• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.641-644
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• 2005

This study reveals some recent attempt in modeling empirically obtained B&K HATS (Head and Torso Simulator) HRTFs (Head Related Transfer Functions) to Isolate parameters that stimulate lateral and elevation perception. Localization using non-individual HRTFs often yields poor performance in synthesizing virtual sound sources when applied to a group of individuals due to differences in size and shape of head, pinnae, and torso. For realization of both effective and efficient virtual audio it is necessary to develop a method to tailor a given set of non-individual HRTFs to fit each listener without measuring his/her HRTF set. Pole-zero modeling is applied to fit HRIRs (Head Related Impulse Responses) and modeling criterions for determining suitable number of parameters are suggested for efficient modeling. Horizontal HRTFs are modeled as minimum-phase transfer functions with appropriate ITDs (Interaural Time Delay) obtained from RTF (Ray Tracing Formula) to better fit the size of listener's head for usage in simple virtualizer algorithms without complex regularization processes. Result of modeling HRTFs in the median plane is shown and parameters responsible for elevation perception are isolated which can be referred to in the future study of developing customizable HRTFs.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

Service quality is a competitive weapon in the banking industry. Better understanding of customer's perception of service quality in the banking industry and the drivers of such perceptions will be a sound basis for continuous improvement in the quality of service offered to customers, customer satisfaction and customer retention in the industry. An earlier study by the same authors (Ibrahim and Bokkasam, 2016) revealed that the six SERVQUAL determinants are significantly related to and explain about 84% of overall customer satisfaction. It was also observed that the female customers perceived higher level of positive perception towards SERVQUAL determinants. The present study carries out a micro-analysis of the influence of gender on the constituents of the service quality and customer satisfaction for all the six dimensions of the SERVQUAL: Access, Communication, Competence, Tangibility, Empathy and Reliability, in Saudi banking sector. The study also analyses gender-wise levels of satisfactions with regard to individual components constituting various factors of the constituents of SERVQUAL. It was observed that the male customers have significantly low levels of satisfactions with regard to promptness in solving conflicting issues and comfort during waiting time in the bank.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2022

Although research on the leader's or speaker's voice has been continuously conducted, existing research has a single point of view. Sound analysis of voice characteristics has been studied from engineering perspectives, and leadership trait theory has been studied from a business perspective. Convergence studies on leader voice and member cognition are being attempted today. Convergence research on voice has a positive effect on refinement of voice analysis, diversification of voice use, and establishment of voice utilization strategy. This study explains the current flow of research on convergence between speaker's voice and listener's perception, and suggests a direction for the future development of voice fusion research. Furthermore, in connection with AI in the 4th industrial age, new attempts for voice research are sought. First, advances in AI focus on strategically generating the voices needed for individual situations. Second, the voice corrected in real time will support the leader and speaker to utilize the desired voice type. Third, voices through AI based on big data will affect the cognition, attitude and behavior of individual listeners who members, customers, and students in more diverse situations. The purpose and significance of this study is to suggest the way to research the leader's voice recognized by members, and to suggest a method that can be applied in various situations.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.581-587
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the effect of the simplification for low frequency region in Head-Related Transfer Function(HRTF) on the sound localization. For this purpose, HRTF was measured and analyzed. The result in the standard deviation of HRTF showed that the directional dependence of low frequency was smaller than that of high frequency region, which means the possibility of simplification in the low frequency region. Simplification was performed by flattening of the low frequency amplitude characteristics with the insertion of the high-pass filter, whose cutoff frequency is given by boundary frequency. Auditory experiments were performed to evaluate the simplified HRTF. The result showed that direction perception was not influenced by the simplification of the frequency characteristics of HRTF for the error of sound localization. The rate of confusion for the front and back was not affected by the simplification of the frequency characteristics within 1kHz of HRTF. Finally, we made it clear that the sound localization was not affected by the simplification of frequency characteristics of HRTF within 1kHz. The result is expected to be utilized to reduce the size of speech information with no deterioration of the directional characteristics of the speech signal.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.83-94
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• 2016

Providing a voice alarm to drivers approaching a work zone could be an effective alternative to mitigate the potential safety problems of the work zone. This study conceived a voice alarm with a direction sound speaker and a field test was conducted that evaluated the feasibility of the voice alarm at a highway work zone. During the field study, we carried out on-site driver surveys to obtain drivers' perception and preference, collected approaching speeds, and measured sound level during the off-peak 2-hour for two days, respectively. The results showed that while the voice alarm has the potential to be an effective tool in improving safety, the alternative appeared to have the negative effect of noise. Further refinement to a voice alarm with a directional speaker is required to improve feasibility, and the results are expected to be utilized as basic data useful for the refinement.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 2001

