• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2009년도 IWAIT
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• pp.282-285
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• 2009

This paper proposes a flame verification algorithm using motion and spatial persistency. Most previous vision-based methods using color information and temporal variations of pixels produce frequent false alarms due to the use of many heuristic features. To solve these problems, we used a Bayesian Networks. In addition, since the shape of flame changes upwards irregularly due to the airflow caused by wind or burning material, we distinct real flame from moving objects by checking the motion orientation and temporal persistency of flame regions to remove the misclassification. As a result, the use of two verification steps and a Bayesian inference improved the detection performance and reduced the missing rate.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.98-106
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• 1993

As a faithful study about the intended plan of builder, this article studied the Dosanseodang(陶山書堂) which is located in the Dosanseodang(陶山書堂). The Dosanseowon is one of the representative Yi-Dynasty' Seowons. Through the review of $\ulcorner$The Writings of Toegye$\lrcorner$. It is found several intended plan of the Dosanseodang(陶山書 堂) as follows. 1. When Toegye located the site of the Dosanseodang in the Dosan, using four criteria such as 1) geographical characteristics(地 理), 2) hills and waters(山水) 3) form and orientation of valley, 4) so-cial characteristics. 2. In the Dosan area, the location of Seodang was determined by the physical characteristics of the valley(orientation and entrance), not by the concept of Fung-sui(風水). 3. The whole spatial structure of Seodang area formed triangle, and the Dosanseodang was located at the angular point of the triangle. 4. The landscape elements of the Dosanseodang falled into the three landscape hierarchy such as a front view, a middle view, and a distance view. Besides the three views, there was a borrowed view which Toegye defined in terms of ownership.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2003

본 연구는 측량용 디지털 카메라인 Rollei d7 metric과 d7 $metric^{5}$를 이용하여 촬영거리, 수렴각, 촬영방향을 변화시켜가면서 촬영을 실시하였으며, 표정 시 발생하는 오차를 최소화하기 위해 프로그램 상에서 자동적으로 상호표정 되는 원형표지를 이용하였다. 그리고 자료처리체계로는 해석적 방법 중에서 현재 가장 좋은 정도를 얻을 수 있는 광속조정법(bundle adjustment)를 이용하였다. 이러한 연구는 차후 현장에서 요구하는 정도의 사진촬영과 예상되는 정도를 판단하는데 중요한 자료로 이용될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2004년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.76-79
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to suggest the specific design guidelines for major physical elements like colors, patterns or shapes which can produce the place identity enhancing wayfinding affordability. The research consists with theoretical studies. From the precedent researches, the main design principles enhancing wayfinding affordability were defined and then the list and the nature of the major physical interior elements were drawn, based on them. The result presented that the specific design guidelines as well as design principles could be focused on the categories like generating landmarks, introducing color codes, floor patterns, and wall decorating. And dealing them to promote place identity, were shown as useful in articulating the pathway and indicating spatial orientation. Design guidelines as the result of the research, could be easily and directly applied on the real public spaces as a visual guidance enhancing navigability(the ability to recover position and orientation) to make up the wayfinding weakness.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2007

This study investigated the optimum positions and warning foreperiod for auditory signals with an experiment on spatial stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility effects. The auditory signals were presented at the front-right, front-left, rear-right, and rear-left positions from the subjects, whose reaction times and accuracies at different spatial mapping conditions were examined. The results showed a significant spatial stimulus-response compatibility effect in which faster and more accurate responses were obtained in the transversely and longitudinally compatible condition while the worst performance was found when spatial stimulus-response compatibility did not exist in either orientation. It was also shown that the transverse compatibility effect was found significantly stronger than the longitudinal compatibility effect. The effect of signal position was found significant and post hoc test suggested that the emergent warning alarm should be placed on the front-right position for right-handed users. The warning foreperiod prior to the signal presentation was shown to influence reaction time and a warning foreperiod of 3 s is found optimal for the 2-choice auditory reaction task.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to find out the pattern of Ger form, inner spatial composition of Mongolian Ger house, and to take a dig at the structural or symbolic elements of nomadic architecture of Ger. To the point of view of corresponding to living and space of housing, remarkable characteristics of Ger Architecture is able to pull down and recombine the structures of nomadic house. Even though urbanization of Mongolia has spreading rapidly in a whole nation, most of people preserves traditional housing pattern within Ger. The ways of survey are to study of traditional home of Mongolia, and then field work at residence or mountain area in Ulan Bator and Gorkhi Terelj National Park area. This survey contains the form, size, structure, spatial composition of living space, structure, and materials. There are three results as follows: First, the form of Ger house is like a pyramidal or crown roof style to approximate to the round shape of it. Usually they had lived in nomadic way of life, so the Ger had a movable and flexible structure. Second, the Ger is easy to build up and deconstruct to move or find a new pasture. Third, the Mongolian Ger structure is composed by mainly five elements that are Khana, Khaalga, Toono, Bagana, and Uni. It has a hierarchy of internal spaces which are classified to gender, orientation, and property.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.6000-6017
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• 2018

