• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.243-257
• /
• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution characteristics, source identification, and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in particulate matter 10 (PM-10), in Gwangju. PM-10 samples were collected from September 2021 to August 2022 from three sampling sites, one located in each of the following areas: green, residential, and industrial. The average concentrations of PAHs were found to be higher in the industrial area (9.75±6.51 ng/㎥) than in the green (6.90±2.41 ng/㎥) and residential (6.74±2.38 ng/㎥) areas. Throughout the year and across all sites, five-ring PAHs accounted for the largest proportion (29.8-34.5%) of all PAHs. The concentrations of PAHs showed distinct seasonal variations, with the highest concentration observed in winter, followed by autumn, spring, and summer. Source apportionment analyses were performed using diagnostic ratios and principal component analyses, which indicated that coal/biomass combustion and vehicle emissions were the primary sources of PAHs in PM-10. The incremental lifetime cancer risk was estimated for all age groups at all sampling sites, and the results revealed a much lower risk level than the standard acceptable risk level (1×10^-6).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.106-112
• /
• 2011

This study developed preliminary assessment methodology for priority listing of soil and groundwater contamination sources, considering source characteristics, local environments and risk receptors. Source characteristics were evaluated by scoring relative risk of contamination sources. Local environments were evaluated by scoring annual rainfall, hydraulic conductivity of aquifer, and annual groundwater use. Risk receptors were evaluated by scoring local population, direct distance to surface water, direct distance to drinking-water wells. Scores of each parameter were allocated by analysing distribution of parameter values obtained from government databases. Distributed scores of source characteristics local environments: risk receptors were 12 : 12 : 12. The preliminary assessment scored 0 to 36 for each soil and groundwater sources. Inventory of soil and groundwater sources consisted of 7 categories. This study applied the preliminary assessment methodology to Manan-Gu, Anyang City, Korea. The number of car repair and washing facility was the largest in the contamination source inventory. Petroleum storage facilities showed the highest assessment score. The preliminary assessment methodology also indicated that Anyang-Dong was the priority section among Anyang-Dong, Suksu-Dong, Bakdal-Dong. This study is the first trial for relative ranking soil and groundwater contamination sources by considering source and local characteristics. Therefore, further researches and revision of the preliminary assessment methodology need to be pursued for various applications.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.82-88
• /
• 2013

Objectives: Unprotected leisure time exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or artificial tanning beds is the most important environmental risk factor for melanoma, a malignant skin cancer with increasing incidences over the past decades. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of skin health information provided by several sources and different publishing issues on knowledge, risk perception, and sun protective behavior of sunbathers. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among Austrian residents (n=563) spending leisure time outdoors in August 2010. Results: Print media, television, and family were perceived as the most relevant sources of information on skin health, whereas the source physician was only ranked as fourth important source. Compared to other sources, information provided by doctors positively influenced participants' knowledge on skin risk and sun protective behavior resulting in higher scores in the knowledge test (p=0.009), higher risk perception (p<0.001), and more sun protection (p<0.001). Regarding gender differences, internet was more often used by males as health information source, whereas females were more familiar with printed information material in general. Conclusions: The results of this survey put emphasis on the demand for information provided by medical professionals in order to attain effective, long-lasting promotion of photoprotective habits.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.58 no.1
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2009

Grounding systems set the reference voltage level of electric circuits and suppress the Ground Potential Rise (GPR) by flowing fault currents to the ground safely. There are several parameters which evaluate the performance of grounding systems as ground resistance, touch voltage and step voltage. The touch and step voltages, which is called "risk voltage", are especially important to ensure the safety of human body. This paper dealt with the influence of current sources with the different frequency components on the touch and the step voltages. Three types of current sources as commercial frequency, square wave, and surge with the fast risetime of $50\;ns{\sim}500\;ns$ were used to analyze the risk voltages in a grounding system. The risk voltages showed remarkable difference in the same current amplitude depending on the current sources, and increased linearly with the current amplitude in the same current source. From the experimental results, it was confirmed that the risk voltages can be evaluated by a small current application in large-scale grounding systems and the possible largest risk voltage can be calculated by a surge current with the risetime of 200 ns or a current source with the same frequency component as the surge current.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.21 no.6 s.78
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2006

