• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.388-400
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the nine components of computational thinking (CT) practices and their operational definitions from the view of science education and to develop a CT practice framework that is going to be used as a planning and assessing tool for CT practice, as it is required for students to equip with in order to become creative problem solvers in $21^{st}$ century. We employed this framework into the earlier developed STEAM programs to see how it was valid and reliable. We first reviewed theoretical articles about CT from computer science and technology education field. We then proposed 9 components of CT as defined in technology education but modified operational definitions in each component from the perspective of science education. This preliminary CTPF (computational thinking practice framework) from the viewpoint of science education consisting of 9 components including data collection, data analysis, data representation, decomposing, abstraction, algorithm and procedures, automation, simulation, and parallelization. We discussed each component with operational definition to check if those components were useful in and applicable for science programs. We employed this CTPF into two different topics of STEAM programs to see if those components were observable with operational definitions. The profile of CT components within the selected STEAM programs for this study showed one sequential spectrum covering from data collection to simulation as the grade level went higher. The first three data related CT components were dominating at elementary level, all components of CT except parallelization were found at middle school level, and finally more frequencies in every component of CT except parallelization were also found at high school level than middle school level. On the basis of the result of CT usage in STEAM programs, we included 'generalization' in CTPF of science education instead of 'parallelization' which was not found. The implication about teacher education was made based on the CTPF in terms of science education.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제8권10호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2017

최근 컨테이너 항만에서는 점점 컨테이너선의 대형화에 따라 증가하는 물동량을 처리하기 위해, 하역장비들의 효율적인 배차 계획과 대기시간 최소화를 통해 작업 생산성을 높이는 다양한 방법들을 적용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 생산성을 높이는 방법으로 기존 휴리스틱 방법론을 개선한 최적화 모형인 솔버(Solvers)를 적용하였다. 실험 계획은 6개의 샘플 문제를 통해 두 가지 목적함수인 공차주행시간 최소화와 지연시간 최소화의 수행 결과를 기존의 휴리스틱 방법론의 결과와 비교하는 것이다. 실험 결과 두 가지 목적함수 모두 6개의 샘플 문제 중에서 4개의 샘플 문제에서 최적화 모형이 휴리스틱 방법론보다 평균 5.3% 향상된 결과를 도출하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제37권9호
• /
• pp.1069-1075
• /
• 2013

무인 국방 로봇의 실시간 해석을 위해서는 효과적인 해석기법이 필수적인 요소이다. 이러한 효과적인 해석을 위하여 부분시스템 합성방법이 개발되었다. 부분시스템 합성방법은 기준 물체의 운동방정식과 각 부분시스템들의 운동방정식을 독립적으로 계산함으로써 계산량의 이득을 볼 수 있다. 운동방정식은 미분방정식과 대수방정식이 혼합된 미분대수방정식으로 표현된다. 이러한 미분대수방정식의 정확하고 효과적인 해석을 위해서 직접 적분방법, 구속조건식 안정화기법, 일반 좌표 분할기법 등이 개발되었다. 본 논문에서는 무인 국방 로봇의 효과적인 해석을 위하여 부분시스템 합성방법을 적용하고 위에서 기술한 세 가지의 미분대수방정식 해석기법을 비교하는 연구를 수행하였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.38-47
• /
• 2005

Substructuring methods are often used in finite element structural analyses. In this study a multi-level substructuring(MLSS) algorithm is developed and proposed as a possible candidate for finite element fluid solvers. The present algorithm consists of four stages such as a gathering, a condensing, a solving and a scattering stage. At each level, a predetermined number of elements are gathered and condensed to form an element of higher level. At the highest level, each sub-domain consists of only one super-element. Thus, the inversion process of a stiffness matrix associated with internal degrees of freedom of each sub-domain has been replaced by a sequential static condensation of gathered element matrices. The global algebraic system arising from the assembly of each sub-domain matrices is solved using a well-known iterative solver such as the conjugare gradient(CG) or the conjugate gradient squared(CGS) method. A time comparison with CG has been performed on a 2-D Poisson problem. With one domain the computing time by MLSS is comparable with that by CG up to about 260,000 d.o.f. For 263,169 d.o.f using 8 x 8 sub-domains, the time by MLSS is reduced to a value less than $30\%$ of that by CG. The lid-driven cavity problem has been solved for Re = 3200 using the element interpolation degree(Deg.) up to cubic. in this case, preconditioning techniques usually accompanied by iterative solvers are not needed. Finite element formulation for the incompressible flow has been stabilized by a modified residual procedure proposed by Ilinca et al.[9].

