• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2014

When the mouth of the Nakdong River, opens its floodgate, thousands of tons of litter should flown into the South Sea, moving towards nearby coast, thus causing serious social and economic damage. For this reason, in the present study, research was performed on one certain area in northeast coast of Geoje island, which is assumed as area damaged due to rainy season and typhoon in 2012, and research for trace of movement route was implemented by using buoy to identify characteristic of movement of floating debris caused from Nakdong River. Flows related to the movement of floating debris was also identified by analyzing ocean meteorological environment. As a result of the study, total 40 tons of litter composed of grasses and trees(or plants litter) were flown into Heungnam beach on 16th, Jul which is the rainy season. Plus, the location tracking buoy, which was dropped when the typhoon SANBA was coming, was passed by southern sea of Gadeok-do and was flown into Geoje beach 1 ~ 2 days after it was dropped. The wind direction was mostly northeasterly wind around the Geoje beach at the time the buoy and floating debris were flown into northeast coast and there was common sea surface currents which was flowing into the coast.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.5011-5017
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• 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. There have been several studies indicating that risk is associated with geographic location and that the incidence of cervical cancer has changed over time. In Thailand, incidence rates have also been found to be different in each region. Methods: Participants were women living or having lived in upper Northern Thailand and subjected to cervical screening at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital between January 2010 and December 2014. Generalized additive models with Loess smooth curve fitting were applied to estimate the risk of cervical cancer. For the spatial analysis, Google Maps were employed to find the geographical locations of the participants' addresses. The Quantum Geographic Information System was used to make a map of cervical cancer risk. Two univariate smooths: x equal to the residency duration was used in the temporal analysis of residency duration, and x equal to the calendar year that participants moved to upper Northern Thailand or birth year for participants already living there, were used in the temporal analysis of the earliest year. The spatial-temporal analysis was conducted in the same way as the spatial analysis except that the data were split into overlapping calendar years. Results: In the spatial analysis, the risk of cervical cancer was shown to be highest in the Eastern sector of upper Northern Thailand (p-value <0.001). In the temporal analysis of residency duration, the risk was shown to be steadily increasing (p-value =0.008), and in the temporal analysis of the earliest year, the risk was observed to be steadily decreasing (p-value=0.016). In the spatial-temporal analysis, the risk was stably higher in Chiang Rai and Nan provinces compared to Chiang Mai province. According to the display movement over time, the odds of developing cervical cancer declined in all provinces. Conclusions: The risk of cervical cancer has decreased over time but, in some areas, there is a higher risk than in the major province of Chiang Mai. Therefore, we should promote cervical cancer screening coverage in all areas, especially where access is difficult and/or to women of lower socioeconomic status.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.44-53
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• 2016

The era of Big Data has come and the importance of Big Data has been rapidly growing. The part of transportation, the Four-Step Travel Demand Model(FSTDM), a traditional Trip-Based Model(TBM) reaches its limit. In recent years, a traffic demand forecasting method using the Activity-Based Model(ABM) emerged as a new paradigm. Given that transportation means the spatial movement of people and goods in a certain period of time, transportation could be very closely associated with spatial data. So, I mined Spatial Big Data from SNS. After that, I analyzed the character of these data from SNS and test the reliability of the data through compared with the attributes of TBM. Finally, I built a database from SNS for the operation of ABM and manipulate an ABM simulator, then I consider the result. Through this research, I was successfully able to create a spatial database from SNS and I found possibilities to overcome technical limitations on using Spatial Big Data in the transportation planning process. Moreover, it was an opportunity to seek ways of further research development.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.461-468
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the abilities of 6th grade students to assess the relationship between spatial capability, concept of celestial motion, and science process skills, which can help find a better teaching strategy for students in understanding the concept of celestial motion. The results are as follows. First, in terms of level of accomplishment of these three skills, male students show higher level of accomplishment than female students, but significant differences are found. Second, according to the analysis of the effect of spatial capability and concept of the movement of heavenly bodies, the former has a stronger influence on the students' cognition of celestial motion. Minor elements of spatial capability that influence the conception of celestial motion are device analogy, calculation of wood cut, and revolving light. Third, spatial capability is very influential on the level of accomplishment in science process skills. Among the minor elements of spatial capability that is influential to science process skills, calculation of wood cut is the highest, especially when various elements are interactively related to each other.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2021

This study attempted to conduct the study from a macro perspective more specifically through the temporal and spatial analysis of Minbuk villages according to a change in a Civilian Control Line, such as a social and spatial distribution and a change of the existing Minbuk villages. To this end, this study conducted the spatial analysis for the change in the Minbuk villages according to the adjustment of the Civilian Control Line in time series by using a map of the Armistice Agreement Vol. 2, Google Earth, a digital cadastral map, an administrative district map, and the like are used as spatial data, and summarizing and constructing, as attribute data, a statistical yearbook, Ministry of Defense and Cheorwon-Gun notification data, a Land Use Regulation Information System, and cadastral map attribute information. After the enactment of the Military Facility Protection Act, the analysis was performed on a 20-year basis based on the 1976 statistical yearbook of which the Civilian Control Line was drawn. As a result, the total area of the Civilian Control Zone in Cheorwon from 1975 to 2015 decreased by 105.8 km², and 9 of 14 Minbuk villages were released and only 6 villages existed. The unoccupied villages were analyzed as 14 villages, 10 fewer than the existing surveyed or statistical villages. The movement of the Civilian Control Line to the north may disappear the unique characteristics of the Minbuk villages but should be done carefully as it is closely related to the lives of the current residents, and policies should be established in terms of sustainable development and conservation of the villages. This study is significant in conducting the temporal and spatial analysis, which is the basis of the Minbuk regions and the Minbuk villages, and may be used as basic data necessary for subsequent analysis study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2011

