• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.84-92
• /
• 2002

이 연구에서는 최근에 개발되어 적용성에 대한 시험이 진행되고 있는 $1\;kHz\~1\;MHz$ 주파수대역의 수평 자기쌍극자를 송신원으로 하여 전기장과 자기장을 측정하는 탐사법의 모델링 알고리듬을 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 공간주파수 영역에서 수평 자기쌍극자를 송신원으로 하는 이차장 Maxwell 방정식을 구성하고 유한요소법을 이용하여 2.5차원 모델링 알고리듬을 구현하였다. 또한, 검증된 층서구조 반응결과와 비교하여 그 정확도를 검증하였다. 개발된 알고리듬을 이용하여 균질 반무한공간 내에 전도성 및 비전도성 고립이상체가 존재하는 2차원 모형에 대한 전기장, 자기장과 임피던스를 계산하였다. 계산된 전기장, 자기장과 임피던스의 거동에 대한 고찰 결과 고립이상체와 같이 2차원 구조에서 전기장과 임피던스가 자기장에 비해 이상체의 탐지에 효과적임을 보였다. 특히, 전기장을 자기장으로 나눈 값인 임피던스는 전기장의 공간 분해능을 가지면서 보다 안정된 결과를 보여 주었다. 따라서 자기장만을 측정하는 기존의 전자탐사법에 비해 전기장과 자기장을 모두 측정하는 탐사법이 천부에 존재하는 이상체의 탐지에 보다 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.330-336
• /
• 2022

This paper proposes a method to calibrate the electrode misplacement in underwater electric field sensor arrays (EFSAs) for accurate measurements of underwater electric field signatures. The electrode misplacement of an EFSA was estimated by measuring the electric field signatures generated by a known electric source and by comparing the measurements with the theoretical calculations under similar measurement conditions. When the EFSA measured the electric field signatures induced by an unknown electric source, the electric properties of the unknown electric source were approximated by considering the optimized estimation of the electrode misplacement of the EFSA. Finally, the measured electric field signatures were calibrated by calculating the theoretical electric field signatures to be measured with an ideally installed EFSA without electrode misplacement; the approximated electric properties of the unknown electric source were also taken into account. Simulations were conducted to test the proposed calibration method. The results showed that the electrode misplacement could be estimated. Further, the electric field measurements and the electric field-based localization of underwater vessels became more accurate after the application of the proposed calibration method. The proposed method will contribute to applications such as the detection and localization of underwater electric sources, which require accurate measurements of underwater electric field signatures.

• 신재생에너지
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2007

This paper demonstrates a computational method in predicting aerodynamic noise generated from wind turbines. Low frequency noise due to displacement of fluid and leading fluctuation, according to the blade passing motion, is modelled on monopole and dipole sources. They are predicted by Farassat 1A equation. Airfoil self noise and turbulence ingestion noise are modelled upon quadrupole sources and are predicted by semi-empirical formulas composed on the groundwork of Brooks et al. and Lowson. Aerodynamic flow in the vicinity of the blade should be obtained first, while noise source modelling need them as numerical inputs. Vortex Lattice Method(VLM) is used to compute aerodynamic conditions near blade. In the use of program X-foil [M.Drela] boundary layer characteristics are calculated to obtain airfoil self noise. Wind turbine blades are divided into spanwise unit panels, and each panel is considered as an independent source. Retarded time is considered, not only in low frequency noise but also In turbulence ingestion noise and airfoil self noise prediction. Numerical modelling is validated with measurement from NREL [AOC15/50 Turbine) and ETSU [Markham's VS45] wind turbine noise measurements.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.810-815
• /
• 2003

Flow-induced noise propagated from flow over a sphere is numerically investigated for laminar flow at Re = 300 and 425, and for turbulent flow at Re = 3700 and $10^4$, where the Reynolds number is based on the freestream velocity and the sphere diameter. The numerical method used for obtaining the flow over a sphere is based on an immersed boundary method in a cylindrical coordinate system. The Curle’s solutions of the Lighthill’s acoustic analogy with and without the far-field and compact-source approximation are used in order to investigate the noise field from flow over a sphere. Since the drag and lift forces change irregularly in time at Re = 425, 3700 and $10^{4}$, the noise propagates in a complicated manner. At Re = 300, 425 and $10^{4}$, the noise from dipole sources is much larger than that from quadrupole sources. On the other hand, at Re = 3700, the quadrupole source becomes dominant. The temporal variation of the flow-induced noise around a sphere is obtained at some observation points, which shows that the peak frequency corresponds to the Strouhal number associated with the wake instability.

