• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.636-646
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• 2007

Adequate postural control depends on the spatial and temporal integration of vestibular, visual, and somatosensory information. Especially, the musculoskeletal function is essential to maintain the postural control. The experimental studies was performed on the muscular activities in the lower extremities during maintaining and moving exercises on an unstable platform with Magneto Rheological(MR) dampers. The unstable platform of the developed system was controlled by electric currents to the MR dampers. A subject executed the maintaining and moving exercises which are presented through the display monitor. The electromyographies of the eight muscles in lower extremities were recorded and analyzed in the time and the frequency domain: the muscles of interest were rectus femoris(RF), biceps femoris(BF), tensor fasciae latae(TFL), vastus lateralis(VL), vastus medialis(VM), gastrocnemius(Ga), tibialis anterior(TA), Soleus(So). The experimental results showed that the muscular activities differed in the four moving exercises and the nine maintaining exercises. For the anterior-posterior pattern, the TA showed highest activities; for the left-right pattern, the TFL; for the 45, $-45^{\circ}$ pattern, the TFL and TA. Also, the rate of the increase in the muscular activities were affected by the condition of the unstable platform with MR dampers for the maintaining and moving exercises. The experimental results suggest that the choice of different maintaining and moving exercises could selectively train different muscles in various intensity. Futhermore, the findings suggested that the training using this system can improve the ability of postural control.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.227-256
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• 2016

This study was carried out for the university library to find out a strategy to stand tall as an institution to lead the university, by reflecting the university environment having with drastic environmental changes and reflecting the evolution of information technology. As a result, first, university librarians responded that big issues related to the university library is the University Library Promotion Act, University Library evaluation and assessment indicators, the value of university libraries at the university, and changing spatial composition and functions of the university library. Second, university librarians responded that changes of the university environment, government policy on universities, various national projects, and various university reform policy significantly affect to the university library. Third, about what you think would be helpful to the crisis in their universities as changing role of the library, they responded that they can contribute in terms of improving students' information and technology literacy, improving students' reading skills, improving research capacity, and improve students' learning ability. Fourth, they responded that services that users demand the highest in the university library will be expansion of e-books and information resource.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.839-849
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• 2003

Drought is one of the major environmental disasters. Weather data, particularity rainfall, are currently the primary source of information widely used for drought monitoring. However, weather data are often from a very sparse meteorological network, incomplete and/or not always available in good time to enable relatively accurate and timely drought detection. Data from remote sensing platforms can be used to complements weather data in drought. Therefore, data obtained from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR) sensor on board the NOAA polar-orbiting satellites have been studied as a tool for drought monitoring. The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)-based vegetation condition index(VCI) were used in this study These indices showed their excellent ability to detect vegetation stress due to drought. The results clearly show that temporal and spatial characteristics of drought in Korea can be detected and mapped by the VCI index.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.252-255
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• 2011

Growing demand for smart phones and data communication diminishes the constraints of Twitter and Facebook than a smartphone has become a subject of interest. On the other hand facebook users in their relationships to obtain the consent of the other, twitter is a relatively simple procedure for the information ripple effect is excellent. Twitter is beyond a simple social networking services(SNS) located in one of the popular media and powerful have the upper retweet. Retweet to the top of his sympathy with the ability th send tweets to their subscriber information can spread quickly. In this paper, we propose the smart retweet that system actively extend the existing retweet. In order to realize the smart retweet and additional criteria for determining the destination of the information is required. Based on tweet generated regional or an local information mentioned to tweet, to determine the destination. Smart retweet of the speed and scope of information transmission through the scale is expected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.1100-1109
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• 2006

In this study, two different technologies which can measure temperature simultaneously at many points are introduced. One is to use a thermal sensor cable that is comprised of addressable thermal sensors connected in parallel within a single cable. The other is to use an optic fiber with Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) system. The difference between two technologies can be summarized as follows. A thermal sensor cable has a concept of 'point sensing' that can measure temperature at accurate position of a thermal sensor. So the accuracy and resolution of temperature measurement are up to the ability of the thermal sensor. Whereas optic fiber sensor has a concept of 'distributed sensing' because temperature is measured by ratio of Stokes and anti-Stokes component intensities of Raman backscatter that is generated when laser pulse travels along an optic fiber. It's resolution is determined by measuring distance, measuring time and spatial resolution. The purpose of this study is that application targets of two temperature measurement techniques are checked in technical and economical phases by examining the strength and weakness of them. Considering the functions and characteristics of two techniques, the thermal sensor cable will be suitable to apply to the assessment of groundwater flow, geothermal distribution and grouting efficiency within 300m distance. It is expected that the optic fiber sensor can be widely utilized at various fields (for example: pipe line inspection, tunnel fire detection, power line monitoring etc.) which need an information of temperature distribution over relatively long distance.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

