposure to one or more social situations. It has been well-known that the cultural characteristics of a society strongly affect the expression of SAD symptoms. The current study attempted to explore clinical and cultural characteristics of social anxiety symptoms in the Korean nonclinical population. Methods : 801 volunteers who participated in the national social anxiety screening day, which was held by Korean academy of anxiety disorders, were invited to complete the self-report version of Liebowitz social anxiety scale (LSAS-SR). A total of 691 participants completed the LSAS-SR and other information related to this study. Results : Social anxiety symptoms were reported by a great percentage of subjects, as displayed by the relatively high mean LSAS scores (44.58 ; SD=25.60). There were no significant differences in total LSAS score according to sex, education, or marital status. The three most fearful or avoided situations for participants, as measured by the percentage of subjects who had a score of more than 3 on each LSAS item were as follows: item 6 (acting, performing, or giving a talk in front of an audience ; 29.67% for fear and 22.72% for avoidance), item 16 (speaking up in a meeting ; 25.62% for fear and 21.56% for avoidance), and item 15 (being the center of attention; 13.89% for fear and 9.70% for avoidance). Conclusion : The Korean participants in this study demonstrated a high level of SAD symptoms. Our subjects reported that they were more likely to be fearful or avoid passive situations such as being the center of attention as compared with results from a study of western society which indicated that western people were more likely to be fearful or avoid active situations. These findings emphasize the importance of considering a patient's cultural background when evaluating SAD symptoms.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.41
• /
• pp.445-476
• /
• 2010

In this essay I aimed to analyze the concept of cultivation in east asian aesthetics. Most people regarded traditional asian paintings as an artwork that was obviously an artwork by artists. Moreover, they emphasized the cultivation of artists in their creation and used to accept the concept of cultivation which means cultivating one's mind. Generally speaking, to cultivate one's mind meant enlarging one's ethical behavior and he or she became a better person. And in creation, it meant considering all things more deeply. In this point of view, it was too vague to notice the meaning. What is an accurate meaning of cultivate artist's mind? What was the relation between creation and cultivation? In confucian philosophy, the concept of cultivation had two meanings. One was to enlarge one's ethical behavior and the other was to improve one's knowledge about things. The knowledge implied all of the one's experiences about things. Thus, the knowledge meant what he communicated with under his surroundings and created. In this perspective, to analyze the case of "Dohwaguenmungi" and "Limchungochi", cultivation was related to 'you(游)' and 'jing(精)'. It implied all of the artist's efforts to make communication with his objects deeper and wider, at last, he created his own meaning about object that he experienced. Therefore, I suggest that when we use the concept of cultivation in the context of creation, it should be used as the meaning related with improving one's knowledge about things.

• Journal of Korean language education
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2018

This paper investigates how adult Mandarin- and English- speaking learners of Korean perceive Korean vowels, with focus on the effect of the first language (L1) and the second language (L2) acoustic relationship, as well as the influence of Korean language experience. For this study, native Mandarin and Canadian English speakers who have learned Korean as a foreign language, as well as a control group of native Korean speakers, participated in two experiments. Experiment 1 was designed to examine acoustic similarities between Korean and English vowels, as well as Korean and Mandarin vowels to predict which Korean vowels are relatively easy, or difficult for L2 learners to perceive. The linear discriminant analysis (Klecka, 1980) based on their L1-L2 acoustic similarity predicted that L2 Mandarin learners would have perceptual difficulty rankings for Korean vowels as follows: (the easiest) /i, a, e/ >> /ɨ, ʌ, o, u/ (most difficult), whereas L2 English learners would have perceptual difficulty rankings for Korean vowels as follows: (the easiest) /i, a, e, ɨ, ʌ/ >> /o, u/ (most difficult). The goal of Experiment 2 was to test how accurately L2 Mandarin and English learners perceive Korean vowels /ɨ, ʌ, o, u/ which are considered to be difficult for L2 learners. The results of a mixed-effects logistic model revealed that English listeners showed higher identification accuracy for Korean vowels than Mandarin listeners, indicating that having a larger L1 vowel inventory than the L2 facilitates L2 vowel perception. However, both groups have the same ranking of Korean vowel perceptual difficulty: ɨ > ʌ > u > o. This finding indicates that adult learners of Korean can perceive the new vowel /ɨ/, which does not exist in their L1, more accurately than the vowel /o/, which is acoustically similar to vowels in their L1, suggesting that L2 learners are more likely to establish additional phonetic categories for new vowels. In terms of the influence of experience with L2, it was found that identification accuracy increases as Korean language experience rises. In other words, the more experienced English and Mandarin learners of Korean are, the more likely they are to have better identification accuracy in Korean vowels than less experienced learners of Korean. Moreover, there is no interaction between L1 background and L2 experience, showing that identification accuracy of Korean vowels is higher as Korean language experience increases regardless of their L1 background. Overall, these findings of the two experiments demonstrated that acoustic similarity between L1 and L2 sounds using the LDA model can partially predict perceptual difficulty in L2 acquisition, indicating that other factors such as perceptual similarity between L1 and L2, the merge of Korean /o/ and /u/ may also influence their Korean vowel perception.