• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.325-333
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• 2016

Chinese Mathematics during the period of Jin (1115-1234) and Yuan (1271-1368) is an integral part of the high achievements of traditional mathematics during the Song (962-1279) and Yuan dynasties, which is another peak in the history of Chinese mathematics, following the footsteps of the high accomplishments during the Warring States period (475-221 BCE), the Western Han (206 BCE-24 ADE), Three Kingdoms (220-280 AD), Jin dynasty (265-420 AD), and Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD). During the Jin-Yuan period, Quanzhen Taoism was a dominating branch in Taoism. It offered certain political protection and religious comforts to many during troubled times; it also provided a relatively stable environment for intellectual development. Li Ye (1192-1279), Zhu Shijie (fl. late 13th C to early 14th C) and Zhao Youqin (fl. late 13th C to early 14th C), the major actors and contributors to the Jin-Yuan Mathematics achievements, were either heavily influenced by the philosophy of Quanzhen Taoism, or being its followers. In certain Taoist Classics, Li Ye read the records of the relations of a circle and nine right triangles which has been known as Dongyuan jiurong 洞渊九容 of Quanzhen Taoism. These relations made significant contributions in the study of the circles inscribed in a right triangle, the reasoning of which directly led to the birth of the Method of Celestial Elements (Tianyuan shu 天元术), which further developed into the Method of Two Elements (Eryuan shu ⼆元术), the Method of Three Elements (Sanyuan shu 三元术) and the Method of Four Elements (Siyuan shu 四元术).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.453-469
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• 2011

A one-story, wooden-frame, intermediate-bay model with Dou-Gon designed according to the Building Standards of the Song Dynasty (A.D.960-1279), was tested on a unidirectional shaking table. The main objectives of this experimental study were to investigate the seismic performance of Chinese historic wooden structure under various base input intensities. El Centro wave (N-S), Taft wave and Lanzhou wave were selected as input excitations. 27 seismic geophones were instrumented to measure the real-time displacement, velocity and acceleration respectively. Dynamic characteristics, failure mode and hysteretic energy dissipation performance of the model are analyzed. Test results indicate that the nature period and damping ratio of the model increase with the increasing magnitude of earthquake excitation. The nature period of the model is within 0.5~0.6 s, the damping ratio is 3~4%. The maximum acceleration dynamic magnification factor is less than 1 and decreases as the input seismic power increases. The frictional slippage of Dou-Gon layers (corbel brackets) between beams and plates dissipates a certain amount of seismic energy, and so does the slippage between posts and plinths. The mortise-tenon joint of the timber frame dissipates most of the seismic energy. Therefore, it plays a significant part in shock absorption and isolation.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2014

Objectives : In ministerial-fire theory(相火論) of Zhu Dan-Xi(朱丹溪), the meanings of monarch-fire(君火) and ministerial-fire(相火) described in papers published nowadays are not the same. Therefore, it is necessary to rebuild a clear concept. Methods : To understand the relationships among 'heaven(天)'-'human(人)' and 'name(名)'-'position(位)', the core concept of the ministerial-fire theory(相火論) of Zhu Dan-Xi(朱丹溪), I examined the relationships between 'heaven(天)' and 'human(人)' in Neo-Confucianism(性理學) of Song(宋) Dynasty and reviewed the notes of Wang Bing(王冰) which were quoted by Zhu Dan-Xi(朱丹溪) to set the concept of monarch-fire(君火) and ministerial-fire(相火). I studied relevant texts. Results : In ministerial-fire theory(相火論) of Zhu Dan-Xi(朱丹溪), monarch-fire(君火) is perceived as being from greed(人欲) that can cause hyperactivity(妄動) of ministerial-fire(相火), whereas ministerial-fire(相火) is perceived as being able to control monarch-fire(君火) by following the orders from heaven. This point of view is different from the past which recognized monarch-fire (君火) as the owner and ministerial-fire(相火) as the servant. Conclusions : Zhu Dan-Xi(朱丹溪) received the ideological impact of Neo-Confucianism, and accepted the notes of Wang Bing, recognized monarch-fire(君火) as 'name(名)' and ministerial-fire(相火) as 'position(位)', so he voiced the ministerial-fire theory(相火論) that perceived monarch-fire(君火) as fire(火) of the five processes(五行) of human body that came from greed, ministerial-fire(相火) as being in a position to hear the order from the 'heaven(天)' to control monarch-fire(君火). But the concept of ministerial-fire(相火) which he set connoted a confusing meaning of 'nature(性)' and 'way(道)' of Neo-Confucianism. In the later process to solve the problem, life-gate theory(命門學說) was raised, and many researchers had tried to remove the meaning of hyperactivity from the ministerial-fire(相火).

