• 수완나부미
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.51-89
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• 2017

Strategically situated between the East-West maritime crossroads, the peoples of Southeast Asia over the centuries witnessed the comings and goings of traders from territories from East Asia, South Asia, West Asia and Europe. There were also those from North America that crossed the Pacific for commercial profits in this region. Foreign traders undoubtedly in the course of their visits and sojourns had liaisons with local women, some engaged in marriages. Offspring of these interracial miscegenation possessed rather unique characteristics. As a community, they were identified with the Malay term, peranakan, from the root word, "anak" meaning "child," hence "offspring" or "descendent". Specific terms - Baba Nyonya, Tionghoa-Selat, Chitty, Jawi Pekan, Pashu, Kristang - referred to particular groups. Although socially they appeared 'neither here nor there', members of mixed parentage were able to carve an especial niche in the local environment throughout Southeast Asia, conspicuously in urban, port-cities where trade and commerce predominated. Following in the footsteps of their progenitor, the Peranakan acted as intermediaries, comprador between foreign and indigenous enterprises, profiting financially and socially from trade and commerce. Tapping on the author's personal experiences and first-hand observations, complementing with oral sources, and support from secondary materials, this present essay explores, discusses, and analyzes the eclectic sociocultural practices and traditions of the Baba Nyonya of George Town, Penang. Purposeful intention is to further enlighten our understanding, and in turn, our appreciation, of these ever increasingly diminishing communities and their cultures across Southeast Asia.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.339-339
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• 2017

The long grain rice varieties adaptable to South-east Asia tropical regions were tried to develop in Cambodian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Cambodia. The final goal is to develop rice varieties which can culture in diverse environmental conditions of tropical regions of South-east Asia under climate change. We collected and evaluated for agronomic traits of 131 rice germplasm from Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines and Vietnam in CARDI. We selected core germplasm including leading varieties of target countries and made 813 F1 cross combinations between leading varieties of each country and promising germplasm of high yield potential, resistance to biotic/abiotic stresses, aromatic rice, and so on. Out of 607 F1s evaluated to heading date, plant type, agronomic traits, and grain type, 106 F1s selected and advanced to F2 populations. 106 F2 populations were evaluated to major agronomic traits, grain type and yield-component traits, and selected 2,560 plants in 62 F2 populations. During six seasons in 2014~2016, the lines of F3 subsequent-generation were cultured a total of 6,256 lines. In yield trial for promising lines in F5 generation, the growth duration from sowing to harvesting was 97~114 days. These lines were 88~129 in number of grain per panicle, an average of 84.6% in the range of 79.3~91.9% in the percentage of ripened grain and 17.5~22.8g in 1000-brown rice weight. The rough rice yields were in the range of 4.33~6.06 ton/ha with an average of 5.23 ton/ha. The yield was increased to 5~47% than Chulsa and 12~41% than IR66. Five lines, KR54-28-1, KR55-14-2, KR57-5-2, KR67-57-2 and KR128-19-1 were 5.33~6.06 ton/ha in rough rice yield. These high yield potential lines would be evaluated to adaptability in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam during 2017.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.155-155
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• 2017

The long grain rice varieties adaptable to South-east Asia tropical regions were tried to develop in Cambodian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Cambodia. The final goal is to develop rice varieties which can culture in diverse environmental conditions of tropical regions of South-east Asia under climate change. We collected and evaluated for agronomic traits of 131 rice germplasm from Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines and Vietnam in CARDI. We selected core germplasm including leading varieties of target countries and made 813 F1 cross combinations between leading varieties of each country and promising germplasm of high yield potential, resistance to biotic/abiotic stresses, aromatic rice, and so on. Out of 607 F1s evaluated to heading date, plant type, agronomic traits, and grain type, 106 F1s selected and advanced to F2 populations. 106 F2 populations were evaluated to major agronomic traits, grain type and yield-component traits, and selected 2,560 plants in 62 F2 populations. During six seasons in 2014~2016, the lines of F3 subsequent-generation were cultured a total of 6,256 lines. In yield trial for promising lines in F5 generation, the growth duration from sowing to harvesting was 97~114 days. These lines were 88~129 in number of grain per panicle, an average of 84.6% in the range of 79.3~91.9% in the percentage of ripened grain and 17.5~22.8g in 1000-brown rice weight. The rough rice yields were in the range of 4.33~6.06 ton/ha with an average of 5.23 ton/ha. The yield was increased to 5~47% than Chulsa and 12~41% than IR66. Five lines, KR54-28-1, KR55-14-2, KR57-5-2, KR67-57-2 and KR128-19-1 were 5.33~6.06 ton/ha in rough rice yield. These high yield potential lines would be evaluated to adaptability in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam during 2017.

