• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1507-1514
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• 2008

Cholesterol oxidase catalyses the conversion of cholesterol to 4-cholesten-3-one. This enzyme has been used for clinical assay of human serum cholesterol and for reduction of cholesterol level in foods and feeds. In order to search the microorganism which has a high extracellular and stable activity of cholesterol oxidase, soil microorganisms were screened. As a result, the one with the highest extracellular cholesterol oxidase activity was obtained and named as the BEN 115. The BEN 115 strain was identified as one of the Nocardia species based on our taxonomic studies. The cholesterol oxidase from this strain was shown to have two bands of extracellular proteins on SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Their molecular masses were estimated to be about 55 and 57 kDa, respectively. In addition, this cholesterol oxidase was considerably stable at the broad range of pH $3.5{\sim}9.5$ and at the temperature of $25{\sim}55^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH and temperature of this cholesterol oxidase were pH 5.5 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. The activity of extracellular cholesterol oxidase could be enhanced 1.6 to 2.0 folds by the addition of nonionic detergent such as Triton X-114, Triton X-100, or Tween-80 into the culturing broth. The substrate specificities against campesterol, sitosterol and stigmasterol were measured to be 50%, 50%, and 27%, respectively, compared to the cholesterol. These results suggest that Nocardia sp. BEN 115 may be useful as a microbial source of cholesterol oxidase production.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1135-1142
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• 2003

The purification and characteristics of the biosynthesis enzyme of vitamin C from microorganisms related with kimchi fermentation were investigated to define vitamin C biosynthetic pathways in yeast. A yeast strain (Pichia onychis 16-4) which synthesizes vitamin C with galacturonic acid as substrate at high rate was isolated from kimchi. The enzyme $L-galactono-{\gamma}-lactone$ oxidase isolated from the yeast was purified and characterized. The specific activity of the crude enzyme was 7.26 unit/mg protein, which increased to 4,698 unit/mg protein with a chromatography of Sephacryl S-200HR; indicating a 647.1-fold level of purification. The molecular weights of the dissociated enzymes were estimated to be 31,000, 39,000, and 50,000 KD. Among the substrates tested, $L-galactono-{\gamma}-lactone$ was the most effective. The enzyme showed optimum activity ah pH 7.8 and 35c. The purified enzyme uses $O_2$ as the electron acceptor for oxidation of $L-galactono-{\gamma}-lactone$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2001

Matching pursuit algorithm was successfully demonstrated useful in low bit-rate video coding, However, one of the practical concerns related to applying the matching pursuit algorithm to application is its massive computation required for finding bases whose weighted sum best approximates the given input image. The main contribution of this paper is that we provide a new method that can drastically reduce the computational load without any degradation of image quality. Its main idea is based on reducing the number of inner product calculation required for finding best bases because the complexity of matching pursuit algorithm is due to the exhaustive local inner product calculation. As the first step, we compute a matrix which is the 1-D inner product of the given motion-compensated error input image with the 1-D vertical Gabor functions using the separable property of Gabor bases. In the second step, we calculate length of each vector in the matrix that corresponds to 1-D horizontal Gabor function, and compare the length with the current maximum absolute inner product value so far. According to the result of this comparison, one can decide whether or not to calculate the inner product. Since most of them do not need to calculate the inner product value, one can significantly reduce the computational load. Experimental results show that proposed method reduces about 70% of inner product calculation compared to the Neff's fast algorithm without any degradation of image quality.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.469-477
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• 2001

In this Paper. we describe a home health care service using electronic health questionnaires and routine checkup of vital signs Including ECG (Electrocardiography) , blood pressure. and SpO$_2$ (Oxygen Saturation) . This system is for patients at home with chronic diseases, discharged Patients, or any normal people for the Prevention of disease The service requires a home health care terminal and a PC with Interned connection installed at Patient home. The distance health care management center is equipped with a vital-sign and questionnaire interpreter as well as database, Web, and notification servers with UMS (Unified Messaging System). Participating Physician can access the servers at the center using a Web browser running on a PC available to them at any time. These components are linked together through various kinds of data and voice communication channels including PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) . CATV(Community Antenna TV) . Interned. and mobile communication network. Following the Physician's direction given to a Patient. he or she uses the home health care terminal to collect vital signs and fill out the questionnaire. When the terminal automatically transmits these data to the management center. the data interpreter and servers at the center process the information fo1lowing the Protocol implemented on the system. Physicians can retrieve and review data corresponding to their Patients and send back their diagnostic reports to the center. UMS at the center delivers the physician 's recommendation to the corresponding patient through the notification server. Patients can also reprieve and review their own records as well as diagnostic reports from physicians. The system Provides a new way of collecting diagnostic information and delivering doctor's recommendation to patients at home for their health management. Future works are needed in the development of new technology for measurements and interpretations of various vital signs .

