• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2009

Norovirus surrogate (feline calicivirus) was inactivated by treatment at 50,000 psi for 60 sec by 6.8-$log_{10}TCID_{50}mL^{-1}$. Tissue obtained from oyster (digestive gland, gill and mantle) was qualitatively destroyed and distorted by treatment at pressure greater than 5,000 psi for 60 sec. High pressure treatment induced progressive changes in the color of the oyster adductor muscle. High pressure treatment effectively reduced norovirus surrogate but induced conformational changes in the tissue and color of oyster flesh.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.319-328
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• 2006

The relationships among long-term climate variation at the southern part of the Korean peninsula, oceanic conditions in the South Sea, Korea, and variation in the winter catch of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) were analyzed using 32 years of time-series data from 1971~2002. In the early 1990s, winter climatic conditions at the southern part of Korean peninsula shifted from a cool to a warm regime with higher air temperature, relative weak wind speed, and lower relative humidity. Also, the winter water temperature at 50 m depth became consistently higher in the South Sea. The annual winter catch of yellowtail in the South Sea increased dramatically in the early 1990s, as did that of anchovy, which is the major food organism for yellowtail. From the results of correlation analysis, we found that the winter catch of yellowtail was more closely related to the increasing of air temperature, water temperature and anchovy catch.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.37-48
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• 2018

The extreme 2017 spring drought affected a large portion of central and western South Korea, and was one of the most climatologically driest spring seasons over the 1961-2016 period of record. This drought was characterized by exceptionally low precipitation, with total precipitation from January to June being 50% lower than the mean normal precipitation (1981-2010) over most of western South Korea. In this study, for the quantitative drought impact analysis, the widely-used Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the statistical drought frequency are compared with observed meteorological characteristics and anomalies. According to the drought frequency analysis of monthly cumulative precipitation during January and May in 2017, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, and Jeollanam-do areas showed more than drought frequency over 100 years. Gyeongsangnam-do area showed more than drought frequency over 200 years based on annual precipitation in 2017. The South Korean government (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) and Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC)) have been operating a government-level drought monitoring system since 2016. Results from this study can be used to improve the drought monitoring applications of future drought events, as well as drought planning and preparedness in South Korea.

• Strategy21
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• s.37
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• pp.144-176
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• 2015

In September 2013, President Park Geun-hye announced her controversial "Look North" policy, of which the most salient aspect is the "Eurasia Initiative". This comprises various proposals designed to overcome existing constraints by developing new markets and creating new economic partners in continental areas from which South Korea has been alienated since the end of World War II, and this dovetails nicely with China's One Belt, One Road Initiative. The concepts of the "Silk Road Rail Express (SRX)" and the "East Sea Rim Maritime Community (ESRMC)" have also been discussed. SRX is at present a purely symbolic railroad project intended to encourage individual, cultural, trade and diplomatic exchanges. ESRMC is a model for establishing an ad hoc community to promote regional economic cooperation around the East Sea. President Park's Eurasia Initiative will provide South Korean investment for the Northeast to complement Russian plans, like the "Northern Energy Road" being built by Gazprom, and Chinese plans, like the Chang-Ji-Tu Development Plan for the North Korean port of Rajin. China's trade, as well as its energy and food supplies, pass through the Strait of Malacca and the Indian Ocean, and are thus vulnerable to interdiction by India or the US. China is therefore trying to reduce its exposure geopolitical risk by establishing a network of corridors between the Belt and the Road to provide alternative paths. The "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor" and the "China-Myanmar Economic Corridor" provide such connections, and South Korea hopes that SRX and ESRMC can become part of a "China-South Korea Economic Corridor". This concept could do much to revitalize the underdeveloped northern provinces of China and Russia's Far East, not to mention North Korea. By linking up the Trans-Siberian Railway, the Trans-China Railway, the Trans-Mongolian Railway and the Trans-Korean Railway all these Asian countries will be connected to one another, and ultimately to Europe. An interim connection between China and South Korea using a rail-ferry has also been proposed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.117-130
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• 2014

