• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.31
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• pp.12-18
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• 2002

This study was performed to construct the spatial systems and shape grammars in architecture based on Froebel's educational idea and building gifts. Especially, it studies on the geometrical principles of Froebel's building gifts and it's types, and then illustrates applied examples about design vocabularies, spatial relations and shape rules of the spatial systems and shape grammars in architecture. The conclusions of this study that starts these purpose are as follows. First, Froebel's educational theory is based on principles and rules which are perceived through the observation of nature, and Froebel's kindergarten method consists of geometrical building gifts and categories of geometrical forms. Second, the characteristics of Froebel's building gifts are mathematical size, proportion, symmetry and the rules of spatial relation. Third, the development to the construction of spatial systems and shape grammars in architecture focus on the vocabularies of architectural elements, and Froebel's building gifts are used for illustration of examples in these formula.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1999

This paper argues that the basic modes of spatial cognition can be best identified in terms of argument/participant location, and shows that natural language uses‘simple’types of semantic denotations to encode spatial cognition, and further notes that spatial expressions should be interpreted not as locating an event/state as a whole but as locating arguments/participants of the event. The ways of locating events/states are identified in terms of argument orientation(AO), Which indicates semantic patterns of linkiarticipant location. and shows that natural langrage uses ng locatives to specific arguments. Four patterns of argument orientation described here reveal substantial modes of spatial cognition. and the AO patterns are mostly determined by the semantic classes of English verbs combining with locative expressions, i.e., by the event type of the predicate. As for the denotational constraint of locatives, the paper concludes that semantic denotations of locative PPs are restricted to the intersecting functions mapping relations to relations.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.30-40
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• 2020

This study performed GIS and statistical analyses on the location and spatial characteristics of the slum in Daejeon. Spatial data of 648 slum residents in Daejeon were collected and 131 residents among them were surveyed. The results showed the trends of higher rent, lower social exclusion and closer neighboring relations in slum center than the surrounding areas, which could be interpreted as the interrelated multilateral effects of the micro- (housing), meso- (relations), exo- (community) and macro- (government policy) systems. The strong bonds among neighbors and various supports from social service facilities elevated the slum area's rent and diminished residents' social exclusion more than housing conditions (for instance, poor hygiene and low safety). Slum tenants willingly paid a premium for their substandard housings and refused moving to governmentally provided modern housing units. In urban development, administrative authorities need to be cautious about slum uprooting. Much rather an alternative renewal approach is needed which protects the slum's intimate relations while improving its overall living standards.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.49-77
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• 2007

Role-based access control (RBAC) models are recently receiving considerable attention as a generalized approach to access control. In line with the increase in applications that deal with spatial data. an advanced RBAC model whose entities and constraints depend on the characteristics of spatial data is required. Even if some approaches have been proposed for geographic information systems. most studies focus on the location of users instead of the characteristics of spatial data. In this paper. we extend the traditional RBAC model in order to deal with the characteristics of spatial data and propose new spatial constraints. We use the object-oriented modeling based on open GIS consortium geometric model to formalize spatial objects and spatial relations such as hierarchy relation and topology relation. As a result of the formalization for spatial relations. we present spatial constraints classified according to the characteristics of each relation. We demonstrate our extended-RBAC model called OOGIS-RBAC and spatial constraints through case studies. Finally. we compare our OOGIS-RBAC model and the DAC model in the management of access control to prove the efficiency of our model.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4617-4632
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• 2021

IEEE 802.11ax is a protocol being developed for high-density Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN). Several algorithms have been proposed to improve the level of spatial reuse applied in IEEE 802.11ax. However, these algorithms are tentative and do not specify how to select the transmit power and carrier sense threshold in practice; It is unclear when and why the tuned parameters lead to better network performance. In this paper, we restricted the scale of transmit power tuning to prevent the case of backfire in which spatial reuse will result in transmission failure. If the restrictions cannot be satisfied, spatial reuse will be abandoned. This is why we named the proposed scheme as Arbitration based Spatial Reuse (ASR). We quantified the network performance after spatial reuse, and formulate a corresponding maximum problem whose solution is the optimal carrier sense threshold and transmit power. We verified our theoretical analysis by simulation and compared it with previous studies, and the results show that ASR improves the throughput up to 8.6% compared with 802.11ax. ASR can avoid failure of spatial reuse, while the spatial reuse failure rate of existing schemes can up to 36%. To use the ASR scheme in practice, we investigate the relation between the optimal carrier sense threshold and transmit power. Based on the relations got from ASR, the proposed Relation based Spatial Reuse (RSR) scheme can get a satisfactory performance by using only the interference perceived and the previously found relations.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.40-50
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• 2008

