• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.157-169
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• 2010

In this study, the applicability of SRTM(The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) DEM(Digital Elevation Model) which is one of the remotely sensed shuttle's radar digital elevation was tested for use as the input data in a grid-based rainfall-runoff model. The SRTM DEM and digital topographic map derived DEM(TOPO DEM) were building with 500m spatial resolution for the Chungju-Dam watershed which located in the middle east of South Korea, and stream-burning method was applied to delineate the proper flow direction for model application. Similar topographical characteristics were shown as a result of comparing elevation, flow-direction, hydrological slope, number of watershed cell, and profile between SRTM DEM and TOPO DEM. Two DEMs were tested by using a grid-based rainfall-runoff model named KIMSTORM with 6 storm events. The results also showed no significant differences in average values of relative error for both peak runoff(0.91 %) and total runoff volume(0.29 %). The results showed that the SRTM DEM has applicability like TOPO DEM for use in a grid-based rainfall-runoff modeling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 1999

Many ITS services require map databases in digital form to meet desired needs. Due to the dynamic nature of ITS and the sheer diversity of applications, the design and development of spatial databases to meet those needs pose a major challenge to both the public and private sectors. This challenge is further complicated by the necessity to transfer locationally referenced information between different kinds of databases and spatial data handling systems so that ITS products will work seamlessly across the region and nation. The Purpose of this paper is to develop the framework-models commonly to reference locations in the various applications and systems-the ITS Map Datum and LRS(Location Referencing System). The ITS Map Datum consists of the around control points which are the prime intersections (nodes) of the nationwide road network In this study, the major points have been determined along wish link-node modeling procedure. LRS, defined as a system for determining the position (location) of an entity relative to other entities or to some external frame of reference, has also been set up using CSOM type method. The method has been implemented using ArcView GIS software over the Kangnam and Seocho districts in the city of Seoul, showing that the implemented LRS scheme can be used successfully elsewhere. With the proper advent of the K.ITS architecture and services, the procedure can be used to improve the data sharing and to inter operate among systems, enhancing the efficiency both in terms of money and time.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2010

In this study, a comprehensive exploration and evaluation of washland candidate locations by means of field monitoring as well as spatial analysis in six major river system (Han, Nakdong, Nam, Geum, Youngsan, and Seomjin Rivers). Washland(in other words, river detention basin) is an artificial wetland system which is connected to streams or rivers likely to riverine wetlands. Major purpose of washland creation is to control floodings, water supply and purification, providence of eco-cultural space to human and natural populations. Characteristics and functions of riverine wetlands can be expected as well, thus it is believed to be an efficient multi-purpose water body that is artificially created, in terms of hydrology and ecology. Geographical information and field monitoring results for the washland candidate locations were evaluated in 2009, with respect to optimal location exploration, ecosystem connectivity and educational-cultural circumstances. A total of $269\;km^2$ washland candidate locations were found from spatial analysis (main channel of Rivers South Han, 71.5; Nakdong 54.1; Nam, 2.3; Geum, 79.0; Youngsan 46.4; Seomjin 15.7), and they tended to be distributed in mid- to lower part of the rivers to which tributaries are confluent. Field monitoring at 106 sites revealed that some sites located in the Rivers Nam and Geum is appropriate for restoration or artificial creation as riverine wetlands. Several sites in the Nakdong and Seomjin Rivers were close to riverine wetlands (e.g., Upo), habitats of endangered species (e.g., otters), or adjacent to educational facility (e.g., museums) or cultural heritages (e.g., temples). Those sites can be utilized in hydrological, ecological, educational, and cultural ways when evidence of detailed hydrological evaluation is provided. In conclusion, determination of washland locations in the major river basins has to consider habitat expansion as well as hydrological function (i.e. flood control) basically, and further utility (e.g. educational function) will increase the values of washland establishment.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2003

Although the reuse of the cached data for scrolling the map reduces the amount of passed data between client and server, it needs the conversions of data coordinates, selective deletion of objects, cache compaction and object structuring step in the clients. The conversion is a time- intensive operation due to limited resources of mobile phones such as low computing power, small memory. Therefore, in order to control the map efficiently in the vector map service based mobile phones, it is necessary to study the methods which reuse cached objects for reducing wireless network bandwidth and overwhelming the limited resources of mobile phones as well. This paper proposes the methods of reusing pre-received spatial objects for map control in the mobile vector map service system based on client-server architecture. The experiments conducted on the Web GIS systems with real data show that the proposed method is appropriate to map services for mobile phone. We also analyze the advantages and drawbacks between the reuse of cached data and transmission of raw data respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.197-210
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• 2018

