• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2016

One of the key problems in the design of high-rise commercial complex is how to guide reasonable pedestrian distribution in commercial space. In this study, pedestrian distribution in three high-rise commercial complexes in Shanghai and Hong Kong was studied using spatial configuration analysis software Space Syntax and quantification of physical elements in commercial spaces, such as functional attractiveness, entrances, escalators, level variations and passage width. Additionally, in an attempt to integrate functions with spatial integration and spatial depth, two combination variables, the spatial coefficient of function (IF) and spatial depth coefficient of function (F/D), were proposed. The results of the correlation analysis and multiple regression analyses reflected the following: (1) Regarding the influence on pedestrian distribution, there was a synergistic and complementary relationship between function and space; (2) The comprehensive flow distribution analytic model could successfully interpret flow distribution in high-rise commercial complexes and its R Square ranged up to about 70% in the three cases; (3) The spatial coefficient of function (IF) and spatial depth coefficient (F/D) could effectively integrate functions and spatial configuration, which could help close the gap between over-emphasis on function in commercial research and the lack of consideration of function in space-syntax analysis.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2017

One of good DF(Direction Finding) methods is based on TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival) estimation when finding underwater moving target. For small DF error, high time resolution A/D(Analog-to-digital) conversion board and long baseline are needed. But the result of sea trial about close-range and high speed moving target, spatial correlation coefficient and appeared poor properties below 0.3 when hydrophone arrangement are separated over 6 ${\lambda}$ because of underwater fading channel. And we also find out that the distance between hydrophone should be under 4 ${\lambda}$ apart to take advantage of spatial correlation coefficient gain and performance of DF in underwater moving channel environments.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2022

본 논문은 문서의 보안과 손실 및 오염에 대하여 복원능력을 향상시키는 방안을 제안한다. 이를 위해서 암호화로 DnCNN(DeNoise Convolution Neural Network)을 제시한다. 암호화 방법을 구현하기 위하여 2D이미지정보를 광학에 사용되는 공간주파수 전달함수(Spatial Frequency Transfer Function)의 수학적 모델을 적용한다. 공간 주파수 전달함수를 사용하여 광학적 간섭 패턴을 암호화로 사용하고 공간 주파수 전달함수의 수학적 변수를 복호화하는 암호로 사용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 또한, 딥러닝을 적용한 DnCNN 방법을 적용하여 노이즈 제거하여 복원 성능을 개선한다. 실험결과, 65%의 정보 손실이 있는 경우에도 Pre-Training DnCNN Deep Learning을 적용한 결과 공간 주파수 전달함수만을 활용한 복원 결과 와 비교하여 PSNR(Peak Signal-to-noise ratio)을 11% 이상 우수한 성능을 확인할 수 있다. 또한, CC(Correlation Coefficient)의 특성도 16% 이상 우수한 결과를 보이고 있다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to propose and verify a spatial network construction method that integrated roads and subway lines to improve the predictability of the urban spatial analysis model. The existing axial map for urban spatial analysis did not reflect the subway line that serves as an important moving space in modern cities. To improve this axial map, proposed a Ground-Underground Spatial Network by integrating the underground spatial network with the axial map. As a result of the integration analysis, the Ground-Underground Spatial Network(GUSN) were similar to the movement frequency. Correlation of GUSN was 0.723, which showed higher explanatory power than correlation coefficient of 0.575 in axial map. The result of this study is expected to be a theoretical basis for constructing spatial network in urban space analysis with subway.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.769-780
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• 2017

Cable force monitoring is an essential and critical part of the safety evaluation of cable-supported bridges. A reasonable cable force monitoring scheme, particularly, sensor placement related to accurate safety assessment and budget cost-saving becomes a major concern of bridge administrative authorities. This paper presents optimal sensor placement for cable force monitoring by selecting representative sensor positions, which consider the spatial correlativeness existing in the cable group. The limited sensors would be utilized for maximizing useful information from the monitored bridges. The maximum information coefficient (MIC), mutual information (MI) based kernel density estimation, as well as Pearson coefficients, were all employed to detect potential spatial correlation in the cable group. Compared with the Pearson coefficient and MIC, the mutual information is more suitable for identifying the association existing in cable group and thus, is selected to describe the spatial relevance in this study. Then, the bond energy algorithm, which collects clusters based on the relationship of surrounding elements, is used for the optimal placement of cable sensors. Several optimal placement strategies are discussed with different correlation thresholds for the cable group of Nanjing No.3 Yangtze River Bridge, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 1997