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.213-243
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• 1997

After studying about the formative process and theory concerning So-Yang In(少陽人)'s prescriptions, Some principles were founded. Those were summarized as follows. 1. Lee Jae Ma(李濟馬) established the theory and remedy about the So Yang In's diseases, and the formation of So Yang In's prescriptions was based on those theories and remedies 2. As the emprical prescription of So Yang In's diseases, ten pre-scriptions of Discussion of Cold-Induced Disorder(傷寒論) and nine of Won Myung dynasty period(元明時代) were described in Dong Eui Su-Se Bo Won(東醫壽世保元), and I could confirm that the formation of So Yang In's presciptions was based on those emprical prescriptions. 3. The pathological characteristics of emprical prescriptions of So-Yang In's diseases in Discussion of Cold-Induced Disorder(傷寒論) were completely corresponded with the principle of So Yang In's diseases, and we could know that emprical presciptions of diseases that were the base of So Yang In's prescriptions were selected by the principle of So Yang In's diseases. 4. In the serious cases of So Yang In's diseases, So Yang In's pre-scriptions were mostly made up of tonifying and nourishing yin medicine(補陰藥物) that dirrectly rufill the damaged Eum Chung Zi Ki(陰淸之氣). According to the above results, it could be concluded that Lee Jae-Ma(李濟馬) made So Yang In's prescriptions with emprical pre scri-ptions that were based on the theory of So Yang In's diseases and concluded that So Yang In's prescriptions were made up of tonifying and nourishing yin medicine(補陰藥物) in the serious cases of diseases.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2011

Gyeongoggo is first described in the Collected Prescription by Hong Family in the Song Dynasty in China. It is composed of Radix Rehmnniae, Panax ginseng, Poria cocos, and Mel. Its main efficacy is to treat weakness of primordial essence of body and dry cough, and to invigorate qi and replenish yin principle. It is one of the most important prescriptions that people have been using for a long time. We studied the documents recorded in the medical classics and comprehended the following results. Gyeongoggo has efficacy to keep a person healthy and live long age, to treat amnesia and dizziness from brain weakness, to strengthen muscle and bone by improving function of stomach and colon, to improve a person's memory and judgement, to invigorate brain weakness, and, to treat tuberculosis and lung cancer. The longer a person take it, the better it is for one's health and meditation. When it is made, it is important to mix four components up, to boil it with an oak tree for three days and nights, and then to add water from a well to reduce heat for a full day, and to boil up again for a full day to mature fully. As gyeongoggo is acquired not only by the full heart of a manufacturer but also the sympathy of nature, it is important to choose a clean place to make and keep. When it is taken, it is proper to take it with warm water or liquors. And when it is made, we came to know that it is possible to make gyeongoggo with special efficacy by adding one to three more components.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1985

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 현존(現存)하는 백제시대(百濟時代)의 두 석탑(石塔)인 미륵사지(彌勒寺址) 석탑(石塔)과 정림사지(定林寺址) 오층석탑(五層石塔)의 조형(造形)에 관한 기하학적(幾何學的) 해석(解析)이다. 두 석탑(石塔)을 지상측정용(地上測定用) Camera P31과 정밀입체도화(情密立體圖化)에 A-10을 이용하여 현존(現存) 복발(覆鉢)부분까지 남아있는 정림사지(定林寺址) 오층석탑(五層石塔)과 손상부분이 많은 미륵사지(彌勒寺址) 석탑(石塔)을 비교고찰(比較考察)한 결과 같은 조형원리(造形原理) 즉, 기준면(基準面)(module)으로부터 정삼각형을 작도하고 그 정삼각형의 정점(頂點) 윗부분에 있는 옥개석폭(屋蓋石幅)의 비(比)가 9 : 8 : 7 : 6 : (5)로 체감(遞減)되어 나가는 것을 알 수 있었고, 손상되기전의 복발(覆鉢)부분까지의 높이를 추정(推定)할 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.969-973
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• 2009

