• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.170-178
• /
• 2005

Multi-hole type oxygen combustion burner was developed for industrial gasification and smelting furnace. We investigated characteristics of flame, radiation transfer, and soot emission in the convectional oxygen burner with respect to the feeding condition of fuel and oxygen. Regarding the results of the conventional burner, we designed new burners which have larger fuel consumption rate and radiation heat transfer. We changed the size and hole number and shape of the exit plane of the burner. In addition, the performance of the burner was tested with respect to the feeding condition of the fuel and air: Normal Diffusion flame(NDF) and Inverse Diffusion Flame(IDF). We investigated the flame configuration, radiation heat transfer, and soot formation by using a CCD camera, heat flux meter, and Laser Induced Incadescence(LII), respectively. The stable operating condition was obtained by the flame configuration and the flame of the burner which has dented exit plane was more stable in whole operating conditions. The characteristics of radiative heat transfer were sensitive to the feeding condition of reactants and the flame of 75% primary oxygen and 25% secondary oxygen of the IDF case shows maximum radiation heat transfer. The soot volume fraction of the flame was measured in the axial direction of the flame and the amount of soot volume fraction is proportion to the radiation heat transfer. As a result, we can get the optimal operating condition of the newly designed burner which enhances the characteristics of flame stabilization and radiation heat transfer.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2002

The distribution of volume fraction, mean diameter and number density of soot particles are measured quantitatively in a co-flow ethylene diffusion flame using a simultaneous LII/LIS measurement technique. The LII/LIS system and the measured values are, respectively, calibrated and evaluated by comparing to the informations obtained from laser light. extinction/scattering experiments, LII signal shows some sensitivity to the laser light intensity when laser power density exceeds a certain value(threshold). It is also found that there is an optimal laser intensity and a delay time in order to obtain the best result using the simultaneous LII/LIS measurement technique.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.20 no.4 s.72
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 2005

A underground room fire was simulated to investigate the effects of smoke exhaust on temperature visibility, soot etc. in the room. A room of $6m{\times}6m{\times}2.5m$ with a door of $0.9{\times}2.0m$ and a 0.5MW polystyrene fire in the room were considered. Temperature, visibility, CO volume fraction and soot were compared for the exhaust velocity at a vent located at the ceiling, 0, 1.2, and 2.4m/s, respectively. Results showed that increasing exhaust velocity decreased room temperature, CO and soot and increased visibility.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.204-210
• /
• 2016

This paper presents an experimental analysis of the growth and oxidation processes of soot particles generated in an isooctane diffusive laminar flame due to incomplete combustion. The effects of iron-based diagnostics were employed to measure the elastic scattering light from soot particles in a flame at different flame heights, and the differential scattering coefficients were calculated through a calibration process. The growth and oxidation of soot particles in flame was investigated by comparing differential scattering coefficients, and the soot volume fraction was seen to decrease in the soot oxidation process. In the same manner, the differential scattering coefficients were calculated for iron-based fuel-additive seeded flame, and these coefficients were revealed to be smaller than those obtained in the fuel-additive unseeded flame. In addition, transmission through the radial direction of the flame was measured, and transmission in the soot oxidation regime was approximately 5% higher for the seeded flame. The propensity of the data coincided well with the differential scattering coefficients, and it can be concluded that the iron component of the fuel additive plays a crucial role as a catalyst, which eventually enhanced soot particle oxidation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.641-646
• /
• 2016

Soot particles generated by fossil fuel combustion normally have fractal morphology with aggregates consisting of small spherical particles. Thus, Rayleigh or Mie elastic light scattering theory is not feasible for determining the fractal properties of soot aggregates. This paper describes a detailed process for applying Rayleigh-Debye Gans (RDG) scattering theory to effectively extract the morphological properties of any nano-scale particles. The fractal geometry of soot aggregates produced from an isooctane diffusion flame was observed using ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after thermophoretic sampling. RDG scattering theory was then used to analyze their fractal morphology, and various properties were calculated, such as the diameter of individual soot particles, number density, and volume fraction. The results show indiscernible changes during the soot growth process, but a distinct decreasing trend was observed in the soot oxidation process. The fractal dimension of the soot aggregates was determined to be around 1.82, which is in good agreement with that produced for other types of fuel. Thus, it can be concluded that the value of the fractal dimension is independent of the fuel type.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.30 no.10 s.253
• /
• pp.973-981
• /
• 2006

