• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.194.1-194.1
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• 2002

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2001

Sophoricoside was isolated as the inhibitor of IL-5 bioactivity from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae). It has been reported to has an anti-inflammatory effect on rat paw edema model. To develope as an anti-allergic drug, genotoxicity of sophoricoside was investigated in bacterial and mammalian cell system such as Ames bacterial reversion test, chromosomal aberration assay and single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. As results, in the range of 1,250~40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate sophoricoside concentrations was not shown significant mutagenic effects in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 strains in Ames test. The 80% cell growth inhibition concentration (IC/SUB 80/) of sophoricoside was determined as above 5,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cell and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line for the chromosomal aberration and comet assay, respectively. Sophoricoside was not induced chromosomal aberration in CHL fibroblast cell at concentrations of 700, 350 and 175 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ or 600, 300 and 150 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ in the absence or presence of S-9 metabolic activation system, respectively. Also, in the comet assay, the induction of DNA damage was not observed in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line both in the absence or presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. From these results, no genotoxic effects of sophoricoside were observed in bacterial and mammalian cell systems used in these experiments.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.306-311
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• 2003

Soy, high dietary intake for the oriental population, is a main source of isoflavonoids. Sophoricoside (SOP) an isoflavone glycoside was isolated from immature fruits of Sophora japonica (Leguminosae family) and its inhibitory effect on chemical mediators involved in inflammatory response was investigated in this study. SOP inhibited the interleukin (IL)-6 bioactivity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 6.1 $\mu$M whereas it had no effects on IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-a bioactivities. SOP was identified as a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 4.4 $\mu$ M, but did not show inhibitory effect on the synthesis of COX-2. However, SOP had no effect on the production of reactive oxygen species including superoxide anions and nitric oxide. These results revealed that in vitro anti-inflammatory action of SOP is significantly different from that of genistein known as a phytoestrogen of soy products. This experimental study has documented an importance of dietary soy isoflavonoids as multifunctional agents beneficial to human health, and will help to clarify protective mechanisms of SOP against inflammatory conditions.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2008

In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects by kaempferol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-sophoroside (KS) isolated from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin ($PGE_2$) production by RAW 264.7 cell line compared with kaempferol. KS significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ production. Consistent with these observations, KS reduced the LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein and mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the release and the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also reduced by KS. Moreover, KS attenuated the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF{-\kappa}B$), a transcription factor necessary for pro-inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 expression. These results suggest that the down regulation of iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6 expression by KS are achieved by the downregulation of $NF{-\kappa}B$ activity, and that is also responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.291-297
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• 2013

Sophorae Flos (SF), a composite of flowers and flower-buds of Sophora japonica, has long been used in traditional Korean and Chinese medicines for the treatment of hemostasis and inflammation. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory effect of four EtOH extracts at the difference in blooming stages of flowers on LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. We classified the flowers of Sophora japonica with SF-1 (length of flower is shorter than calyx), SF-2 (length of calyx is shorter than flower), SF-3 (full bloom), and SF-4 (not blooming at all). We examined HPLC analysis, whether quercetin and rutin are major component of these Sophorae Flos extracts or not. As a result, SF-1 contained quercetin, but the others did not. In addition, quercetin, SF-1, and SF-4 act on the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation in RAW264.7 cells. Of these, SF-1 showed the best anti-inflammatory effect. These results suggest that Sophorae Flos with the highest content of quercetin would be used for the treatment of various inflammation diseases.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

Natural dyeing has traditionally been used in many countries around the world, and as natural dyes are diversified, the diversity of dyeing patterns is also expanding. This study tried to establish standardization by providing numerical values that could provide quantified information to the Internet of Things by more accurately analyzing the color changes of dyes and mordants for the four natural dyes. The addition of copper acetate, iron II sulfate and potassium dichromate to the dye extracted from Juglans regia Linn changed the original color of brown to other colors of purple, khaki and dark brown, respectively. Except for potassium dichromate added to Sophora japonica L. or Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht, the concentration of other mordants was reduced, but the color difference of the dyed silk was very large. However, although there is a difference in degree, copper acetate and iron sulfate induced color changes of 35% and 15%, respectively. In summary, it was confirmed that the highest color change was induced when 15 grams of copper acetate was added to J. regia Linn, S. japonica L. and P. amurense Ruprecht and 150 grams of iron to Phytolacca americana. The results of this study suggested that the accurate color change by various mordants can be utilized as important information that enables more accurate color induction by dyes and mordants.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 1991