Samul-tang (SMT), which was firstly described in (Hwajegukbang) Song dynasty, is well known remedy for blood diseases in Oriental medicine. SMT is traditional herbal-remedy composed of Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix. Recently, SMT has known to have anti-oxidative action. However, the reports on anti-oxidantic action in neuroglial cells are rare. In addition, the exact mechanisms are unclear. For these reasons, we investigated the protective effects of SMT on cell death induced by oxidative stress using C6 glioma cells. In our results, SMT accelerated proliferation rates of C6 cells in vitro. In addition, levels of LDH release induced by oxidative stress were lowered by treatment with SMT. Finally, protective effects on cell death induced by chemicals such as paraquat and rotenone were observed. In conclusion, these results suggest the possibility to protect brain cell or neuronal cell from damage induced by oxidative stress.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2009

The results of analyzing "Shanghanlun-Shanghan examples" of Song Dynasty Text and Liuwansu's writings in the pursuit of comprehending his views written in "Fire-Heat" & "Warm disease" -are as follow. 1.He introduced Exterior-Interior Shanghan and Latent in the Winter & recurrent in the Spring Shanghan concept in the Febrile disease pathology as the link and the bifurcation point. His perception on Febrile disease encompassed Shanghan and Febrile disease on the same plane but actually discriminated in the treatment and medication between the two actually. 2.He suggested Febrile disease pathology in the concept of Shanghan and Febrile disease, which is coherent in the formation of interior heat as the result of the invasion of the lung by warm pathogen described in Warm disease Wei, Qi, Ying and Xue Fen Syndrome differentiation. He expanded the concept of esoteric portal 玄府 of "Suwon Tiaojinglun", to that of the omni-present portal & way of Qi's all directions movement, which is in accordance of invasion of upper energizer 上焦 by warm or hot pathogen via mouth and nose as used in Warm disease three-energizer differentiation. 3.He recognized both exterior-interior febrile disease in the context of both exterior-interior contact cause disease. He prescribed pungent-cool exterior releasing medicinal similar to that of exterior-releasing treatment adopted in warm disease. As lily-talc powder百合散 introduced in "Golden chamber synopsis" dispells heat by promoting excretion of urine and defecation, it is regarded as the original formula of later ikwonsan yiyuansan 益元散.

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제22집
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• pp.225-247
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• 2005

이 글은 '각씨니[네]$\~$' 계열의 사설시조(평시조 포함)를 검토하는 데 목적을 둔다. '각씨'라는 단어가 술과 안주, 그리고 음악이 있는 공간과 밀접하다는 점은 조선후기 이전 기록에도 있었고 그것이 시조에 그대로 재현되었다. 시조에 등장하는 '각씨'는 '주연석이나 풍류장‘에서 가창공간의 분위기를 돋우게 하는 재미있는 '허튼소리'와 관계하는 인물이지 일반 아녀자를 지칭하는 게 아니었다. '각씨니[네]$\~$' 시조에서 가장 앞서는 $\lceil$각시네 내 첩이 되나$\rfloor$($\#48$)의 경우도 예외가 아니었는데 이를 통해 보건대 '각씨니[네]$\~$' 시조는 태생적으로 '주연석이나 풍류장‘이라는 공간과 밀접하다고 규정할 수 있다. 이런 점을 감안한다면 $\#48$ 이후의 '각씨니[네]$\~$' 시조도 그런 공간을 출입할만한 여건을 갖춘 자들과 관련된 노래로 판단할 수 있다.

• 복식
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.218-230
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• 2012

The 25 pieces of women's jogori worn by ChangRyung Jo's family(1721~1742) that are preserved in Yeoju Museum, Gyeounggi Province, Korea were examined in this study. The aim of this study is to analyze women's jogori that were excavated from the grave of Changryung Jo's family, and to characterize women's costumes around the middle $18^{th}$ Century. The size of the jogori was divided into two groups. The garment length of the first group ranged from 31cm to 34cm and the bigger size ranged from 36.5cm to 40cm. The number of jogori in the group with the smaller size was twenty-five pieces and five pieces for the group with the bigger size. Changryung Jo's jogori was composed of two pieces of padded jogori, four pieces of quilted jogori and nineteen pieces of double layer jogori. Even though the direction of the margin located on back seemed point toward the right hand side, the gorum, the string for the tie, and the Sup, the outer gore of the jogori located on the other side of the margin had no pattern of direction. The line of jogori from the armhole gets narrower toward the edge of sleeves which could be recognized as a typical pattern of the middle $18^{th}$ Century jugori. The bigger group of jogori seemed to be worn by people other than ChangRyung Jo's relatives and used to be a gifts to aid in funerals. Major characteristics of jogori is could be categorized into the Dangko Mokpan collar jogori and Samhaejang jogori. The results of this study helps set the relative dating for the women's jogori of middle $18^{th}$ Century where not much excavations have been made.