Recently, a 5-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) reverberation model was proposed as a method of representing subjective perception of reverberation as objective measures[1]. This model approximates sound energy decay curve by five objective measures, widely used in which have been concert hall acoustics. However, it is note worthy that there can be infinite number of impulse responses which correspond to a selected 5-DOF reverberation model. There may exist some filters making very unnatural and unrealistic sound. In this paper, the limitation of the 5-DOF reverberation model when it is used as a filter design criteria is investigated. When a 5-DOF reverberation model is given, additional constraints to get natural reverberation are suggested. This is based on the listening tests for several quite different source sounds.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.893-898
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• 2019

Time-frequency representations are methods to display the magnitude or energy density of a signal on the two dimensional plane of both time and frequency. They are useful in analyzing the characteristics of time-varying signals. Music is a typical time-varying signal, and it can be analyzed by time-frequency representations. Recently, it is popular to change the sound quality by attaching a safety sounder to an instrument. It is performed to improve perception subjectively by spending little cost and modifying sound quality. In time domain, it is difficult to notify the difference between music signals with and without the sounder. But, it is easy to find the difference in frequency domain or in time-frequency domain. In this paper, the music signal from a flute with sounder is analyzed both in the frequency domain and in the time-frequency domain. It is confirmed that the frequency components in the mid-frequency range of 500~2500 are reinforced.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.35
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• pp.329-346
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• 2014

Art is the product from the combination of politics, economy, and social and cultural aspects. Recent development of digital media has affected on the expansion of visual expression in art. Digital media allow artists to use sound and physical interaction as well as image as an plastic element for making a work of art. Also, digital media help artists create an interactive, synaesthetic and visual perceptive environment by combining viewers' physical interaction with the reconstruction of image, sound, light, and among other plastic elements. This research was focused on the analysis of the relationship between images in art work and the viewer and data visualization using sound from the perspective of visual perception. This research also aimed to develop an interactive art by visualizing physical data with sound generating from outer stimulus or the viewer. Physical data generating from outer sound can be analyzed in various aspects. For example, Sound data can be analyzed and sampled within pitch, volume, frequency, and etc. This researcher implemented a new form of media art through the visual experiment of LED light triggered by sound frequency generating from viewers' voice or outer physical stimulus. Also, this researcher explored the possibility of various visual image expression generating from the viewer's reaction to illusionary characteristics of light(LED), which can be transformed within external physical data in real time. As the result, this researcher used a motif from Piet Mondrian's Broadway Boogie Woogie in order to implement a visual perceptive interactive work reacting with sound. Mondrian tried to approach at the essence of visual object by eliminating unnecessary representation elements and simplifying them in painting and making them into abstraction consisting of color, vertical and horizontal lines. This researcher utilized Modrian's simplified visual composition as a representation metaphor in oder to transform external sound stimulus into the element of light(LED), and implemented an environment inducing viewers' participation, which is a dynamic composition maximizing a synaesthetic expression, differing from Modrian's static composition.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.715-729
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception on science and scientists of the teachers who are engaged in the special education for the scientifically gifted, science-gifted students and their parents. For this study, 34 teachers, 222 students and 107 parents answered the questionnaire of the perception on science and Draw-A-Science-Test (DAST). The result showed that the three groups generally had a sound recognition but the score of recognition about a 'nature of science' was lower than other domains. The science-gifted students had less cognition about 'science and society' than their teachers and parents, but they had more positive perception about 'science learning' than their parents significantly. All of the three groups had the stereotyped image of scientist. About the internal images of scientists, three groups had a similar perception, and they showed higher scores in the cognitive aspect than emotional or ethical aspects. And the science-gifted students showed the significantly higher scores than their teachers and parents in diligence, imaginative power, concern about other people, respect for other's opinion, humor, artistic sense, respect for human, desire for peace. Three groups turned out to be influenced by movie, science journal, and biography as a source of scientist's image, but their contribution was different among groups.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to compare physicochemical, microbial, and antioxidant properties of domestic and imported wheat kernels for bread making. Two domestic (JK1, 2) and three imported (ND, DNS, and CWRS) kernels were compared. Domestic kernels had higher moisture contents, and lower ash and protein contents (p<0.05). In grain characteristics, JK1 had 13.62% of damaged kernels, which was the highest among the samples (p<0.05). JK2 was similar to imported kernels in the ratio of sound kernels, foreign materials, and damaged kernels. Kernel size of JK1, 2 was larger than the imported kernels; therefore, kernels area and perimeter were higher by the image analyzer. Domestic kernels hid lower total aerobic counts the imported kernels (p<0.05). Domestic kernels and DNS had no yeast, while NS and CWRS had yeast in kernels. DNS (3.08 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) had the highest total polyphenol content (TPC), followed by JK1 (2.81 mg GAE/g). JK2 had the lowest amount of TPC as 2.26 mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid content (TFC) was the highest in DNS as 0.44 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g and JK2 was the lowest as 0.12 mg CE/g. Domestic wheat kernels had lower protein content and lightness than the imported wheat kernels so that flour from domestic wheat kernels may have lower quality for baking.