• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore college students' expectations on post-college housing and sources of finance to afford housing costs; and perception of housing cost burden. Between May 28, 2012, and June 17, 2012, a questionnaire survey was conducted to undergraduate students in university-A located in non-capital region and 465 useable responses were collected. Major findings are as follows: (1) About 60% of respondents expected to live apart from their parents or relatives within two years from college graduation; (2) Majority of respondents who expected to live apart from their parents or relatives expected to rent housing units and compact non-traditional housing types such as studio units; (3) Major source of finance the respondents expected to afford post-college housing costs was financial supports from their parents and families; (4) Housing cost burden were perceived to have influence even on job decision and respondents with lower parents' income perceived housing cost burden more influential; and (5) In spite of respondents' low financial independence to afford post-college housing costs, finding housing units in areas with relatively lower housing costs seemed not to be an important consideration when choosing post-college housing.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.113-137
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study was to figure out the urban establishing families' economic structures(income, expenditure, assets, first-present-future housing cost etc.), the states of first-present housing, the future housing plans, and the housing preferences. For this purpose 274 establishing families in Seoul and its metro-politan area were interviewed through the standardized questionnares. Finally 264 questionnares were analyzed. The major findings were as follows; 1. The important source of their monthly incomes was the labor income. But there was often the transfer income from their parents. And the important items of monthly expenditures were savings and foods. In higher income classes, the traffic cost was important relatively. 2. It was found that the urban establishing families were very dependent on their parents for their first-present housing costs. The dependency was stronger in high education classes compared to the low. This was the case in future housing costs. 3. The states and changes of first-present housing showed the demands for an apartment, homeowership, and privacy. These tendencies were higher in high education classes compared to low education classes, but the demands for future housing were according to the monthly income. The present locations were determined majorly by the distance from office and parents. 4. Their housing preferences were different from the present housing states. Furnished rental housing, open living space, large common spaces, and common using of unusual appliances etc. were more preferred by high education classes compared to low education classes.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2004

Considering the present development situation of rental apartment since 1982, the supply of rental housing for low-income dwellers has contributed a amount of quantities, but has been deficient qualities in housing policy. To propose the device of remodeling for low-income dwellers in deteriorated apartment, this study investigated the energy consumption of central heating system and the characteristics of maintenance cost in permanent rental apartment. The results of evaluation of alternative heating systems by Life Cycle Costing in permanent rental apartment were as follows; From Life Cycle 15∼20 years by Present Worth Method, the economic heating system of remodeling is central heating system (heat source: B-C oil), unit heating system(natural gas), central heating system(natural gas) in order.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 파급효과가 큰 공동주택에서 지열 냉난방 시스템의 경제성을 아파트 분양평형, 운전시간, 냉난방 및 급탕 설치형태별로 구분하여 초기 공사비 증가, 운전비 절감액, 초기 투자비 회수기간등을 산정하였다. 냉난방 및 급탕 운전시간이 많을수록 초기 공사비 증가액에 비해 운전비용 절감액이 커 초기 투자비 회수기간이 단축되었다. 전용면적이 클수록 투자회수 기간이 길었으며 냉난방 및 급탕 설치형태에서는 냉난방을 지열원, 급탕을 폐열회수한 경우가 초기 투자 회수기간이 가장 짧았다. 기존 시스템(패키지 에어콘, LNG 난방 및 급탕)에 비해 냉난방, 급탕을 모두 지열로 이용하는 경우, 냉난방은 지열, 급탕은 폐열을 이용하는 경우, 냉난방은 지열, 급탕은 LNG인 경우에 공사비가 $m^2$당 각각 약 72,000원, 66,900원, 62,300원 정도 증가하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analysis housing life styles of apartment dwellers by alteration in Ulsan, got hold of the influencing variables of housing life styles and indicated source materials about the plan of alteration of apartment dwellers. As a methodology for this study, questionnaire survey were used. The number of 228 cases were analyzed through SPSS PC+. For the analysis of the data, such techniques were used as reliability analysis, frequence analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis.The major findings of this study were as followings: 1. Housing life styles of apartment dwellers by alteration in Ulsan identified five factors. In order of decreasing importance, these factors included: i)practicality, ii)ornament, iii)the faculty of space, iv) actuality, and v) spending habits. 2. The size of a family, wife's education, income, cost of alteration, and the area of installment sale were the most significant factors that influenced housing life styles of apartment dwellers by alteration in Ulsan.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.868-877
• /
• 2001

