• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 한방화장품의 원료로써 사용이 되는 약용식물들의 부위별 및 추출용매에 따른 추출물의 효능의 차이를 기술하였다. 기존의 단일성분 분석법보다 실제로 성분의 복합체인 추출물에 대하여 항산화와 UV흡수 관련 효능효과 시험법을 적용하였다. 약효를 가지는 약용식물들을 추출할 때 고려해야 할 조건이 있다. 같은 약용식물이라도 채취시기, 채취장소, 채취부위와 같은 채취조건들과 용매의 종류, 추출시간, 추출온도와 같은 추출조건들을 고려하여야 한다. 조건 중에서 추출용매와 채집부위는 효과에 있어서 매우 중요한 요인이다. 약용식물에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 여러 가지의 채취조건과 추출조건을 연구하여 한방원료의 개발에 있어 좀더 다양한 적용이 요청되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 약용과 식용으로 널리 사용되는 식물(Terminalia chebula, Syzygium aromaticum, Paeonia lactiflora, Morus alba, Scutellaria baicalensis)을 선정하여 추출용매와 채집부위를 변경시킴으로써 용매와 부위에 따른 효능의 차이를 확인하였다. 이 결과로 추출시 적당한 조건을 선택한다면 사용되는 약용식물의 양을 줄이거나 좀더 효과적인 결과를 얻을 수 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.1825-1831
• /
• 2006

The influence of solvent viscosity on conformational dynamics of the heme-pocket, a small vacant site near the binding site of myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb), and playing a functionally important role by serving as a station in ligand binding and escape, was studied by probing time-resolved vibrational spectra of CO photodissociated from MbCO and HbCO in $D_2O$, 75 wt% glycerol/$D_2O$, and trehalose at 283 K. Two absorption bands ($B_1$ and $B_2$) of the sample in viscous solvents, arising from CO in the heme pocket, are very similar to those in $D_2O$. Two bands in Mb and Hb under all three solvents exhibit very similar nonexponential spectral evolution ($B_1$ band; blue shifting and broadening, $B_2$ band; narrowing with a negligible shifting), suggesting that in the present experimental time window of 100 ps, the extents of the spectral shift and narrowing is much influenced neither by the viscosity of solvent nor by the quaternary contact of Hb. Spectral evolution can be described by a biexponential function with a fast universal time constant of 0.52 ps and a slow time constant ranging from 13 to 32 ps. For both proteins in all three solvents majority of spectral evolution occurs with the fast universal time constant. The magnitude of the slow rate in the spectral shift of B1 band decreases with increasing solvent viscosity, indicating that it is influenced by global conformational change which is retarded in viscous solvent, thereby serve as a reporter of global conformational change of heme proteins after deligation.

• 한방비만학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2023

Objectives: Atriplex gmelinii C. A. Meyer is a halophyte belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family, and its young leaves and stems are used as fodder for livestock. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of A. gmelinii extract and its solvent fractions on lipid accumulation during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: The samples of A. gmelinii were separately extracted using methylene chloride and methanol. Subsequently, they were combined to formulate the initial extract, which was then partitioned based on polarity to prepare solvent fractions. Oil Red O staining was employed to measure lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. To verify cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 cells, MTT assays were conducted. The expression levels of transcription factors in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were measured through Western blotting analysis. Results: At 50 ㎍/mL, treatment of A. gmelinii extract and its solvent fractions during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes significantly diminished lipid accumulation with no noteworthy cytotoxicity on cell viability. Additionally, when investigating the biochemical pathways that underlie the prevention of lipid accumulation using solvent fractions, it was found that the n-BuOH and n-hexane fractions significantly decreased the expression of key transcription factors involved in the generation of fat, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c). Conclusions: These findings indicate that A. gmelinii can effectively reduce the accumulation of fat in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, making it a potentially valuable material for mitigating and preventing obesity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.699-703
• /
• 2004

Solvolyses of isopropylsulfonyl chloride (IPSC) in water, D_2O,\;CH_3OD$, and in aqueous binary mixtures of acetone, ethanol and methanol are investigated at 25, 35 and 45$^{\circ}C$. The Grunwald-Winstein plot of first-order rate constants for the solvolytic reaction of IPSC with $Y_{Cl}$ (based on 2-adamantyl chloride) shows marked dispersions into three separate lines for three aqueous mixtures with a small slope (m < 0.30). The extended Grunwald-Winstein plots for the solvolysis of IPSC show better correlation. The kinetic solvent isotope effects determined in water and methanol are in consistent with the proposed mechanism of the general base catalyzed and/or $S_AN/S_N2$ reaction mechanism for IPSC solvolyses based on mass law and stoichiometric solvation effect studies.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.843-848
• /
• 1996

