• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.314-318
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• 2009

A new rice cultivar "Jinbaek" carrying Xa3 and xa5 was derived from the cross between 'HR15204-38-3' with xa5 gene resistant to bacterial blight K1, K2, K3 and K3a, and F1 plant derived from the cross between Junam and Sindongjin with Xa3 gene. "Jinbaek" has approximately 125 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in the west-southern coastal and Honam plain of Korea. Culm length of "Jinbaek" is 71 cm. In reaction to biotic stresses, it shows moderate resistance to blast, and wide spectrum resistance to bacterial blight pathogen, K1, K2, K3, and K3a but susceptible to rice stripe virus and blast. The milled rice of "Jinbaek" exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and midium short grain. It has lower amylose content (18.8%) and protein content (6.2%) compared with Nampyeong. The milled rice yield of this cultivar was 5.30 MT/ha in local adaptability test of three years from 2006 to 2008. This cultivar would be adaptable to the bacterial blight-prone area in the south-western coast and Honam plain of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.423-432
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• 2019

In order to select potential plant resources as functional materials and natural antioxidants, we evaluated antioxidant activity and serotonin derivatives of safflower germplasm collected from five countries. N-(p-Coumaroyl) serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS) were analyzed by using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activities were estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Reducing power (RP) assays. The TPC showed a range of 28.25 to $90.53{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg dried extract (DE). DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and RP assay were in the range of 18.76 to 93.98, 48.91 to 163.73, 3.80 to 132.29 and 26.32 to $80.08{\mu}g$ ascorbic acid equivalent (ASCE)/mg DE, respectively. Among the five countries, safflower seed collected from Iran had the highest levels of serotonin derivatives and antioxidant activities than other countries (p<0.05). CS showed high correlation with TPC, ABTS and DPPH (r=0.673,0.727,0.820), and FS showed high correlation with DPPH (r=0.740). Accessions IT321214 and IT321215 could be useful for development of new functional materials and could be used as a source of valuable natural antioxidant materials.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 1987

A green house experiment was conducted to find out the acetylene reducing and $N_2$-fixing activity from photosynthetic and aerobic heterotrophic nitrogen fixing microorganisms in submerged paddy soil under different agricultural locality, soil series, soil texture, soil type, and drainage condition in which samples taken from without nitrogen treatment plot of NPK trials on 16 sites of the farmer's field. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The highest acetylene reducing activity was observed at 7 days after incubation in the light condition (photo synthetic microbes+heterotrophic bacteria) while it was observed at 35 days incubation in the dark condition (heterotrophic bacteria). 2. Among the soil series, photosynthetic nitrogen fixing activity was pronounced more in Jangae, Ogcheon and Hwadong series while lower was obtained in Buyong and Daejeong series. Aerobic heterotrophic nitrogen fixing activity was high in Buyong and Daejong series. 3. Estimated amount of $N_2$-fixation from acetylene reducing activity was equivalented to 3.0 mg in light condition and 4.9 mg/100g/105 days in dark condition. 4. Among the agricultural locality, photosynthetic nitrogen fixing activity was high in rather warm southern part while heterotrophic nitrogen fixing activity was predominated more in mountainous area and Chungcheong continental. 5. Photosynthetic nitrogen fixing activity was predominated in high productive soil while aerobic heterotrophic nitrogen fixing activity was pronounced more in crose coarse sandy soil. 6. The soils properties of high photosynthetic nitrogen fixing activity were constituted of poorly or imperfectly drained clay or clay loam soil while heterotrophic nitrogen fixing activity was pronounced more in well to moderately well drained sandy or sandy loam soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2005

This study was performed to estimate the soil loss on a national scale and grade regions with the potential risk of soil erosion. Universal soil loss equation (USLE) for rainfall and runoff erosivity factors (R), cover management factors (C) and support practice factors (P) and revised USLE for soil erodibility factors (K) and topographic factors (LS) were used. To estimate the soil loss, the whole nation was divided into 21,337 groups according to city county, soil phase and land use type. The R factors were high in the southern coast of Gyeongnam and Jeonnam and part of the western coast of Gyeonggi and low in the inland and eastern coast of Gyeongbuk. The K factors were higher in the regions located on the lower streams of rivers and the plain lands of the western coast of Chungnam and Jeonbuk. The average slope of upland areas in Pyeongchang-gun was the steepest of 30.1%. The foot-slope areas from the Taebaek Mountains to the Sobaek Mountains had steep uplands. Total soil loss of Korea was estimated as $50{\times}10^6Mg$ in 2004. The potential risk of soil erosion in upland was the severest in Gyeongnam and the amount of soil erosion was the greatest in Jeonnam. The regions in which annual soil loss was estimated over $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were graded as "the very severe" and their acreage was $168{\times}10^3ha$ in 2004. The soil erosion maps of city/county of Korea were made based on digital soil maps with 1:25,000 scale.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.311-324
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• 2021