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.61-76
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• 2007

Objectives : Accurate and reproducible location of an acupuncture point (AP) have been considered an essential component of meaningful acupuncture research as well as clinical practice. Several kinds of devices have been developed and widely used for the convenience of locating APs. However, the accuracy and convenience of these devices have not been systematically evaluated. The present study was performed to find out the most suitable tools for the location accuracy and location easiness of APs among the devices respectively. Methods : Twenty subjects attempted to locate APs, including PC5 and SP6 in the arm and leg, using four different AP positioning methods: one Conventional Ruler method and three alternative methods including Cunometer, Transparent AP meter, and Elastic Ruler method. The position marked on each AP was plotted onto a thin, flexible, and transparent plastic film, and the dispersion rate of the positions was determined and recorded. The elapsed time for locating each AP was measured. After that each subject was answered to a short questionnaire regarding the degree of convenience and confidence of use of each method for AP location. Results : All of three alternative methods took less time than Conventional Ruler method did. Among these alternative methods, the accuracy of Elastic Ruler method was markedly higher than others. The degree of convenience of the Cunometer and the confidence of Elastic Ruler method were the highest among these alternative methods. Conclusions : The present study indicates that the Elastic Ruler method was the most compatible for the conventional Ruler methods. However, there are many factors need to be reconsidered. Improved devices for locating AP are imperatively needed for clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.413-419
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the renal hemodynamics using color Doppler ultrasonography in dogs with unilateral experimental hydronephrosis treated with transarterial embolization of the renal artery (TAE-RA). Experimental hydronephrosis was induced by ligation of unilateral ureter in 12 dogs. The mean resistive index (RI) value of kidney was significantly increased at 4, 9, 17 days after ligation of ureter. Unilateral hydronephrosis was established in 12 dogs at 17 days after ligation of ureter. Renal artery embolization was performed using selective catheterization in the hydronephrotic kidney of seven dogs and EKG, $SpO_2$body temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate were within normal ranges during procedures. There were no dogs expired after TAE-RA and no side effects associated with regurgitation of iohexol-ethanol solution. In color Doppler ultrasonographic findings, there was no blood flow into the embolized kidneys treated by TAE-RA, however, blood flow signal was found in contralateral normal kidney of dogs treated with TAE-RA compared to that of normal kidney in normal control group. It is concluded that TAE-RA does not affect the hemodynamics of contralateral normal kidney in dogs with experimental hydronephrosis and color Doppler ultrasonography is simple and non-invasive modality for the monitoring of the revascularization of the renal artery after TAE-RA.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.261-270
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• 2016

We analyzed cyanobacterial community including akinete, resting cell, and benthic cyanobacteria in sediment of Bukhan, Namhan-River, Paldang-Lake, and Kyeongan-Stream and compared the physicochemical factors for water and pore water. We also performed cyanobacteria growth potential test through incubating sediment. As a result of physicochemical analysis, the concentrations of nutrients were similar for each depth of Bukhan-River. For Namhan-River and Lake Paldang sites, the concentrations of TP and DTN in bottom and deep water had higher levels. DTN in water body composed of NO3-N(73%) while DTN in pore water composed of NH3-N(77.8%). Benthic cyanobacteria in the sediment such as Oscillatoria tenuis, O. limosa, Phormidium tenue, Pseudanabaena limnetica, and Lyngbya sp. were dominant (between 0.0∼243.3×10³ cells/g, w/w). Cell densities of cyanobacteria in sediment depth of 0∼2 cm in most sites were higher compared to those in other depths. The cell density of cyanobacteria in sediment correlated with pH, conductivity, BOD5, TP, DTP, and chl. a. Increased phytoplankton and organic matters were found to be able to inhibit the growth of benthic cyanobacteria. Results of cyanobacteria growth potential test after incubating sediment revealed that harmful cyanobacteria (Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, and Oscillatoria) appeared at 7 days post culturing. Base on these results, the methods used in this study are considered to be able to determine the appearance of harmful cyanobacteria.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