The paper considers the electrical shock risk of the human body due to underwater leakage current in electric field. The characteristics of electric shock in fresh water due to the leakage of submerged electric facility in the bathtub in public baths were conducted. The exposed live electrode is modeled as a point source of electric current source. It is assumed that divergent monopole field exists in the vicinity of the current source, regardless of the presence of return electrode and insulating boundary. The electric potentials in the steel bathtub, Diesen and Mole and Flux3D program one are measured according to the distance from leakage source. The results show that the increased shock risk and safe distance are estimated by the bathtub of limited width and the voltage calculated on the basis of a divergent monopole field concept is compared with the measured value.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.421-427
• /
• 2017

Seismic safety evaluation of weir structure is significant considering the catastrophic economical consequence of operational disruption. In recent years, the seismic probabilistic risk assessment (SPRA) has been issued as a key area of research for the hydraulic system to mitigate and manage the risk. The aim of this paper is to assess the seismic probabilistic risk of weir structures employing the seismic hazard and the structural fragility in Korea. At the first stage, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) approach is performed to extract the hazard curve at the weir site using the seismic and geological data. Thereafter, the seismic fragility that defines the probability of structural collapse is evaluated by using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method in accordance with the four different design limit states as failure identification criteria. Consequently, by combining the seismic hazard and fragility results, the seismic risk curves are developed that contain helpful information for risk management of hydraulic structures. The tensile stress of the mass concrete is found to be more vulnerable than other design criteria. The hazard deaggregation illustrates that moderate size and far source earthquakes are the most likely scenario for the site. In addition, the annual loss curves for two different hazard source models corresponding to design limit states are extracted.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.450-459
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of the clothing purchasing situation on the preceived risk and information search behavior. Data were obtained from 369 students who were studying in Semyung University. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Students gave the clothing to their favorites as a gift 1 to 2 times in a year. And they thought self using purchasing was more important than gift giving purchasing. 2. In gift giving purchasing, perceived risks were higher than self using purchasing. But the economic risk was the exception. In that case, students showed more information search behavior except family search source. 3. According to the situation, main and interactive effect of sex and involvement level on perceived risk and information search behavior were significant. In self using purchasing, involvement level had the main effect to the type of information search behavior. But the family search source was the exception Also in gift giving purchasing, they showed the same results. In self using purchasing, main effects of sex and involvement level on perceived risk were significant. Also in gift giving purchasing, they showed the same results, but the socio-psychological risk was the exception.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 2012

Network port scan attack is the method for finding ports opening in a local network. Most existing IDSs(intrusion detection system) record the number of packets sent to a system per unit time. If port scan count from a source IP address is higher than certain threshold, it is regarded as a port scan attack. The degree of risk about source IP address performing network port scan attack depends on attack count recorded by IDS. However, the measurement of risk based on the attack count may reduce port scan detection rates due to the increased false negative for slow port scan. This paper proposes a method of summarizing 4 types of information to differentiate network port scan attack more precisely and comprehensively. To integrate the riskiness, we present a risk index that quantifies the risk of port scan attack by using PCA. The proposed detection method using risk index shows superior performance than Snort for the detection of network port scan.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.197-201
• /
• 2001

A risk analysis consists of a triplet, , where Si is the scenario identification; Pi is the probability of each scenario; and Xi is the consequences of each scenario. A new computing framework, OMAM (ORIGEN-MAAP4-MMCS), has been developed and applied for assessing the risk of a reference plant as well as radiation source terms using the concept of risk triplet. The result of this study using the OMAM framework presented in this paper, can contribute to producing domestic nuclear power plant's risk data base as well as to establishing severe accident management plans.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.02a
• /
• pp.16-24
• /
• 2010

This paper introduces the applications of Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System (TELES), which is developed by the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE). Seismic disaster simulation technology (SDST) integrates geographical information system to assess the distribution of ground shaking intensity, ground failure probability, building damages, casualties, post-quake fires, debris, lifeline interruptions, economic losses, etc. given any set of seismic source parameters. The SDST may integrate with Taiwan Rapid Earthquake Information Release System (TREIRS) developed by Central Weather Bureau (CWB) to obtain valuable information soon after large earthquakes and to assist in decision-making processes to dispatch rescue and medical resources more efficiently. The SDST may also integrate with probabilistic seismic source model to evaluate various kinds of risk estimates, such as average annual loss, probable maximum loss in one event, and exceeding probability curves of various kinds of losses, to help proposing feasible countermeasures and risk management strategies.