In order to clarify spatial meaning of Meridian and Collateral theory(經絡學說) within the human body. Meridian Divergence(經別) was studied mainly on "Miraculous Pivot(靈樞) - Meridian Divergence section(經別篇)". Furthermore, the meaning of Meridian Divergence(經別) was investigated based on Symbolic Mathematical Study(象數學). Firstly, Meridian divergence(經別) is associated with brain and Viscera and Bowels(臟腑) which are located in the Central Palace(中宮, Zhong Gong). It draws that Meridian Divergence(經別) is a theory based on Nine Palace(九宮, Jiugong), the spatial theory of Symbolic Mathematical Study(象數學). In this system, Viscera and Bowels(臟腑) were included in Meridian and Collateral(經絡). Secondly, the Central Palace(中宮, Zhong Gong) imparts functionality to Nine Palace(九宮, Jiu Gong). Therefore, brain and Viscera and Bowels(臟腑) in Central Palace(中宮, Zhong Gong) supply Qi and Blood(氣血) to whole Meridian and Collateral(經絡) and also control each Meridian and Collateral(經絡) through Twelve Meridian Divergences(十二經別). Meridian and Collateral Theory(經絡學說) is the theory of Body space. The basic theory of Twelve Meridian Vessels(十二經脈), Three Yin and Three Yang(三陰三陽) signifies six areas of human body space. And Fifteen Collateral Vessels(十五絡脈) connect the six areas of the Twelve Meridian Vessles(十二經脈) through Six Harmonies(六合, liu He). In addition, Meridian Divergence(經別) is also based on Nine Palace(九宮, Jiu Gong). Thus, Meridian and Collateral(經絡) classifies and organically integrates the human body space that is filled with Qi and Blood(氣血) by applying the theories of Symbolic Mathematical Study(象數學). Recently presented Morphogenetic field hypothesis resembles Meridian and Collateral theory(經絡學說). However Meridian and Collateral theory(經絡學說) is considered to be the substantive concept that has relation to treatments based on Meridian points(經穴) which contain the spatial information of Meridian and Collateral theory(經絡學說).

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.256-267
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• 2024

We have developed FBcastS (Fire Blight Forecasting System), a cloud-based information system that leverages the K-Maryblyt forecasting model. The FBcastS provides an optimal timing for spraying antibiotics to prevent flower infection caused by Erwinia amylovora and forecasts the onset of disease symptoms to assist in scheduling field scouting activities. FBcastS comprises four discrete subsystems tailored to specific functionalities: meteorological data acquisition and processing, execution of the K-Maryblyt model, distribution of web-based information, and dissemination of spray timing notifications. The meteorological data acquisition subsystem gathers both observed and forecasted weather data from 1,583 sites across South Korea, including 761 apple or pear orchards where automated weather stations are installed for fire blight forecast. This subsystem also performs post-processing tasks such as quality control and data conversion. The model execution subsystem operates the K-Maryblyt model and stores its results in a database. The web-based service subsystem offers an array of internet-based services, including weather monitoring, mobile services for forecasting fire blight infection and symptoms, and nationwide fire blight monitoring. The final subsystem issues timely notifications of fire blight spray timing alert to growers based on forecasts from the K-Maryblyt model, blossom status, pesticide types, and field conditions, following guidelines set by the Rural Development Administration. FBcastS epitomizes a smart agriculture internet of things (IoT) by utilizing densely collected data with a spatial resolution of approximately 4.25 km to improve the accuracy of fire blight forecasts. The system's internet-based services ensure high accessibility and utility, making it a vital tool in data-driven smart agricultural practices.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1675-1685
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• 2012

DVC (Distributed Video Coding) technique plays an essential role in providing low-complexity video encoder. But, in order to achieve the better rate-distortion performances, most DVC systems need feedback channel for parity bit control. This causes the DVC-based system to have high decoding latency and becomes as one of the most critical problems to overcome for a real implementation. In order to overcome this problem and to accelerate the commercialization of the DVC applications, this paper analyzes an effect of LDPCA frame size for adaptive LDPCA frame-based parity bit request estimations. First, this paper presents the LDPCA segmentation method in pixel-domain and explains the temporal-based bit request estimation method and the spatial-based bit request estimation method using the statistical characteristics between adjacent LDPCA frames. Through computer simulations, it is shown that the better performance and fast decoding is observed specially when the LDPCA frame size is 3168 in QCIF resolution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.527-531
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• 2003

Previous researches on scalability problem of distributed virtual environment (DVE) have been mainly focused on spatial partitioning of area of interest (AOI). Congestion phenomena by avatar groups in AOI have been neglected relatively. However, AOI congestion is highly related to scalability of DVT because it exhausts system resources such as network bandwidth and rendering time, and could be a bar to perform collaboration among participants. In this paper, this will be defined as the problem that must be solved for the realization of the scalable DVE, and a model will be proposed to measure and control congestion situation in AOI. The purposes of the proposed model are to prevent high density of participants in AOI, and to protect stable collaboration in DVE. For evaluation of the performance it is compared with a previous method by defining the resource cost model which is dynamically activated to AOI congestion.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2010

To ensure accurate measurements of wireless network performance, it should be collected real-time data which are transmitted between a large number of nodes in the actual network environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simulation tool for finding optimal network system design method such as media access control, routing technique, ad-hoc algorithm of node deployment while overcoming spatial and temporal constraints. Our research attempts to provide an improved architecture and design method of simulation tool for wireless network is an application of multi-threading technique in these issues. We finally show that usability of the proposed simulator by comparing results derived from same test environment in the wireless LAN model of our simulator and widely used network simulation package, NS-2.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

In this study, the orbit-based sensor modeling is applied to the digital plotting and the accuracy of digital plotting is analyzed. The KOMPSAT-2 satellite image with orbit-attitude model is used for the analysis. The precise sensor modeling with various combination of parameters is performed for the stereo satellite image. In addition, we analyze the error range of ground control points by applying the result of stereo modeling to digital survey system. According to the result, it is possible to produce digital map using stereo image with a small number of GCPs when the orbit-based sensor modeling for KOMPSAT-2 is applied. This means that it is suitable for the generation of digital map on a scale of 1/5,000 to 1/25,000 considering the resolution of KOMPSAT-2 image.