This paper proposes a novel reduced-reference assessment method for video quality assessment, in which one-dimensional (1-D) histograms of motion vectors (MVs) are used as features of videos. The proposed method is more efficient than the conventional methods in view of computation time, because the proposed quality metric decodes MVs directly from video stream in the parsing process instead of reconstructing the distorted video at the receiver. Moreover, in view of data size, the propose method is efficient because a sender transmits 1-D histograms of MVs accumulated over whole input video sequences. Here, we use 1-D histograms of MVs accumulated over the whole video sequences, which is different from the conventional methods that assessed each image independently. For testing the similarity between histograms, we use histogram intersection and histogram difference methods. We compare the proposed method with the conventional methods for 52 video clips, which are coded under varying bit rate, image size, and frame rate. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more efficient than the conventional methods and that the proposed method is more similar to the mean opinion score (MOS) than conventional algorithms.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.191-201
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study is to arrange the literature about a acupuncture therapy on the knee rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We arrange fifty kinds of literature about a acupuncture therapy of knee joint, knee arthritis, Results : Acupucture point at G30, G34, S36, LI11, B4O, G39, G38, LI4 used frequently for the acupuncture therapy Conclusion : B, G, S, Sp of merdians used frequently for the acupuncture therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1994

Morphological estimation of human spermatozoa is complicated by the fact that there is great natural variation in shape. This natural variation in shapes makes it difficult to say which forms are associated with infertility and which are normal variations. Possibly post coital test or in vitro cervical mucus penetration tests will help to clarify this question by showing which sperm are capable of penetration. The purpose of this investigation was performed to assess distribution of various morphological abnormalities according to the ability of sperm to penetrate cervical mucus. The sperm-mucus penetration using hen's egg white as substituting mucus for human cervical mucus was done in 45 fertile men with normal semen analysis and 122 infertile men with abnormal seminal parameters more than one. The female partners of 122 infertile couples showed normal results in the female fundamental test for fertility. Conventional semen analysis was evaluated according to the WHO standard normal(l980). The detailed classification of the abnormal sperm was made according to David et al(l975). The vitality of the sperm samples determined by eosin yellow-nigrosin stainig according to the method of Eliasson(l977). Results were as follw; 1. The patients had significantly lower total sperm count, motility (%), normal morphology (%), viability and total functional sperm fractions(TFSF) than fertile donors. 2. The mean value of sperm penetration distance of the patients(28.69${\pm}$11.02mm) showed significantly lower than fertile donors(37.33${\pm}$5.49mm). And 43/45 fertile donors(95.5%) as well as 57/122 patients(46.7%) had over 30mm in sperm penetration distance respectively. While 2/45 fertile donors(4.5 %) and 65/122 patient(53.3%) had under 30mm in sperm penetration distance respectively. 3. The morphological abnormalities in fertile donors were significantly lower 23.04${\pm}$5.83% (head = 12.89${\pm}$4.98, neck=6.11${\pm}$3.83%, and tail=3.43${\pm}$2.65%), compared to 36.03${\pm}$14. 40% in patients(head = 15.98 8.60%, neck 11.20${\pm}$6.56% and tail=8.70${\pm}$6.55%). Also, 3 types of sperm abnormalities including head, neck and tail were significantly lower in patient than fertile donors, respectively. Both the patients and fertile donors showed higher distribution of sperm with abnormal head than abnormal neck and tail. 4. The mean morphological abnormalities(SP>30mm) of the patients(30.68 11.64%; head = 15.95${\pm}$9.35%, neck=8.14${\pm}$4.21 %, tail=6.56${\pm}$5.64%) were significantly lower compared to patients(40.72${\pm}$15.01 %; head=16.02${\pm}$7.69%, neck 13.89${\pm}$7.82%, tail=1O.58${\pm}$6.75%) under 30mm in sperm penetration distance. Also, both groups over 30mm and under 30mm in sperm penetration showed distance higher distribution of sperm with abnormal head than abnormal neck and tail. The morphological abnormalities of head did not show significant difference but abnormal neck and tail were significant difference between the over 30mm and under 30mm group in sperm penetration distance.