As the first step of studies related to production of chitooligosaccharides by physical methods, chitosan solution were sonicated with 20 kHz and various treatment effects were examined to present fundamental data of sonicated chitosan solution. Intrinsic viscosity of chitosan solution sharply decreased from 3.76 dl/g to 2.90 dl/g until 5 minutes of sonication and then slowly decreased. With low volume of chitosan solution, sonication was very effective and temperature of chitosan solution slightly affected the efficiency of sonication. In case of changing the solvent, no significant differences were observed on the effect of sonication, however, acetate buffer had highest sonication effect among various solvents. The sonication effect was increased as the increasement of the value of pH, on the contrary, ionic strength and type of counterions showed no effect on sonication. With these results, we assumed that optimal sonication treatment would be as follows, solution volume was $10\~20\;ml$, temperature range was $20\~30^{\circ}C$, pH value of solution was 4.5 and type of solvent was acetate buffer.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.160-164
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this investigation was to extract the bioactive agents from Alpinia officinarum Hance. The methanol with ethylacetate extracts alone and combined were examined for their activities against VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) and pathogenic yeast in vitro. The incidence of infections caused by VRE and other pathogenic microorganisms and the importance of using novel synergistic drug combinations has become important. Previously, we reported the antimicrobial effects of the butanol extract from Lonicera japonica and have evaluated combinations of solvent extracts, with a focus on the MeOH and EtOAc extracts from A. officinarum. In the present study, enhanced inhibitory effects were achieved by employing a combination of the two solvent extracts. The MeOH and EtOAc combination was especially effective against four VRE strains: E. faecalis (K-10-22), E. faecaium (K-11-212), E. faecalis (K-10-57) and E. faecalis (K-10-361) with MIC values of 12.5, 12.5, 6.25 and 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Thus, the combination was more effective than other antibiotics such as kanamycin, gentamicin or tetracycline against bacteria including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus. In addition, the combination was effective against yeasts such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans.

• 농업생명과학연구
• /
• 제45권5호
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2011

We investigated the inhibitory effects of solvent extracts from Ailanthus altissima in A549 human lung cancer cell. A. altissima has been recognized as a traditional healthy food due to its various biological activities against hypertension, strokes, fever, pain, neuralgia, inflammation, and cancer effects. Recently, it has been reported that the extracts of various wild vegetables show strong anti-cancer properties by induction of apoptosis. However, the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity in human lung cancer cells have been poorly understood. The present study was investigated the effects of solvent extracts from A. altissima on cell growth and apoptosis on A549 human lung cancer cells. A treatment of A. altissima inhibited the growth of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis. Especially, the chloroform fraction showed the highest anti-cancer effect among five kinds of fractions. And also, induction of apoptosis by chloroform fraction were associated with down-regulation of Bcl-2, and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax expression. From these results, A. altissima may have a therapeutic potential in human lung cancer cells and as a functional food.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.147-164
• /
• 1993