Recently there is an increasing interest in particulate matter emission because of new emission regulations, health awareness and environmental problems. It requires to improve particulate measurement techniques as well as to reduce soot emissions from combustion systems. As mentioned above, it is demanded that reduction techniques together with measurement techniques of exhausted particulate matters in combustion systems such as vehicles. However, measurement techniques of particulate matters should be prior to reduction techniques of that because it is able to know an increase and a decrease of exhausted particulate matters when measured particulate matters. Therefore, in this study, we report the measurement of soot primary-particle size using time-resolved laser induced incandescence (TIRE-LII) technique in laminar ethylene diffusion flame. As an optical method, laser induced incandescence is one of well known methods to get information for spatial and temporal soot volume fraction and soot primary particle size. Furthermore, TIRE-LII is able to measure soot primary particle size that is decided to solve the decay ate of signal S $(t_1)$ and S $(t_2)$ at two detection time. In laminar ethylene diffusion flame, visual flame height is 40 mm from burner tip and measurement points are height of 15, 20, 27.5, 30 mm above burner tip along radial direction. As increasing the height of the flame from burne. tip, primary particle size was increased to HAB(Height Above Burner tip)=20mm, and then decreased from HAB=27.5 mm to 30 mm. This results show the growth and oxidation processes for soot particles formed by combustion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2012

In order to investigate the effect of n-heptane mixing on PAH and soot formation, small amount of n-heptane has been mixed in counterflow ethylene diffusion flame. Laser-induced incandescene and laser-induced fluorescene techniques were employed to measure soot volume fraction and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) concentration, respectively. Results showed that the mixing of n-heptane in ethylene diffusion flame produces more PAHs and soot than those of pure ethylene flame. However, signals of LIF for 20% n-heptane mixture flame were lower than that of pure ethylene flame. It can be considered that the enhancement of PAH and soot formation by the n-heptane mixing of ethylene can be explained by methyl($CH_3$) radical in the low temperature region. And it can be found that reaction rate of H radical for 10% n-heptane plays a crucial role for benzene formation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2006

Recently particulate matter(PM) emission regulations are becoming more strict for diesel engines. There is increasing interest for measuring not only concentration but also size of the particles. Laser-induced incandescence (LII) has emerged as a promising technique for measuring particle volume fraction and size. In this study, the Simple Time Resolved-LII method was applied to exhaust of Ethylene diffusion flame and diesel engine exhaust for measuring soot and PM size. The particle size data from LII technique were calibrated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope(FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) photographs. In diesel engine experiments for particle size measurement, results from LII measurement are in a good agreement with those from TEM photograph, and difference between two measurements was less than 16%.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2009

An experimental investigation was conducted to analyze the effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-diesel blended fuels on the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions, and size distributions of particulate matter in a single cylinder diesel engine. The three types of test fuel were biodiesel and two blended fuels which were added ethanol and diesel by 20 % volume based fraction into biodiesel, respectively. In this study, the injection rate, combustion pressure, exhaust emissions and size distributions of particulate matter were measured under various injection timings and injection pressures. The experimental results show that biodiesel-ethanol blended fuel has lengthened ignition delay and low combustion pressure in comparison with those of biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blended fuel even if all fuels indicated similar trends of injection rate under equal injection pressures. In addition, the ethanol blended fuel significantly reduced nitrogen oxidies (NOx) and soot emissions. And then the size distribution of particulate matters shows that blended fuels restrain the formation of particles which were beyond the range of 150nm comparison with biodiesel fuel.