• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1520-1524
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• 2006

ENSO(El $Ni\check{n}o$ Southern Oscillation)은 태평양상의 해양과 대기간의 복잡한 상호작용의 일부이며, ENSO 순환(ENSO cycle)의 극한상태인 엘니뇨와 라니냐는 세계적으로 발생하는 홍수와 가뭄 등 자연재해와 많은 연관성을 가지고 있음이 많은 연구를 통하여 알려지고 있다. 우리나라에서도 ENSO와 수문변량들간의 관계를 분석하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는데, 수문자료의 변동계수가 크기 때문에 이를 단순 표준화하여 해석하는데 있어 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 자료의 표준정규분포화를 통하여 ENSO와 우리나라 수문변량들간의 관계를 분석하였다. ENSO를 정량적으로 표준지수화하기 위하여 적도부근 남태평양 Tahiti섬과 오스트레일리아 북부 Darwin 지역에서의 기압차를 월별로 표준화(standardization)한 SOI(Southern Oscillation Index)지수를 이용하였고, 수문자료를 정량적으로 표준지수화하기 위하여 우리나라 23개 기상관측소의 월강수량, 12개 기상관측소의 월평균기온, 월최저기온, 월최고기온 자료를 이용하여 표준정규분포를 가지는 표준정규지수로 환산하였다. 환산된 자료의 계절적 영향을 파악하고자 3개월 단위로 구분하여, 초과확률 등을 이용한 분석을 실시한 결과, 특정지역의 수문변동이 남방진동지수와 유의한 상관관계를 가짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 현재 많은 연구가 진행되고 있는 수문기상학적 예측모형의 개발에 유용한 정보를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 대기
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.559-568
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• 2015

As is evident from its definition, Southern Oscillation Index variability conformed to a combination of the variations of Darwin and Tahiti pressure. Over the El-$Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ Southern Oscillation spectra, the Darwin pressure shared variations associated with the SSN tendency while the Tahiti had a connection with the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation modulating annual cycle. The power peak near the 3.5-year period comprised the third harmonic of the sun and the second of the modulated annual cycle. The derived harmonics came from both sources, so the initiation of El-$Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ could be predicted more successfully when including the effects of the sun and QBO.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2003년도 학술발표회논문집(1)
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• pp.151-158
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• 2003

Recently, there has been considerable interest in the influence of El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on a global scale. ENSO has been measured by a simple index called Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). The statistical characteristics of SOI have been also focused to reveal the influence of ENSO. The SOI trend shows that El Nino events are generally getting stronger and more frequently occurring than La Nina events. However, the variation of SOI has varied significantly in a long-term. The SOI values are computed using the mean value and its standard deviation of the base period from 1951 to 1980. In the present study, the different base periods are applied to compute the SOI values and the influence of the different base periods is investigated in detail to reveal the long-term variation of SOI From the results, we could conclude that the present SOI should be carefully considered as a criterion to judge whether the El Nino and La Nina events are occurring.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2000

Streamflow patterns at two gauging stations in Korea, An-Dong dam and Chung-Ju dam, are statistically analyzed in relation to EI Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). As a measure of ENSO, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is used on a monthly and seasonal basis. The traditional correlation analysis shows that cross correlations of the SOI with the seasonal streamflow are generally weak. To investigate the relationship between the extreme values of the SOI, which represent the EI Nino and La Nina events, and the corresponding streamflow patterns, the composite analysis is employed in this study. The composite analysis demonstrates that when EI Nino occurs, seasonal streamflows at An-Dong and Chung-Ju dams during the period from September of the EI Nino year to February of the following year appear to be drier than their means.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2019

During the winter of 2017/2018, significantly low water temperatures were detected around the western and southern coasts of Korea (WSCK). In this period, sea surface temperature (SST) in the Korea Waters was about $2^{\circ}C$ lower than mean temperature. Using the real-time observation system, we analyzed the temporal variation of SST during this period around the western and southern coasts. Low water temperature usually manifested over a period of about 10 ~ 20 days. The daily Arctic oscillation index was also similarly detectable with the variation of SST. From the cross-correlation function, we compared two periodic variations, which were SST around the WSCK and the Arctic oscillation index. The cross correlation coefficients between both variations were approximately 0.3 ~ 0.4. The time lag of the two time series was about 6 to 7 days. Therefore, significantly low water temperatures during winter in the Korean coastal areas usually became detectable 6 to 7 days after the negative peak of Arctic oscillation.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2002년도 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1195-1204
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• 2002