A study has been conducted on developing questionnaires to serve as on site diagnostic tools for the early detection of neuropsychiatric impairment among workers chronically exposed to low-level organic solvents. Two drafts of tentative questionnaires have been developed as follows; several question items were selected from questionnaires which were administered to workers exposed to organic solvents in previous studios and were grouped into each symptom category based on the presence of its association using Guttman scaling method, then these selected items were reviewed by neuropsychiatry specialists. The final draft of the questionnaire (total symptom score=36) was developed by selecting 33 question items which had more than a 0.88 Guttman coefficient of reproducibility in each symptom category from a pilot study in which these tentative questionnaires were administered to workers manufacturing soles. Three plants using organic solvents and one plant never using organic solvents as a control group were selected to test the reliability and validity of the developed questionnaires. The major organic solvent in the workplace environment detected by a personal air sampler and GC/MSD nab toluene. The concentration of toluene in air from the department using organic solvent was statistically different from that of the department never using organic solvent. The concentration of toluene from almost all of the workplace did not exceed the allowable level. There was no statistically significant difference between the concentration of urinary hippuric acid from the workers of the department using organic solvent and that of the department never using it. Total symptom score of the plant never using organic solvents was 9.8 and those of the three plants using organic solvents were 15.6, 14.7, and 13,7 respectively. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaires, the workers from two different departments of the plant in which usage of organic solvents are totally dofferemt were compared. The total symptom score was 17.8 for workers of the department using organic solvent and 13.5 for the department never using organic solvent and scores of each symptom group between exposure and non-exposure group also showed statistically significant difference. The finding that total symptom score of the exposure group increased as the duration of employment increased indirectly suggests the usefulness of the developed questionnaire to assess the health effects of chronic exposure to organic solvents. The correlation coefficient, which was calculated to evaluate the test-retest reliability, was 0.581 (p=0.001). The coefficient of Crohnbach which reflects the internal consistency of the questionnaire was 0.91. In conclusion, the reliabilty of the questionnaire was well maintained over the time lapse between the two administrations of the questionnaire and despite the seasonal difference.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.220-227
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 예로부터 위장병의 예방 및 치료 효과가 뛰어난 작물로 알려진 번행초(Tetragonia tetragonioides)의 각종 용매 추출 분획물의 항산화 효과를 명확히 하기 위해 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량, 비타민 E함량, DPPH free radical 소거활성, Superoxide 음이온 소거활성, 과산화물생성 억제 활성, 환원능력 그리고 금속 킬레이트 효과를 측정하였다. 먼저 총 폴리페놀 화합물의 함량은 DCM 분획, EA 분획에서 높게 나타났고, 플라보노이드 함량은 HX 분획, EA 분획 순으로 나타났다. 비타민 E의 함량은 HX 분획, DCM 분획 순으로 높게 나타났다. DPPH radical 소거활성 효과는 DCM과 EA 추출 분획에서 $IC_{50}$ 값이 각각 $554.25{\mu}g/ml,\;394.96{\mu}g/ml$으로 산화방지제로 널리 이용되고 있는 BHT의 $784.7{\mu}g/ml$보다 우수하게 측정되었다. 과산화물 생성 억제 활성에서 번행초 분획은 지질단백질을 산화로부터 보호한다고 알려진 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol과 유사한 능력을 보였으나, 페놀계 합성 항산화제인 BHT, BHA에 비해서는 억제능이 다소 낮음이 확인되었다. 환원능력을 통한 항산화 활성 측정에서는 1.5 mg/ml농도에서 EA 분획의 활성이 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol보다 유의하게 높게 나타나 좋은 항산화 소재임이 확인되었다.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.363-367
• /
• 2005

Iron(III)p-toluenesulfonate를 개시제로 한 3,4-ethylenedioxyaiophene(EDOT)의 중합과정시 여러 가지 유기용매를 첨가했을 때 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)의 전하이동특성이 어떻게 변하는지에 대해 연구하였다. 첨가한 유기용매의 종류는 MeOH, EtOH등의 알콜류와 Acetone, MEK등의 케톤류였으며, 직류 전기전도도 측정시 280 K에서 전도도는 MeOH를 첨가한 시료가 19.5 S/cm로 가장 높았으며, MEK를 첨가한 시료는 $2.2{\times}10^{-9}$S/cm로 각기 다른 전도도를 나타내었다. 유기용매 첨가에 따른 전기전도도의 변화를 설명하기 위해 X-ray diffraction(XRD)를 통한 PEDOT의 구조적 변화를 관찰하였으며, 알콜류를 첨가했을 경우 결정화도가 증가하는 반면, 케톤류의 유기용매를 첨가했을 경우에는 무정형 구조를 가지는 것을 관찰하였다. 또한 X-ray photoelectron spectoscopyocpy(XPS)를 이용하여 S(2p) 피크를 분석한 결과 케톤류를 첨가한 시료의 경우 다른 시료에 비해 도핑레벨이 매우 낮음을 관찰하였다. 이는 유기용매와 PEDOT의 상대이온인 p-toluenesulfonate와의 상호작용으로 인한 것으로 중합시 유기용매의 첨가에 따라 PEDOT의 도핑효율 및 구조가 변화하고 결과적으로 전기전도도가 변화하는 것을 확인하였다.