Recently, ten geosites have been considered in Hwaseong for endorsement as national geoparks, including the Jebudo, Gojeongri Dinosaur Egg Fossils, and Ueumdo geosites. The Jebudo geosite in the southern part of the Seoul metropolitan area has great potential for development as a new geoscience educational site because it has geological, geographical (landscape), and ecological significance. In this study, we described the geological characteristics through field surveys in the Jebudo geosite. We evaluated its potential as a geo-education site based on comparative analysis with other geosites in Hwaseong Geopark. In addition, we reviewed the practical effect of field education at geosites on the essential concepts and critical competence-oriented education emphasized in the current 2015 revised science curriculum. The Jebudo Geosite is geologically diverse, with various metamorphic rocks belonging to the Precambrian Seosan Group, such as quartzite, schist, and phyllite. Various geological structures, such as clastic dikes, faults, joints, foliation, and schistosity have also been recorded. Moreover, coastal geological features have been observed, including depositional landforms (gravel and sand beaches, dunes, and mudflats), sedimentary structures (ripples), erosional landforms (sea cliffs, sea caves, and sea stacks), and sea parting. The Jebudo geosite has considerable value as a new geo-education site with geological and geomorphological distinction from the Gojeongri Dinosaur Egg Fossils and Ueumdo geosites. The Jebudo geosite also has opportunities for geo-education and geo-tourism, such as mudflat experiences and infrastructures, such as coastal trails and viewing points. This geosite can help develop diverse geo-education programs that improve key competencies in the science curriculum, such as critical thinking, inquiry, and problem-solving. Furthermore, by conducting optimized geo-education focused on the characteristics of each geosite, the following can be established: (1) the expansion of learning space from school to geopark, (2) the improvement of understanding of specific content elements and linkage between essential concepts, and (3) the extension of the education scope throughout the earth system. There will be positive impacts on communication, participation, and lifelong learning skills through geopark education.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.443-446
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• 2008

'Gangbaek' is a japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2006. 'Gangbaek' was derived from a cross between 'Suweon345' with good grain quality and 'DV85' resistant to bacterial blight, $K_{3a}$. $F_1$ plants were grown in the greenhouse in winter of 1992/1993 and backcrossed with 'Suweon345' as the recurrent parent. Plants resistant to $K_{3a}$ race of bacterial blight (BB) were selected from $BC_1F_1$ to $BC_4F_1$ and used as parents in the backcrossing processes. This variety has about 120 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast and Honam plain of Korea. It is about 69 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows moderately resistance to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen, $K_1$, $K_2$, $K_3$ and $K_{3a}$, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of 'Gangbaek' exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and midium short grain. It has lower amylose content of 18.6% and protein content of 6.4% compared with 'Nampyeongbyeo'. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.28 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. This cultivar would be adaptable to the bacterial blight-prone area in the south-western coastal and Honam plain of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.532-537
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• 2011

'Seolgaeng' is a new Japonica rice variety developed from an 'Ilpumbyeo' mutant line, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) treatment on fertilized egg cell, by a rice breeding team of National Crop Experiment Station, Rural Development Administration in 2001. This variety has about 134 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in central plain area of Korea, a good semi-elect plant type and resistant to lodging with strong culm. The number of panicles/hill of 'Seolgaeng' is more than that of 'Hwaseongbyeo'. The milled rice appearance of this cultivar is an opaque, but it has amylose content (19.3%) similar to 'Hwaseongbyeo'. It is superior to hypae formation of Aspergillus orzyae in the making of fermented rice and amount of pigmentation in fermented rice by Monascus anka that of 'Ilpumbyeo'. This variety showed slow leaf senescence and considerable resistance to viviparous germination. It is moderately resistant to leaf blast and susceptible to bacterial blight, virus disease and insect pests. The yield performance of this rice cultivar is about 5.27 MT/ha in milled rice in local adaptability test for three years from 1999 to 2001). 'Seolgaeng' is adaptable to central and southern plain areas of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.543-548
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• 2011