This study estimates and evaluates the daily January temperature from 2003 to 2012 with 30 m-resolution over South Korea, using a modified Parameter-elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model (K-PRISM). Several factors in K-PRISM are also adjusted to 30 m grid spacing and daily time scales. The performance of K-PRISM is validated in terms of bias, root mean square error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient (Corr), and is then compared with that of inverse distance weighting (IDW) and hypsometric methods (HYPS). In estimating the temperature over Jeju island, K-PRISM has the lowest bias (-0.85) and RMSE (1.22), and the highest Corr (0.79) among the three methods. It captures the daily variation of observation, but tends to underestimate due to a high-discrepancy in mean altitudes between the observation stations and grid points of the 30 m topography. The temperature over South Korea derived from K-PRISM represents a detailed spatial pattern of the observed temperature, but generally tends to underestimate with a mean bias of -0.45. In bias terms, the estimation ability of K-PRISM differs between grid points, implying that care should be taken when dealing with poor skill area. The study results demonstrate that K-PRISM can reasonably estimate 30 m-resolution temperature over South Korea, and reflect topographically diverse signals with detailed structure features.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.73-86
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• 2004

This paper presents a hybrid digital watermarking scheme for color images, We insert two watermarks in the DWT domain using spread-spectrum correlation-based watermarking in luminance component of the color image and in spatial domain using pixel-value substitution of blue channel of color image. The objectives of this paper are to have the watermark robust to common signal processing and to detect any changes on the watermarked image for tamper detection at the same time. This watermark scheme will have the robustness characteristic as typical in frequency domain watermark, and also ability to detect any changes on the image (tamper detection).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2013

Alzheimer's disease (AD), most common form of dementia is characterized that memory deficit and loss of cognitive function. The Codonopsis lanceolata (C.lanceolata) was treated by high hydrostatic pressure process and fermentation. This study was evaluated cognitive enhancing effect C.lanceolata extract by high hydrostatic pressure process and fermentation and compared with common C.lanceolata extract using Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. And their neuroprotective effect on glutamate induced oxidative stress in HT22 cell was investigated by MTT assay. High hydrostatic pressure process and fermented C.lanceolata extract (HFCE) and common C.lanceolata extract (CCE) (100 and 300 mg/kg) were administered to mice. Results showed HFCE enhanced cognitive function than CCE as shown by decrease in escape latency time. HFCE increased the latency time of the passive avoidance test compared to CCE. Furthermore, HFCE showed significant neuroprotective effect against glutamate cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. These results indicate that high hydrostatic pressure process and fermented more improve spatial cognitive ability of C. laanceolata.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.92-103
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• 2003

Research and technological advances in the field of remote sensing have greatly enhanced the ability to detect and quantify physical and biological stresses that affect the productivity of agricultural crops. Reflectance in specific visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have proved useful in detection of nutrient deficiencies. Especially crop canopy sensors as a ground remote sensing measure the amount of light reflected from nearby surfaces such as leaf tissue or soil and is in contrast to aircraft or satellite platforms that generate photographs or various types of digital images. Multi-spectral vegetation indices derived from crop canopy reflectance in relatively wide wave band can be used to monitor the growth response of plants in relation to environmental factors. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), where NDVI = (NIR-Red)/(NIR+Red), was originally proposed as a means of estimating green biomass. The basis of this relationship is the strong absorption (low reflectance) of red light by chlorophyll and low absorption (high reflectance and transmittance) in the near infrared (NIR) by green leaves. Thereafter many researchers have proposed the other indices for assessing crop vegetation due to confounding soil background effects in the measurement. The green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI), where the green band is substituted for the red band in the NDVI equation, was proved to be more useful for assessing canopy variation in green crop biomass related to nitrogen fertility in soils. Consequently ground remote sensing as a non destructive real-time assessment of nitrogen status in plant was thought to be useful tool for site specific crop nitrogen management providing both spatial and temporal information.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.74
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• pp.72-108
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• 2015

The more mobile technology evolves, the more users are trapped in mobile technology by being encouraging the replacement with state-of-the-art technology. However, the use of device is not entirely determined by technology's attributes itself. The meaning of smartness can be varied by 'how users accept and perceive immediate spatial perception from reality to mobile space' without recognizing the boundaries between them. This study focuses on the analysis of 'smart usage' for smartphone and this is verified the concept of 'smart usage' by the second-order measurement model. The result show that the concept organization of 'smart usage' had been differentiated and elicited by the six factors - 'multifunctional use readiness', 'administrative efficiency', 'embedded media', 'device connectivity', 'user-friendly optimization', and 'external connectivity(being connected). According to the conceptual factors, 'smart usage' can be explained in an individual's autonomous ability to control a mobile interface and to utilize a wide range of applications of smartphones.