Since 1992, with the beginning of trade between Korea and China, their commercial relationship has become closer than before. As a result of better quality of life, the consumers of the two countries value well-being more the before. Thus, this paper examined the information search, awareness, purchasing motivation, and purchasing intention of well-being food of Korean and Chinese consumers, and identified the dominant factors influencing the purchasing intentions of well-being food. Firstly, the information searches of well-being food showed significant differences between the Korean and Chinese consumers. Secondly, the awareness of well-being food between the consumers of the two countries did not show significant differences. Thirdly, the results about the purchasing motivation of well-being food showed that the Chinese consumers had stronger purchasing motivation related to 'social responsibility' than that of Korean consumers, and the differences were significant. Fourthly, the results on the purchasing intentions of well-being food indicated that the Chinese consumers had greater intentions than Korean consumers. Fifthly, for the Korean consumers, the variables influencing the purchasing intentions of well-being food were the considerations of health care, purchasing motivation ('personal desire'), and the awareness of well-being food. For the Chinese consumers, the awareness of well-being food, gender (female), information search of well-being food, and education were formed the main variables.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.147-158
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the preference and present use condition of convenience foods for North Korean refugees in South Korea. Questionnaires were completed by 211 North Korean refugees and data was analyzed with SPSS software. The preference for convenience foods of half of the questionnaires was investigated as 'moderate'. More than half of the North Korean refugees enjoy eating the convenience foods. They enjoy them as a snack. The reason to eat convenience foods is due to the convenience(n=122, 57.8%), and taste(n=42, 10.0%). North Korean refugees under the age of 29 years think the fastfood is good due to the convenience and taste. The longer the period of residence in South Korea, the less they enjoy convenience foods. The reason to choose the convenience foods is 'good for health', 'convenient', 'exotic', and 'economical'. The results suggest that it is necessary to educate people to buy reasonably by understanding the relationship between the convenience foods and health.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.17-28
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• 2006

We propose an Agricultural Infrastructure Expansion Plan (AIEP) for North Korea following unification from the standpoint of a united Korea's social stability. We predict the food demand after unification, according to four different development scenarios based on the AIEP. These scenarios include meeting a self-sufficient level in the staple food crop, satisfying long-term food supply and demand for the North Korean people, achieving a level of North Korean food consumption comparable to that of South Korea, and maintaining productivity to stabilize of North Korea's rural society. We present the results of a 'benefit-cost' analysis in meeting the production targets of predicted food demands after unification from a civil engineering perspective. We found that the estimated total costs would range from 15.2 to 43.0 billion dollars depending on the particular AIEP scenario. In our analysis, all of the four scenarios presented above demonstrated a high degree of economic validity. We conclude that the AIEP is a necessary and economically valid project for a united Korea's future because it would forestall the collapse of North Korea's rural communities, thereby preventing tremendous economic losses upon unification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1988

According to the literature, soybean cultivation originated from Wang-Gong (B.C. 685-643) of China who brought it from northeast Asia, for the first time. FUKUDA, of Japan divided soybean into three species-the wild, the cultivated and the intermediate. From the result of that study, he concluded that the soybean originated in northeast Asia. But Wang Kum Rung of China insisted that soybean originated in Hwa-Nam, because the soybean is a shortday plant and the agricultural history of Hwa-Nam, south of China, is older than that of northeast Asia. However, agriculture in northeast Asia had been already begun about B.C. 4000-6000 and the origin of culture cannot be decided only by photosensitivity. It has been proved that soybeans found in Korea were same as the ones of B.C. 2000. The soybeans of northeast Asia meet the conditions of the probable place of origin of cultivated crops established by Vabilov. Accordingly it is concluded that soybean has been originated from northeast Asia.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.154-164
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• 2019

Four strains of Penicillium and Talaromyces species are described and illustrated in an inventory of fungal species belonging to Eurotiales. The strains, CNUFC-DDS17-1, CNUFC-DDS27-1, CNUFC-PTM72-1, and CNUFC-YJW3-31, were isolated from soil and freshwater samples from South Korea. Based on their morphological characteristics and sequence analyses by the combined b-tubulin and calmodulin gene, the CNUFC-DDS17-1, CNUFC-DDS27-1, CNUFC-PTM72-1, and CNUFC-YJW3-31 isolates were identified as Penicillium pasqualense, Penicillium sanguifluum, Talaromyces apiculatus, and Talaromyces liani, respectively. The designated strains were found to represent a previously undescribed species of Korean fungal biota. In this study, detailed morphological descriptions and phylogenetic relationships of these species are provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1515-1522
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• 2008

Monitoring the pesticide residues in agricultural products is essential to protect consumers, obtain data for risk assessment, and ensure fair trade practices. We developed a multi-residue method for the analysis of 37 pesticides with different physico-chemical properties in agricultural products and analyzed the amount of pesticide residues on about 1,000 samples circulated in South Korea. The samples consisted of 26 different types of agricultural products selected at markets in 14 major cities; cereals (2 species), nuts (1 species) potatoes (1 species), beans (2 species), fruits (3 species), vegetables (16 species), and mushrooms (1 species). In this study, residual pesticides were detected in 23 samples (2.2%) and one sample was detected to be over maximum residue limits (MRLs, 0.1%) for pesticides in foods by the Korea food code. In leafy vegetables such as pepper leaves, radish leaves, cham-na-mul, shin-sun-cho, crown daisy, chwi-na-mul and citrus fruits such as kumquat, 8 kinds of pesticides were detected. Specially, diazinon were detected over MRLs and also, endosulfan, ethoprophos and phenthoate were detected frequently. Based on these results, we investigated the risk assesment from amount of residual pesticide, total %ADI was 1.262%, but the value has not effected on human health.