This article examined the applicability of spatial configuration to Escher's works through configurative logics and rules and studied the contrasting relations among the unit elements in Escher's works and their characteristics and the creative process of the characteristics. As the results of the study on the bases to maintain and create the partial elements revealed as the characteristics, it was shown that Escher's sequential transformative works demonstrated diverse expressive characteristics as a creative process of Inter-complementary contrasting relations based on the independence of the unit elements. It was also shown that the creative process of the unit elements was actualized through the maintenance base of the fixed and absolute characteristic as the logic for the creation and the creation base of the dynamic and relative characteristic. Therefore, it was interpreted that by applying the logics for creation to Escher's unit elements through the spatial interpretation of the maintenance base and the creation base as well as by configuring the units created in such a way according to the characteristics of Escher's works, spatial possibility canbe derived out from Escher's contrasting tessellation works. The process of spatial configuration is the process to make a balance between various conditions, artists own understanding of the space and his/her intention of the space. From this viewpoint, the logics for maintenance base and for creation base seem to have the potentiality as a spatial configuration to consistently meet the given conditions as well as to derive out novelty through the transformation to maintain the fixed and absolute condition(base) and the characteristics of the independent(additional) transformation arising together with the implicit relations among the transformative units.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.4 no.1 s.7
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• pp.39-46
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• 2002

In distributed spatial database systems, users nay issue a query that joins two relations stored at different sites. The sheer volume and complexity of spatial data bring out expensive CPU and I/O costs during the spatial join processing. This paper shows a new spatial join method which joins two spatial relation in a parallel way. Firstly, the initial join operation is divided into two distinct ones by partitioning one of two participating relations based on the region. This two join operations are assigned to each sites and executed simultaneously. Finally, each intermediate result sets from the two join operations are merged to an ultimate result set. This method reduces the number of spatial objects participating in the spatial operations. It also reduces the scope and the number of scanning spatial indices. And it does not materialize the temporary results by implementing the join algebra operators using the iterator. The performance test shows that this join method can lead to efficient use in terms of buffer and disk by narrowing down the joining region and decreasing the number of spatial objects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.1729-1734
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• 2000

Complex dispersion relations in a cylindrical, foam-lined duct were successfully identified by using an iterative Prony series method. Techniques for using the iterative procedure successfully are described in detail, particularly with regard to model order selection and the identification of parameter starting values. It is shown that modal wave speeds and spatial attenuations per wavelength can be derived from the complex dispersion relations obtained using the iterative procedure. In addition, a finite element simulation is shown to well represent corresponding experimental measurement in terms of modal wave speeds and spatial attenuations.

• Architectural research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 2013

Since Modern Movement flexibility has been one of the most attractive words in architecture. However, "overprovision first, division later" has been the most prevailing design method for spatial flexibility, and many of buildings designed for flexible use are practically quite inflexible due to insufficient building systems or/and irresponsible planning. There have been two dominant strategies to achieve architectural flexibility: multi-functionality and polyvalence. These two approaches, which point contradictory directions, actually reflect the difficulty in providing a proper form of architectural flexibility. Multi-functionality can afford changeable environments with satisfying spatial conditions; however it lacks tolerance to accommodate other uses but intended functions by architects. Meanwhile, flexibility by a polyvalent form relies on the vague anticipation of user's various interpretations. In this study by looking up these two different standpoints and historical precedents flexibility in architecture is carefully scrutinized focused on the contradiction, and as an alternative for architectural flexibility contextual relations is proposed. Unlike both multi-functionality and polyvalence, which produce flexibility by changing its own properties, manipulating contextual relations infuses flexibility into space by changing the properties of a building, not of its individual room. By using this contextual relations method, a community-centered school in Manhattan, NY, which was in danger of being closed because of its academic failure, is represented as a flexible space.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2004

Recently, location-based services are becoming very Popular in mobile environments. In this paper, we propose a new association based prefetch algorithm (called by STAP) that efficiently supports information service based on the large quantity of spatial database in mobile environments. We apply the spatial-temporal relations that are meaningful for location-based queries in mobile environments. Moreover, STAP considers user's mobility and the weight of spatial data. The relation of services is a new aspect not considered in previous cache politics. So STAP is the first prefetch algorithm considering the spatial-temporal relations and thus the cache policy begins to gain a new dimension. We evaluate the performance of STAP and prove the efficiency of STAP.