This paper presents a new descriptor, named Histograms of Prominent Edge Directions (HPED), for the recognition of facial expressions in a person-independent environment. In this paper, we raise the issue of sampling error in generating the code-histogram from spatial regions of the face image, as observed in the existing descriptors. HPED describes facial appearance changes based on the statistical distribution of the top two prominent edge directions (i.e., primary and secondary direction) captured over small spatial regions of the face. Compared to existing descriptors, HPED uses a smaller number of code-bins to describe the spatial regions, which helps avoid sampling error despite having fewer samples while preserving the valuable spatial information. In contrast to the existing Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) that uses the histogram of the primary edge direction (i.e., gradient orientation) only, we additionally consider the histogram of the secondary edge direction, which provides more meaningful shape information related to the local texture. Experiments on popular facial expression datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed HPED against existing descriptors in a person-independent environment.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2020

This paper focuses on the spatial changes that create a three-dimensional or deep feeling on the surface of a scarf centering on the cube shape. Through this, consumers with various tastes were able to satisfy their image presentation. The cube form has simplicity and order and is likely to be used as a formative object. The cube shapes can be expressed in various forms through visual and perceptual spatial changes by presenting various shape changes based on the viewpoint of the two-dimensional silk surface, that is, by changing the eyes' position and orientation. Various visual theorists' discussions about cube-shaped visual changes were discussed. In addition, the three-dimensional spatial illusion caused by the shape and color of Victor Bazaarelli's cube was examined. The cube shape was printed silk surfaces to give a three-dimensional sense of space on a two-dimensional scarf design using the size change, the difference in the length of the line, and the color change. As such, the cube shape has infinite possibilities as a method that can express three-dimensional depth and space on the flat surface of a scarf. Therefore, it is hoped that this study will be applied to various aspects as the basic data for the scarf design that expresses the spatial changes in the form of cubes.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2009

KOMPSAT-2(KOrean MultiPurpose SATellite-2)위성은 GSD(Ground sample distance) 1m급 전정색(panchromatic) 영상과 GSD 4m급의 다중분광(multispectral)영상을 동시에 제공하는 세계 7번째 고해상도(High-Resolution) 위성으로 지도제작, 국토모니터링, 환경 등 여러 분야에서의 다양한 활용이 기대된다. 그러나, KOMPSAT-2영상은 다중분광센서(MSC : Multi Spectral Camera)의 복잡성과 보안성에 의해 위성궤도 및 자세정보 등 영상 취득 시 기하학적 정보 및 영상이 제한적으로 제공되고 있어 KOMPSAT-2 영상을 이용한 다양한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 KOMPSAT-2의 스테레오 영상을 이용하여 DEM 및 정사영상 제작실험을 수행하여 KOMPSAT-2 영상을 이용한 지형공간정보 생성 가능성을 타진하고자 하였다. KOMPSAT-2영상을 이용한 DEM(Digital Elevation Model) 및 정사영상을 제작하기 위해서는 먼저 표정해석(orientation)을 수행하여야 한다. DEM을 제작하여 정확도를 분석한 결과, 전반적으로 수치지도에 비해 표고가 높게 추출되었다. 평지부에서는 평균 1.8m, 구릉지에서는 평균 7.2m, 산지에서는 평균 11.9m의 표고오차를 나타냈다. 본 연구를 통해 생성된 정사영상의 수평위치오차 평균은 ${\pm}3.081m$로 1:5,000 수치지도 수평위치오차 허용범위인 ${\pm}3.5m$ 준하는 것으로 나타났다. KOMPSAT-2호 영상을 이용하여 DEM 및 정사영상을 제작한 결과, 1:5,000급의 수치지도제작 및 지형공간정보 생성에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between the learning styles and science process skills of students of the gifted class in elementary school. Subjects were forty-eight students of the gifted class who are in the fifth grade studying at the gifted class of S elementary school in Bucheon, M and Y elementary school in Incheon on learning styles and science process skills of students. Learning Style Profile (LSP) was used as instrument to survey learning style of students of the gifted class which was developed by NASSP, and consists of four categories (cognitive skills, perceptual response, orientation and teaming preferences) and twenty-four subscales. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the learning styles test, students of the gifted class have higher scores of spatial skill, sequential processing skill, persistence orientation, manipulative preference, temperature preference and afternoon preference than general class students, but they have lower scores of discrimination skill and lighting preference, and there were statistically significant difference. 2. In science process skills test, there were statistically significant difference between students of the gifted class and general students. 3. In the correlation between the learning styles and science process skills, there was positive correlation of observing skill with spatial skill and manipulate skill of cognitive skill domain. For classifying skill, there was positive correlation with visual perceptual response, but was negative correlations with auditory and emotive perceptual response of perceptual response domain and with evening preference and verbal risk orientation of study preference domain. For measuring skill, there was positive correlation with sequential processing skill of cognitive skill domain. For formulating hypotheses, there was controlling variables, there was positive correlation with sequential processing skill and simultaneous processing skill of cognitive skill domain, and with verbal-spatial preference and early morning study preference of study preference domain. When planning and managing the gifted class, it will be beneficial and effective to consider the meaningful relations between the elements of loaming style and science process skills in order to improve science process skills.