This study is to present the typical energy consumption criteria and $CO_2$ exhaust rate in multi-family housing complex by analyzing the energy consumption characteristics. The contents and methodology of this study are as follows; -Examining the documents of maintenance accounts, investigate the cost and its items expended by the annual maintenance in multi-family housing complex. -Survey each consumption of energy sources, maintenance area, location of multi-family housing complex, heating type, and so forth. -After classifying with heating type of multi-family housing complex investigated, Scrutinize the energy consumption by each source. -Analyze the characteristics of energy consumption and $CO_2$ exhaust through multiple regression analyses of maintenance property. -Suggest the typical energy consumption criteria (Mcal/$m^2$.year, Mcal/house.year) and $CO_2$ exhaust rate (kg-c/$m^2$.year, Kg-c/house.year) in multi-family housing complex. the results will come into basic data for estimating energy consumption in multi-family housing complex according to maintenance characteristics.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.306-314
• /
• 2008

General metal welding occurs distortion. Also, reducing distortion is required much cost. Therefore, the purpose of this study is optimization of welding conditions to reduce distortion in welding of monolithic rack housing for modular steering gear. Firstly, heat source for welding was chosen arc and laser. Secondly, it investigated optimizing welding conditions in bead welding by arc and laser heat source, and welding conditions in fillet welding was optimized with welding shapes. Finally, it was measured temperature distribution of welds by infrared camera and angle distortion in fillet welding. As a result, laser welding was superior to arc welding on distortion.

• 토지주택연구
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2012

현행 우리나라 택지조성원가 산정체계는 택지조성과정에서 준공이전에 추정한 조성원가와 조성과정에서 돌발적으로 발생하는 변동요인이 고려된 준공시의 발생원가로 구분된다. 따라서 두 원가사이에 발생되는 격차로 인해 분양가격에 영향을 미치는 발생원가는 산정체계에 대한 문제점을 지적 받아오고 있으므로 발생원가의 객관성을 높이기 위해서는 예측가능한 돌발상황에 대해 조성원가 산정시 반영되는 방안이 모색되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 조성원가와 발생원가 사이에 발생되는 격차율 가운데 예측이 가능한 규모를 유효격차율로 정의하고 각 사업지구의 다양한 특성을 고려한 유효격차율을 추정하고자하였다. 따라서 각 사업지구의 다양한 특성을 유형으로 분류하기 위해 5개의 주제별 카테고리를 설정하고, 카테고리들을 복합화한 복합카테고리를 이용하여 유효격차율을 추정하고자 하였으며 추정모형 검정결과 신뢰성이 매우 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 지속적인 자료축척으로 안정화된 추정모형의 유효격차율이 조성원가에 반영되었을 경우 발생원가와의 격차해소에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제25권11호
• /
• pp.600-605
• /
• 2013

Ground source heat pump systems (GSHP) can achieve higher performance of the system, by supplying more efficient heat source to the heat pump, than the conventional air-source heat pump system. But building clients and designers have hesitated to use GSHP systems, due to expensive initial cost, and uncertain economic feasibility. In order to reduce the initial cost, many researches have focused on the energy-pile system, using the structure of the building as a heat exchanger. Even though several experimental studies for the energy-pile system have been conducted, there was not enough data of quantitative evaluation with economic analysis and comprehensive analysis for the energy-pile. In this study, a prediction method has been developed for the energy pile system with barrette pile, using the ground heat transfer model and ground heat exchanger model. Moreover, a feasibility study for the energy pile system with barrette pile was conducted, by performance analysis and LCC assessment. As a result, it was found that the heat exchange rate of a barrette pile was 2.55 kW, and the payback period using LCC analysis was 8.8 years.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
• /
• pp.686-695
• /
• 1993

A flywheel-type, inclined axis chopper for small-area rice and livestock farmers, has been developed at IRRI Agricultural Engineering, The prototype is belt-driven by a 2.6kW engine and uses four angled blades rotating below a fixed counteredge. Manual feeding is facilitated by a convenient spout presenting the crop to the inclined blade housing and also suction created by the rotating blades . The distance between the rotating blades and the bottom of the housing determines the length of chops, set here for 25 cm. The unit would cost $200 without the engine. Tests with napier grass, corn stalks , and rice straw showed satisfactory performance within the acceptable clearance, speed and moisture content ranges of the material presented. Highest capacities were 1186, 1148 and 744kg/hr for napier grass, corn stalks and rice straw, respectively. Corn stalks required the highest power demand at 2.3kW engine would be adequate as power source. The chopper performance was comparable to higher cost commercial chippers in terms of capacity and specific energy.