A study on the occurrence and movement of marine debris is required for protecting the marine environment and ecosystem from marine pollution. The aim of this study is to show annual production and movement characteristics through analysis for the flow path, composition and the sources of marine debris. This study analyzed the distribution and characteristics of marine debris collected in the region of $100\;m{\times}20\;m$($=2,000\;m^2$) at the Daekwang Beach in the Yellow Sea. During the collection period from 2008 to 2010, the total weight of the marine debris was 1,445 kg in this site. The most marine debris was plastic amounting to 46.5% of the whole collection; the rest were styrofoam(20%) and wooden material(12.6%). The amount of marine debris mused from foreign country observed 155.5 kg, more than 90% of them was plastic came from China such as buoys. Additionally, this study analyzed seasonal change if marine environment to understand occurrence amount change if marine debris. 2009 and 2010 was high occurrence ratio in season that the north wind is very strong and the occurrence rate appeared highest by 40% in the summer(July) of 2008 that appeared westbound tidal current. Overall, marine Debris mused from foreign country was high occurrence ratio in January, May and then November has a lot of quantity secondly. While, occurrence ratio was the highest by 46% summer(July) in 2008, but in 2009 and 2010 showed the lowest rate to 4%.

• Architectural research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 2013

Since Modern Movement flexibility has been one of the most attractive words in architecture. However, "overprovision first, division later" has been the most prevailing design method for spatial flexibility, and many of buildings designed for flexible use are practically quite inflexible due to insufficient building systems or/and irresponsible planning. There have been two dominant strategies to achieve architectural flexibility: multi-functionality and polyvalence. These two approaches, which point contradictory directions, actually reflect the difficulty in providing a proper form of architectural flexibility. Multi-functionality can afford changeable environments with satisfying spatial conditions; however it lacks tolerance to accommodate other uses but intended functions by architects. Meanwhile, flexibility by a polyvalent form relies on the vague anticipation of user's various interpretations. In this study by looking up these two different standpoints and historical precedents flexibility in architecture is carefully scrutinized focused on the contradiction, and as an alternative for architectural flexibility contextual relations is proposed. Unlike both multi-functionality and polyvalence, which produce flexibility by changing its own properties, manipulating contextual relations infuses flexibility into space by changing the properties of a building, not of its individual room. By using this contextual relations method, a community-centered school in Manhattan, NY, which was in danger of being closed because of its academic failure, is represented as a flexible space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.319-333
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• 2018

As human beings spend more time indoors, and with the growing complexity of indoor spaces, more focus is given to indoor spatial applications and services. 3D topological networks are used for various spatial applications that involve navigation indoors such as emergency evacuation, indoor positioning, and visualization. Manually generating indoor network data is impractical and prone to errors, yet current methods in automation need expensive sensors or datasets that are difficult and expensive to obtain and process. In this research, a methodology for semi-automatically generating a 3D indoor topological model based on IndoorGML (Indoor Geographic Markup Language) is proposed. The concept of Shooting Point is defined to accommodate the usage of omnidirectional images in generating IndoorGML data. Omnidirectional images were captured at selected Shooting Points in the building using a fisheye camera lens and rotator and indoor spaces are then identified using image processing implemented in Python. Relative positions of spaces obtained from CAD (Computer-Assisted Drawing) were used to generate 3D node-relation graphs representing adjacency, connectivity, and accessibility in the study area. Subspacing is performed to more accurately depict large indoor spaces and actual pedestrian movement. Since the images provide very realistic visualization, the topological relationships were used to link them to produce an indoor virtual tour.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.368-373
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• 2018

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has an essential role in the process of learning and memory in the hippocampus. It has been reported that linalool, a major component of Lavandula angustifolia, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, along with other effects. However, the effect of linalool on the cognitive impairment and behavioral alterations that are induced by REM-sleep deprivation has not yet been elucidated. Several studies have reported that REM-sleep deprivation-induced memory deficits provide a well-known model of behavioral alterations. In the present study, we examined whether linalool elicited an anti-stress effect, reversing the behavioral alterations observed following REM-sleep deprivation in mice. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechanism of the effect of linalool. Spatial memory and learning memory were assessed through Y maze and passive avoidance tests, respectively, and the forced swimming test was used to evaluate anti-stress activity. The mechanisms through which linalool improves memory loss and behavioral alterations in sleep-deprived mice appeared to be through an increase in the serotonin levels. Linalool significantly ameliorated the spatial and learning memory deficits, and stress activity observed in sleep-deprived animals. Moreover, linalool led to serotonin release, and cortisol level reduction. Our findings suggest that linalool has beneficial effects on the memory loss and behavioral alterations induced by REM-sleep deprivation through the regulation of serotonin levels.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.102-110
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• 2008

In choreography, the relationship between body and space is fundamental. Not only in the performing arts, it is an essential part in space design as well. In this sense, the comparison study between performing arts and space design will have various helpful aspects from which a creative design can be derived. This thesis aims to study spatial characteristics and expression methods in the choreography of performing arts that is dance in this case. The general background study of the relationship between body movement and space design in the modem art and architecture was explained in advance. And then its application in choreography was studied. Two case choreographers were selected: Merce Cunningham and Frederic Flamand. They have unique ways of designing and choreographing the relationship between body movements and stage spaces. This thesis attempts to find the differences as well as common characteristics between the two choreographers in terms of how they relate bodily movements and emotions into the given space.