• 대기
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.293-309
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• 2020

There are lots of indices that define the intensity of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) in climate systems. This paper assesses the prediction skill for EASM indices in a Global Seasonal Forecasting System (GloSea5) that is currently operating at KMA. Total 5 different types of EASM indices (WNPMI, EAMI, WYI, GUOI, and SAHI) are selected to investigate how well GloSea5 reproduces them using hindcasts with 12 ensemble members with 1~3 lead months. Each index from GloSea5 is compared to that from ERA-Interim. Hindcast results for the period 1991~2010 show the highest prediction skill for WNPMI which is defined as the difference between the zonal winds at 850 hPa over East China Sea and South China Sea. WYI, defined as the difference between the zonal winds of upper and lower level over the Indian Ocean far from East Asia, is comparatively well captured by GloSea5. Though the prediction skill for EAMI which is defined by using meridional winds over areas of East Asia and Korea directly affected by EASM is comparatively low, it seems that EAMI is useful for predicting the variability of precipitation by EASM over East Asia. The regressed atmospheric fields with EASM index and the correlation with precipitation also show that GloSea5 best predicts the synoptic environment of East Asia for WNPMI among 5 EASM indices. Note that the result in this study is limited to interpret only for GloSea5 since the prediction skill for EASM index depends greatly on climate forecast model systems.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부A
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• pp.248-252
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• 1998

The ACE Engineering, Inc. (ACE) of Seoul, Korea and The Energy Systems Institute (SEI) of Irkutsk, Russia has extensively studied the formation of an interconnected electric power systems throughout the North Eastern Asia Region(NEAR). The region encompasses East Siberia (ESR), Far East of Russia(FER), North East China(NEC), Mongolia(MON), North Korea(NKOR), South Korea(SKOR). Although geographically adjacent to each other, these countries and territories have different levels and rates of economic development, possess different reserves of energy resources which complement each other and hence, can interact to their mutual benefits. This Project is called Peace Network Project (PNP) because it seems to contribute for development of power economy and clean environment. In a word, the PEACE Network is expected to serve as "Power Economy And Clean Environment Network" and to promote the international cooperation. to expedite the peaceful reunification of North & South Korea and to revive the Korean culture in the North, and eventually contribute to the human prosperity.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.3-25
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• 2022

East Asia's Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) came into force in 2022 as the world's largest free trade agreement. RCEP was concluded, signed and brought into force in the face of major international uncertainty and is a significant boost to the global trading system. RCEP brings Australia, China, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand into the same agreement with the ten member ASEAN group at its centre. It keeps markets open and updates trade and investment rules in East Asia, a major centre of global economic activity, at a time of rising protectionism when the WTO itself is under threat. The agreement builds on ASEAN's free trade agreements and strengthens ASEAN centrality. One of the pillars of RCEP is an economic cooperation agenda which has its antecedents in ASEAN's approach to bringing along its least developed members and builds on the experience of capacity building in APEC and technical cooperation under the ASEAN Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement. There is an opportunity to create a framework that facilitates deeper economic cooperation that involves experience-sharing, extending RCEP's rules and membership at the same time as strengthening political cooperation. The paper suggests some areas that might be best suited to cooperation - that is confidence and trust building instead of or before negotiation - and discusses how non-members may be engaged and the membership expanded. Options such as multilateralising provisions and becoming a platform for policy convergence and coordinating unilateral reforms are canvassed.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.99-99
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• 2017

Chili pepper (Capsicum annum) is origin of subtropical region, and has been spread all over the world. It is increasing the production and consumption in recent year. Chili peppers are readily incorporated into local South Asian cuisines perhaps because people are already familiar with pungent and spicy flavors. Chili peppers, despite their fiery "hotness", are one of very popular spices known for their medicinal and health benefiting properties. Especially in South East Asia, they grow up so many cultivars of them recently, so it is so important crop world wide. In South East Asia, there are some articles about chili pepper in Thailand and Indonesia, but in Vietnam there is not so much information about chili pepper. In this paper, we analyzed genetic diversity in Vietnamese Chili pepper through the survey of local chili pepper. As a result, we got 38 kinds of chili fruits, 26 kinds of leaves and some information from farmers all in Vietnam. And I made the phylogenetic tree by SSR with 10 DNA markers. Finally we found the genetic similarities by regions.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2019