The study was performed to select a adaptable tree species under stressed field conditions where there are a industrial plants operating with a number of smoke stacks emitting pollutants, such as hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide. As a result of the study, a tree species selected are due to construct a forest belt in a zones near industrial plants to reduce the concentrations of air pollutants. The concentrations of atmospheric hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide were very higher at experimental sites near industrial plants (air-pollution sites) than at control site. The leaves of 7 tree species grown at air pollution sites contained more sulfur and, specially, fluorine than at those control site. Among the tested tree species, Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. and Euonymus japonica Thunb. grown at air pollution sites did not at all break out a foliar injury but appeared to be healthy, as well as those grown at control site. Acer pseudo-sieboldianum Kom., Pinus virginiana Mill., Larix leptolepis Gordon., Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus strobus L., Picea abies Karst and Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. et Zucc., however, showed a severe fluoride-type foliar injury such as necrosis on tip or margin of leaves, etc. Fluorine found in leaves was proved to be correlated to sulfur found in leaves whereas index of foliar injury hadn't a good correlation to pollutants found in leaves. It appears that Euonymus japonica Thunb., Ligustrum japonica Thunb., Platanus acerifolia Willd, Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee and Sophora japonica L. grown at both experimental sites had a high value of percent survival whereas Pinus virginiana Mill., Pinus koraiensis Sib. et Zucc., Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. and Alnus hirsuta Rupr. had an extremely low value of that. In comparison with control site, the percent tree height increments in Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Quercus acutissima Carruth., Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee, Pinus thunbergii Parl and Euonymus japonica Thunb. and the percent upmost root diameters in Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee, Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Euonymus japonica Thunb., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara and Pinus thunbergii Parl. cultivated at air polluted sites showed very high value above 90%, respectively. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.662) was recognized between the index of foliage injury and the percent collective character, which was the mean of tree characters such as percent survival, percent tree height increment and percent upmost root diameter increment which compared to those at air polluted site with those at control site. Based on the percent collective character Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Euonymus japonica Thunb., Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Populus tomentiglandlosa T. Lee, Betula platyphyla var. japonica Hara and Platanus occidentalis L. have large value about 90%, respectively. Therefore, the results indicate that this tree species are adaptable species in air polluted regions. For better understanding of the adaptable tree species, furthur studies concerning the effects of various air pollutants on the tree growth are required.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.394-400
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• 2013

At a time when the demand for environmentally friendly products is soaring, the fashion industry is following suit. The industry is showing particular interest in natural-dyed products. Against this backdrop, this study conducted a literature review on the history of natural dyeing for textiles and on the types of natural dyes. In addition, this study identified recent trends in the fashion industry and applied the findings from the literature review to those trends. Through this process, possibilities for new designs were suggested. This study proposed designs for various items-t shirts, one-piece dresses, blouses, skirts, and knitwear-by using threads and textiles dyed from mugwort, Polygonum indigo, safflowers, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and Sophora japonica flowers. This study is also meaningful in that it broadens the boundaries of design for natural-dyed fashion products. To that end, various designs were attempted by combining natural-dyed textiles or knits with leather, denim, and fur.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.314.2-315
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• 2003

Sophoricoside was isolated as the inhibitor of IL-5 bioactivity from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae). To develope as novel anti-allergic drug. kinetic study was performed in rats. Serum concentration of sophoricoside was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in male Sprague-Dawley rat (250${\pm}$10g, n=5) after oral administration of sophoricoside (100mg/kg). (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.354.3-355
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• 2002

Interleukin (IL)-5 appears to be one of the main proinflammatory mediators among a growing number of cytokines and chemokines that induce eosinophilic inflammation. Sophoricoside and their analogs isolated from Sophora japonica show relatively potent inhibitory activity of interleukin (IL)-5 as a small molecule. To identify structural requirements of this isoflavonone for its inhibitory activity against IL -5. isoflavonones. isoflavanones, and their glycosides were prepared and tested their inhibitory activity against IL-5. (omitted)