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2003

전산유체역학분야에서의 효율적인 해석을 위해서 병렬처리기법이 널리 사용되고 있다. 병렬처리기법과 함께 최근에는 저가의 리눅스 클러스터 컴퓨터들이 기존의 슈퍼컴퓨터들을 대체하는 추세이다. 리눅스 클러스터 컴퓨터에서 수행되는 해석프로그램의 성능은 클러스터 시스템의 프로세서 성능 뿐 아니라 클러스터 시스템에서 사용되는 네트웍 장비의 성능에 크게 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 미리넷2000, 기가비트 이더넷, 패스트 이더넷 등 네트웍 장비에 따라서 클러스터 시스템의 성능이 어떻게 달라지는지를 Netpipe, LINPACK, NAS NPB, 그리고 MIPNS2D Navier-Stokes 해석프로그램을 사용하여 비교하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 전산유체역학 분야에서 사용될 고성능 저비용 리눅스 클러스터 시스템을 구축하는 방법을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
• /
• 제2권
• /
• pp.181-191
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to provide the primary sources to improve the problem solving performance by analyzing the errors and the strategies selection of the high school students when solving given algebraic problems. To attain the purpose of this study, the questions for investigation in this study are : 1. What are the differences / similarities in the patterns of errors committed by successful and unsuccessful problem-solvers when solving particular algebraic problems ? 2. What are the error types chosen by unsuccessful problem-solvers when solving particular algebraic problems? 3. Do students utilize checking, either locally or globally, when solving particular algebraic problems? Twenty students were drawn out of 10th grade students in J girls' high school in Yengi -gun, Chung-Nam, for this study. The problem-solving test was used as a test instrument. From the data, the verbal protocols and the written protocols were analyzed by the patterns. The conclusions drawn from the results obtained in the present study are as follows: First, in solving particular algebraic problems, when the problems were solved with one strategy, most students didn't give any consideration to other strategies. So mathematics teachers should teach them to use the various strategies, and should develop the problems to be used the various strategies. Second, in solving particular algebraic problems, errors on notions or transformations of equations were found. Thus, the basic knowledges related to equation should be taught. In addition, most unsuccessful students seleted the strategies inadequately to solve the problems because of misunderstanding the problems. So, to improve the problem solving performance the processes of 'understanding problem' should be emphasized to students. Third, although the unsuccesful students used the 'checking' processes when solving the problems, most of them did not find the errors because of misconceptions related to the problems, carelessness, and unskillfulness of checking. Thus, students must be taught more carefully and encouraged to use the checking.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2017

멀티코어 CPU와 BLAS, LAPACK을 구현한 최적 수치라이브러리, 직접 희소 솔버의 대중화 등 PC나 워크스테이션 수준에서도 대규모 유한요소 모델을 해석할 수 있도록 컴퓨팅 환경이 급속도로 변화되었다. 이 논문에서는 멀티코어 CPU를 갖는 공유 메모리 구조에 대한 병렬 유한요소 프로그램 설계시 고려사항으로 (1) 최적화된 수치라이브러리의 사용, (2) 최신 직접 희소 솔버의 사용, (3) OpenMP를 이용한 병렬 요소 강성 행렬의 계산, (4) 희소행렬 저장방식의 일종인 triplet을 이용한 어셈블 기법 등을 제시하였다. 또한 대규모 수치모델을 통해 많은 시간이 소요되는 작업을 기준으로 병렬화 효과를 검토하였다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.48.4-48.4
• /
• 2019

We studied the metal-distribution of isolated Milky-way mass galaxy using various hydrodynamic solvers and investigated the difference of the result between AMR and SPH codes. In particle-based codes, physical quantities like mass or metallicity defined in each particle are conserved unless being injected explicitly by the effect of the supernova, whereas in the Eulerian codes the diffusion is simply accomplished by hydro-equation. Therefore, without including explicit physics of diffusion on the SPH- codes, the metal mixing in the galaxy or CGM only can be accomplished by the direct motion of the particles, however, the standard-SPH codes depress the instability of the turbulent fluid mixing. In this work, we simulated under common initial conditions, common gas-physics like cooling-heating models, and star-formation feedback using ENZO(AMR) GIZMO and GADGET-2 codes. We additionally included a metal-diffusion algorithm on the SPH-codes, which follows the subgrid-turbulent mixing model investigated by Shen et al. (2010) and compared the effect of the metal-outflow on the halo region of the galaxy in different hydro-solvers. We also found that for the implementation of the diffusion scheme in the SPH-codes, the existence of a sufficient number of the gas-particles, which is the carrier of the metals, is necessary. So we tested a new initial condition for proper implementation of the diffusion scheme on the SPH simulations. By comparing the metal-contamination of the circumgalactic medium with different hydrodynamics models, we quantify the diffusion strength of AMR codes using diffusion parameterization of the SPH codes and also suggest the calibration solutions in the different behavior of codes in metal-outflow.

• 한국항만학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 1999

Numerical analysis of two-fluid flows for both water and air is carried out. Free-Surface flows with an arbitrary deformation have been simulated around two dimensional submerged hydrofoil. The computation is performed using a finite volume method with unstructured meshes and an interface capturing scheme to determine the shape of the free surface. The method uses control volumes with an arbitrary number of faces and allows cell-wise local mesh refinement. the integration in space is of second order based on midpoint rule integration and linear interpolation. The method is fully implicit and uses quadratic interpolation in time through three time levels The linear equation systems are solved by conjugate gradient type solvers and the non-linearity of equations is accounted for through picard iterations. The solution method is of pressure-correction type and solves sequentially the linearized momentum equations the continuity equation the conservation equation of one species and the equations or two turbulence quantities.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.287-318
• /
• 2012

We apply a partitioned-solution (iterative-staggered) coupling method based on a fixed Eulerian mesh with the level set function to a large-deformation fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem where a large-deformable thin structure moves in a high-speed flow field, as an airbag does during deployment. This method combines advanced fluid and structure solvers-specifically, the constrained interpolation profile finite element method (CIP-FEM) for fluid Eulerian mesh and large-deformable structural elements for Lagrangian structural mesh. We express the large-deformable interface as a zero isosurface by the level set function, and introduce virtual nodes with level sets and structural normal velocities to generate the level set function according to the large-deformable interfacial geometry and enforce the kinematic condition at the interface. The virtual nodes are located in the direction normal to the structural mesh. It is confirmed that application of the method to unfolded airbag deployment simulation shows the adequacy of the method.