The impacts of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon on climate are widespread and extend far beyond the tropical Pacific. The phenomenon can be characterized by Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) which is derived from values of the monthly mean sea level pressure barometric difference between Tahiti and Darwin, Australia. Its best-known extreme is the El Nino event. In this study, general statistical characteristics of SOI and the data from which it is derived (i.e. mean sea level pressure data at Tahiti and Darwin) are presented as guidance when using SOI far other analyses. The characteristics include the availability of the barometric pressure data, statistics of monthly pressure data, correlation of SO intensity, frequency analysis of SOI by magnitude and by month (January-December), duration properties of SOI by run analysis.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 엘니뇨현상과 인도양 쌍극자 모드(Indian Ocean Dipole, IOD) 현상의 상호 관련성과, 우리나라 기온, 강수량에 대한 두 현상의 영향을 분석하였다. 1954년부터 2004년까지 51년간 NINO 3 지수, IOD지수, 그리고 전국 11개 지점 지역평균한 월별 평균기온과 강수량 자료를 사용하였다. 엘니뇨현상과 IOD현상은 봄과 가을에는 동시 상관관계가 존재한다. 인도양에서 해수면온도 분포는 엘니뇨 해에는 남북진동이, IOD 해에는 동서진동 형태가 뚜렷하였다. 엘니뇨 해 우리나라에서는, 여름철에 냉하다우, 겨울철에 온난다우 경향이 뚜렷한 반면에, IOD 해에는 유의한 상관성을 찾을 수 없었다. 대기대순환에서도 엘니뇨 해에는 우리나라를 포함한 중위도에 통계적으로 신뢰할 만한 편차패턴이 나타나지만, IOD 해에는 그렇지 않았다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2019

In this study, we investigate the associations between the solar variability and teleconnection indices, which influence atmospheric circulation and subsequently, the spatial distribution of the global pressure system. A study of the link between the Sun and a large-scale mode of climate variability, which may indirectly affect the Earth's climate and weather, is crucial because the feedbacks of solar variability to an autogenic or internal process should be considered with due care. We have calculated the normalized cross-correlations of the total sunspot area, the total sunspot number, and the solar North-South asymmetry with teleconnection indices. We have found that the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) index is anti-correlated with both solar activity and the solar North-South asymmetry, with a ~3-year lag. This finding not only agrees with the fact that El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ episodes are likely to occur around the solar maximum, but also explains why tropical cyclones occurring in the solar maximum periods and in El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ periods appear similar. Conversely, other teleconnection indices, such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index, the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) index, and the Pacific-North American (PNA) index, are weakly or only slightly correlated with solar activity, which emphasizes that response of terrestrial climate and weather to solar variability are local in space. It is also found that correlations between teleconnection indices and solar activity are as good as correlations resulting from the teleconnection indices themselves.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.299-311
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• 2007

최근 들어 세계의 연중 기후 변화에 주된 요인으로써 엘니뇨와 같은 현상이 매우 잦아졌다. 많은 기상수문학자들이 강수와 유량에 대한 엘니뇨 남방진동의 영향에 대해 연구하고 있지만, 수문변량들은 큰 지역적 변동을 갖고 있기 때문에 결정적인 인과관계를 찾아내는데 있어서 많은 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 엘니뇨-남방진동과 한국에서의 수문변량들 간의 계절석 관계를 고찰하였다. 엘니뇨-난방진동을 정량적으로 표현해 주는 지수로써 남방진동지수를 사용하였고, 월강수량 자료, 월평균기온 자료 그리고 댐의 월유입량 자료를 표준정규분포를 가지는 표준정규지수로 변환하여 사용하였다. 계절적 관계를 파악하기 위해 난방진동지수와 수문변량의 월 자료는 봄 (3월-5월), 여름(6윌-8월), 가을(9월-11월) 그리고 겨울 (12윌-2월)로 분류되었다. ENSO episode에 대한 수문변량들의 조건부 초과확률과 분포형태를 바탕으로 분석을 수행한 결과 전반적으로 Warm ENSO episode의 경우 강수량 증가와 기온 상승과 관련이 있고, Cold ENSO episode의 경우 강수량 감소와 기온 하강과 관계가 있다. 그러나 일부 지역에서는 이러한 전반적인 결과와 상이한 결과가 나타나기도 하였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.127-143
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• 2018

This study analyzed the influence of climate change on the spawning ground area of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus. To estimate long term changes in the area of the spawning ground of the common squid, water temperature at 50 m deep that can be inferred from sea surface temperature (SST) based on both NOAA/AVHRR (1981.07-2002.12) and MODIS/AQUA (2003.01-2009.12) ocean color data was analyzed. In addition, five climate indices, Arctic Oscillation Index (AO), Siberian High Index (SH), Aleutian Low Pressure Index (ALP), East Asia Winter Monsoon Index (EAWM) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) which are the main indicators of climate changes in the northwestern Pacific were used to study the relationship between the magnitude of the estimated spawning ground and climate indices. The area of the estimated spawning ground was highly correlated with the total catch of common squid throughout four decades. The area of the estimated spawning ground was negatively correlated with SH and EAWM. Especially, PDO was negatively correlated with the area of the spawning ground in the northwestern Pacific (r = -0.39) and in the southern part of the East Sea (r = -0.38). There was a positive relationship between the AO and the area of the spawning ground in the northwestern Pacific (r = 0.46) as well as in the southern part of the East Sea (r = 0.32). Temporally, the area of the winter spawning ground in the southern part of the East Sea in the 1980s was smaller than those areas in the 1990s and 2000s, because the area was disconnected with the western coastal spawning ground of Japan in the 1980s, while the area had been made wider and more continuous from the Korea strait to the western coastal water of Honshu in the 1990s and 2000s.