• Journal of Hydrospace Technology
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 1995

This paper describes the procedure to predict steady and unsteady performances of a contrarotating propeller(CRP) by a mixed formulation of the boundary value problem(BVP) far the flow around a CRP. The blade BVP is treated by a classical vortex lattice method, whereas the hub BVP is solved by a potential-based panel method. Blades and trailing wakes are represented by a vortex and/or source lattice system, and hubs are represented by normal dipole and source distributions. Both forward and aft propellers are solved simultaneously, thus treating the interaction effect without iteration. The unsteady performance is computed directly in time domain. The new numerical procedure requires a large amount of storage and computing time, which is however no longer a limit in a modern computer system. Sample computations show that the steady performance compares very well with the experiments. The predicted unsteady behavior shows that the dominant harmonics of the total forces are multiples of not only the number of blades of the forward and aft propellers but also the product of both blade numbers. The magnitude of the latter harmonics, present also in uniform oncoming flow, may reach abort 50% of the mean torque for the aft propeller, which in turn may cause a serious vibration problem in the complicated contrarotating shafting system.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2017

Aeroacoustic computation of a fully-developed turbulent pipe flow at $Re_{\tau}=175$ and M = 0.1 is conducted by LES/LPCE hybrid method. The generation and propagation of acoustic waves are computed by solving the linearized perturbed compressible equations (LPCE), with acoustic source DP(x,t)/Dt attained by the incompressible large eddy simulation (LES). The computed acoustic power spectral density is closely compared with the wall shear-stress dipole source of a turbulent channel flow at $Re_{\tau}=175$. A constant decaying rate of the acoustic power spectrum, $f^{-8/5}$ is found to be related to the turbulent bursts of the correlated longitudinal structures such as hairpin vortex and their merged structures (or hairpin packets). The power spectra of the streamwise velocity fluctuations across the turbulent boundary layer indicate that the most intensive noise at ${\omega}^+$ < 0.1 is produced in the buffer layer with fluctuations of the longitudinal structures ($k_zR$ < 1.5).

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 2007

In this study, we developed the 2.5D EM modeling and inversion algorithm for cross-hole source and receiver geometry. Considering the cross-hole environment, we use a VMD (vertical magnetic dipole) as a source and vertical magnetic fields as a measuring data. Developed inversion algorithm is tested for the isolated block model which has a conductive and a resistivity anomaly respectively. For the conductive anomaly, its size and resistivity are inverted well on the inversion results, while for the resistive anomaly, the location of anomalous block is shown on the inverted section, but its values are far from the exact value. Furthermore, artificial conductive anomalies are shown around the resistive anomalous zone. If we consider the inversion artifact shown in the test inversion of restive block, it is almost impossible to image the resistive zone. However, the main target of EM tomography in the engineering problem is conductive target such as fault zone, and contaminated zone etc., EM tomography algorithm can be used for detecting the anomalous zone.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.567-571
• /
• 2004

The 2-dimensional unsteady flows on and around the cambered airfoils were computed by applying LES with the deductive dynamic SGS model. The unsteady flow field were used as inputs to compute the far-field sounds and directivity patterns from rotating blades by a hybrid approach that exploits Farassat's formula. The BEM (Boundary Element Method) was applied to predict the frequency characteristics from the rotating blades for the cases of even- and uneven-pitched fans. The BEM results suggested that the unevenly pitched fan have less pronounced discrete peaks at BEF frequencies, which was confirmed by the experiment.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
• /
• pp.191-194
• /
• 2002

We analyzed radiation characteristics of dipole antenna in a lossy 9round with conducting object located above ground. Electric field integral equation is used to solve the problem. In this integral equation, GPOF(Generalized Pencil of Function) method is applied to derive the closed form of the electric field due to a current source. Surface current on a conductor is expanded with a well-known vector triangle basis function. The singular integration of a triangle patch is transformed to the non-singular integration by Duffy's method. This transformed non-singular integration is easily calculated by using one-dimensional Gaussian quadrature rule, instead of usual closed form evaluation.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2000

대형 부유식 해양 구조물은 끝부분을 제외하고 작은 운동 특성을 보여주지만, 구조물 각 끝부분의 운동은 유탄성운동에 기인하여 더욱 크게 된다. 본 논문에서는 불규칙파 중에서 초대형 부유식 해양 구조물 운동 특성에 관한 수치적 추정을 제시한다. 불규칙파 중 구조물의 운동을 추정하기 위하여 소오스-다이폴 분포법과 유한요소법이 사용된다.