Most of lichens are formed by Ascomycota, less than 1% are lichenized Basidiomycota. The flora investigation of lichenized Ascomycota of South Korea has been well studied in the past three decades; however, prior to this study, none of basidiolichens was discovered. During the recent excursion, an unexpected clavarioid basidiolichen, Sulzbacheromyces sinensis was collected. Morphology and ecology has been recorded in detail. DNA was extracted, and ITS, 18S, 28S nuclear rDNA were generated. In order to further confirm the systematic position of the Korean specimens, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis including all the species of the order Lepidostromatales were conducted based on the ITS. As a result, the phylogenetic tree of the order Lepidostromatales was reconstructed, which differed from the previous studies. The inferred phylogenetic tree showed that species of Sulzbacheromyces in three different continents (Asia, South Africa and South America) were separated into three clades with support. In this study, the species worldwide distribution map of Lepidostromatales was illustrated, and S. sinensis had a widest distribution range (paleotropical extend to the Sino-Japanese) than other species (paleotropical or neotropical). Prior to this study, the range of distribution, southernmost and northernmost points and the fruiting time of S. sinensis were recorded, and the genus Sulzbacheromyces was firstly reported from Korean peninsula and Philippines.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.176-188
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• 2008

Anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in Northeast Asia are of great concern because of their impact on air quality and atmospheric chemistry on regional and intercontinental scales. Satellite remote sensing based on DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) technique has been preferred to measure atmospheric trace species and to investigate their emission characteristics on regional and global scales. Absorption spectra obtained by the satellite-born instrument, SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography) have been utilized to retrieve the information of $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ over Northeast Asia. $SO_2$ levels over Northeast Asia were in order of East China, Yellow Sea, South Sea and Korean Peninsula with mean vertical columns of $1.78({\pm}1.0){\times}10^{16}$, $1.11({\pm}0.67){\times}10^{16}$, $0.60({\pm}0.63){\times}10^{16}$, $0.71({\pm}0.65){\times}10^{16}\;molecules/cm^2$, respectively. $NO_2$ levels were in order of East China, Yellow Sea, Korean Peninsula, and South Sea with mean vertical columns of $1.2({\pm}0.56){\times}10^{16}$, $0.38({\pm}0.19){\times}10^{16}$, $0.48({\pm}0.28){\times}10^{16}$, $0.26({\pm}0.16){\times}10^{16}\;molecules/cm^2$, respectively. High levels of $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ were observed over East China, in particular in winter by the contribution of heating fuel combustion exhausts. The $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ levels over East China were the highest in January with 34% and 42% higher over the annual means. Low levels of $SO_2$ ranged over Korean peninsula, while $NO_2$ levels were relatively high, in particular in winter. The $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ levels over Yellow Sea were relatively higher compared to those over Korean peninsula and South Sea, which could be mainly attributed to their transport from East China.

• 수완나부미
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.27-59
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• 2022

During the past two decades, the Southeast Asian region has experienced a range of major crises. Service industries such as tourism and the marginal and migrant laborers who work in them have usually been at the sharp end of these testing events, from natural and environmental disasters, epidemics and pandemics, global financial slumps, terrorism, and political conflict. The latest challenge is the "Novel Coronavirus" (Covid-19/SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. It has already had serious consequences for Southeast Asia and its tourism development and these will continue for the foreseeable future. Since the SARS epidemic of 2002-2004, Southeast Asian economies have become integrated increasingly into those of East Asia (China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong). This paper examines one of the most significant current crises, Covid-19, and its consequences for Southeast Asia, its tourism industry, and its workers, comparing experiences across the region, and the issues raised by the over-dependence of some countries on East Asia. In research on crises, the main focus has been on dramatic, unpredictable natural disasters, and human-generated global economic downturns. Not so much attention has been devoted to disease and contagion, which has both natural and socio-cultural dimensions in origins and effects, and which, in the case of Covid-19, evoke a pre-crisis period of normality, a liminal transition or "meantime" and a post-crisis "new normality." The transition is not straightforward; in many countries, it operates as a set of serial lockdowns and restrictions, and to predict an uncertain future remains difficult.