Haiami is a new Japonica rice variety developed from a cross between 'Jinmibyeo' TR treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) EMS and 5-methytryptophan, and 'Gyehwabyeo' in order to develop a new premium quality rice variety by a rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration in 2008. This variety has about 138 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in central plain area of Korea. The heading date of this vareity was on $15^{th}$, August. The 'Haiami' has good semi-elect plant type and resistant to lodging with strong culm. The number of panicles/hill of 'Haiami' is more than that of 'Hwaseongbyeo'. This variety shows slow leaf senescence and considerable tolerance to viviparous germination. It is susceptible to leaf blast, bacterial blight, and insect pests, but resistance to rice stripe virus. The milled rice of this variety exhibited translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and short grain shape. The essential amino acid properties of 'Haiami' have more than 31% that of 'Hwaseongbyeo' in polished rice. This variety has premium palatability of cooked rice. The yield performance of this rice cultivar was about 5.38 MT/ha in milled rice in local adaptability test for three years from 2006 to 2008. 'Haiami' is adaptable to central and southern plain areas of Korea.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.32
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• pp.131-169
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• 2016

We will study cultural sprauchling about Pungmul-Kut to find out the sphere of "Gui-myeong-gui" alongside Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do western coast. In this area, there are some traits and terms about Gui-myeong-gui, a sort of Pungmul-Kut and Goon-go. Several Pungmul-Kuts which border the sphere of Gui-myeong-gui are Goon-gui in a southern direction, Unnyeongnongak of Honamudonongak in a eartern direction, and Yeongmujangnongak. The acculturation occurs in two ways. One is the possible acculturation with Goon-gi or Goon-go in coastal areas. The other is the acculturation with Honamudonongak. Especially, this phenomenan appears in double-way interaction. At first, there is the influence of Gui-myeong-gui in Honamudonongak. Kim Bau's style, which might relate to Gui-myeong-gui in Geommopojin, incorporate one of Panje of Honamudonongak through Park Namsik. This phenomenon is porved by the affinity between Eunjijaetji Galag of Honamudonongak GeollibKut and Eungmagaenggaeng Galag of Goon-go, and by the similarity to Neonari-Galag. In case of Neonari-Galag, the role of Jing in Neonari-Galag is replaced by Janggu in Honamudonongak, because of the geatest popularity of Janggu in those days. Secondly, there is the influence of Honamudonongak in Gui-myeong-gui. Northern sphere of Gui-myeong-gui like Buan-gun, Okgu-gun has been influenced since early $20^{th}$ century. In addition, the phenomenon which the sphere of Gui-myeong-gui accepts actively Honamudonongak could occur. So this thesis fragmentarilly checks the existence and traits of Gui-myeong-gui. Based on it, we would be able to reveal and reconstitute the nature of Gui-myeong-gui by understanding acculturation of Pungmul-Kut and by comparing Goon-go with Honamudonongak and Yeongmujangnongak in several regions. Also this thesis draws attention about meanings and effects of Yeonhuinongak's acceptace of Goon-beop.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.4-21
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• 2012

Jade ornaments, which include slit earrings, scoop-shaped objects and tubular beads have been extensively identified in Northeast Asia, such as Korea, China, Japan and the Maritime Province of Siberia. Among them slit earrings are distributed in the whole area of Northeast Asia. Although this object shows the typological differences in accordance with the excavated region in detail, all of them are characterised by the slit on the centre of jade ring. The buried context and the shape of this object suggest that this artefact was the earring; thus it is named to 'slit earring'. Most of slit earrings of the Neolithic Age concentrate in Northeast China and the areas south of the Yangtze River, and the Japanese Archipelago. However, unfortunately, Slit earrings, which were produced in the tradition of the incipient and early phases of the Neolithic Age in Northeast Asia, have not been excavated in the Korean Peninsula. The number of slit earrings reported so far is eight, and especially until the 20th century, almost none was reported with its exact excavation location and only three of them are known as excavated through surface surveys and preliminary excavations. However, from the beginning of the 21st century onwards, the number of discovered slit earrings is increasing. Particularly, five pieces of this object uncovered in the 21st century are discovered in the official excavation; thus the exact archaeological context such as buried locations and chronologies could be estimated. By considering the buried context, slit earrings are associated with stone axes, which were produced in the incipient and early phase of the Neolithic Age in the Korean Peninsula. In addition, considering the number of unearthed objects is a few, it could be postulate that slit earring was the artefact that only a few persons, who had a special role in the society, could possess. However, slit jade earrings that have been excavated in the Korean Peninsula are extremely low in their number compared to the cases of its neighbouring countries such as China and Japan, and the researches on this subject have not been much conducted in Korea. Therefore, it is my supposition that slit earrings, which have been discovered in the Korean Peninsula, might be the imported item from the nearby areas. Particularly, the Southern Coast was closely connected with Japanese Islands and the Eastern Coast was interchanged with Northeast China or the Maritime Province of Siberia. Considering that excavations and researches on the Neolithic remains in the Korean Peninsula have not been sufficiently and actively conducted, it could be expected that the further investigations and researches will reveal the sufficient quantities of slit earrings in near future.