수치사진측량에서 공액점을 자동으로 결정하기 위한 영상정합은 가장 핵심적인 주제이며 이를 자동화하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행 중이다 본 연구에서는 영역기반 영상정합에서 영상정합의 정확도를 제어하기 위한 허용상관계수의 설정이 수치사진측량의 정확도에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 영상상관계수 정합법, 영상피라미드 정합법, 특징점 추출에 의한 정합법을 각각 구현하고 각 방법에서 허용상관계수가 수치사진측량의 정확도에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였고 최적 허용상관계수를 결정하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.491-515
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• 2013

Wind pressure characteristics on a double tower high-rise structure, which is disturbed by surrounding buildings, were investigated using large eddy simulation (LES) and 1:300 scale wind tunnel experiments. The computational simulation technique and wind tunnel experimental technique were described in detail initially. Comparisons of computational results with the experimental data have subsequently been carried out to validate the reliability of LES. Comparisons have been performed in detail for the mean and fluctuating pressure coefficients. Detailed explanations of each comparison were given in the paper. To study further on the pressure coefficients on the building surfaces, parametric studies on shape coefficient and spatial correlation were performed and investigated. The numerical and experimental results presented in this paper advance understanding on wind field around buildings and the application of LES and wind tunnel tests.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.637-647
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• 2019

Separating highly correlated users can reduce the loss caused by spatial correlation (SC) in multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems. However, few accurate analyses of the loss caused by SC have been conducted. In this study, we define signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) loss to characterize it in multiuser multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) systems, and use coefficient of correlation (CoC) to describe the SC between users. A formula is deduced to show the accurate relation between SINR loss and CoC. Based on this relation, we propose a user selection method that utilizes CoC to minimize the average SINR loss of users in massive MU-MISO systems. Simulation results verify the correctness of the relation and show that the proposed user selection method is very effective at reducing the loss caused by SC in massive MU-MISO systems.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.61-85
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 국내 대형할인점의 확산을 효과적으로 설명하기 위해 기업의 정보와 구매자의 구전으로 확산을 설명하는 Bass모형에 제3의 요소로 공간적 영향력을 고려하였다. 국내 대형할인점의 확산은 확산중심지인 서울경인지역에서 저차중심지인 4개 지역권역으로 확산되는 형태를 보임에 따라 공간적 영향이 중요하게 작용할 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구에서 공간적으로 구분된 시장 A(확산중심지)가 시장 B(저차중심지)에 미치는 영향이 완전히 통제되지 못하는 상황에서 시장 A가 시장 B에 미치는 공간적 영향을 다국가확산모형(multinational diffusion model)을 확장한 공간확산모형(spatial diffusion model)을 이용하여 정의하였다. Bass모형과 공간확산모형의 모수추정을 통해 두 가지 정보전달경로와 관련된 혁신계수와 모방계수로 확산을 설명하는 Bass모형보다 공간확산모형이 국내 대형할인점 확산을 더욱 효과적으로 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 혁신중심지인 서울경인과 4개 지역권역의 소매환경을 나타내는 개념적 거리에 따라 공간확산모형에서 공간적요인의 영향력이 달라질 것이 기대되어 공간확산계수와 소매환경변수간의 상관관계를 살펴보았고, 연구결과 확산중심지에서 저차중심지에 대한 공간적 영향력은 저차중심지의 소매환경이 확산중심지의 소매환경과 유사할수록 크다는 것을 밝혀내었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.545-557
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to estimate the trends of each pollutant using the air pollution monitoring networks data from January 2005 to December 2008 in Daegu area. Also, the spatial characteristics of each pollutant were determined using the Pearson correlation coefficients and COD (coefficients of divergence). In this study, the trends of hourly, monthly, seasonal, and total average concentrations of each pollutant for the 10 sites were analyzed. The Ihyeon site showed highest concentration for the $SO_2$, $NO_2$, and PM10}. In the case of $O_3$, the Jisan site showed highest concentration among the other sites. Also, industrial area presented highest concentration for the $SO_2$, CO, and PM10. On the other hand, $NO_2$ showed highest in commercial area. The IDW (inverse distance weighting) method was used to estimate characteristics of spatial distribution. The results provide identify spatial distribution for each pollutant. Also, the Pearson correlation coefficients and COD values provide spatial variability among the monitoring sites. The COD of each pollutant showed very low values for all of the sites pairs. On the other hand, the Pearson correlation coefficients showed high values for all of the sites pairs. Finally, analysis of spatial variability can be used to characterize the spatial uniformity and similarity of concentrations from each pollutant.