• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1996

Solvent fractions were prepared from traditional herbal drugs which of methanol extracts inhibited $CCl_4$-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes and c ontinuously assayed their effects. Ethylacetate and n-buthanol fractions from Cibotii Rhizoma and chloroform fraction from Gelatina Nigra inhibited the release of LDH and GPT from $CCl_4$-treated hepatocytes, respectively. Water fraction (WAR) among solvent fractions from Astragali Radix showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the release of GOT or GPT by treatment with $CCl_4$. All of solvent fractions prepared from Eucommiae Cortex had no effect on $CCl_4$-induced cytotoxicity. Chloroform and ethylacetate fractions from Rehmanniae Radix Preparata increased the release of GPT from $CCl_4$-treated hepatocytes. n-Hexan, chloroform or ethylacetate fraction from 5 herbal drugs increased the release of LDH, GOT or GPT from normal hepatocytes at the dose of 1.Omg/ml. Administration of WAR suppressed the elevation of GOT, ALP activities and MDA contents in the serum as well as in the liver tissue of $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. Based on these results, isolation of antihepatotoxic substances from WAR is under the process.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2013

This study was designed to analyze the effects of methanol extracts and solvent fractions of the young branch of Prunus persica on scavenging activity of ROS, RNS and inhibiting activity of oxidative modification in human LDL induced by copper ion or free radical generator. The scavenging capacities of the fractions on DPPH radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite were exhibited the highest in ethylacetate fraction, followed by butanol fraction. In the copper-induced LDL oxidative modification system, the highest antioxidant activity was revealed in ethylacetate fraction, and butanol fraction exhibited a similar activity. However, solvent fractions of the young branch of Prunus persica showed a relatively low antioxidant activity in the AAPH-mediated LDL oxidation. In addition, ethylacetate and butanol fractions also inhibited the copper-mediated LDL oxidation in the REM assay, which was comparable to that of the positive controls, including EDTA, ascorbic acid and BHT. Futhermore, a content of total phenolics in these two fractions was higher than that of the other fractions. These results indicated that ethylacetate and butanol fractions of the young branch of Prunus persica were useful for the prevention of the free radical- or metal ion-induced oxidative damages.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.445-451
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• 2012

The EtOH extracts of red seaweeds (Symphyocladia latiuscula, Chondrus ocellatus and Carpopeltis affinis) and solvent partitioned fractions were investigated for their 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effects and the total phenolic contents were correlated with ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The EtOH extracts and their solvent partitioned fractions exhibited strong ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Among the solvent partitioned fractions obtained from n-Hexane (HX), methylenchloride (MC), ethylacetate (EA), and buthanol (BuOH), the HX fraction from C. affinis showed higher radical scavenging activities than other fractions. Total phenolic contents showed significant correlation ($r^2$ = 0.709) with ABTS radical scavenging activity. The results of this study suggest that the strong radical scavenging activity of HX fraction from C. affinis is a promising natural antioxidant for healthcare products.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2014

As a part of ongoing research to elucidate and characterize antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals, solvent-partitioned fractions from Spergularia marina were tested for their ability to scavenge radicals and suppress inflammation. The results of the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay indicate that solvent-partitioned fractions from S. marina scavenged intracellular radicals in $H_2O_2$-stimulated mouse macrophages. The tested fractions decreased the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inflammation mediators, namely, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-6, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophages, indicating that S. marina decreases inflammation. Among all tested fractions [i.e., $H_2O$, n-buthanol (n-BuOH), 85% aqueous methanol (aq. MeOH), and n-hexane], the 85% aq. MeOH fraction showed the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response. The 85% aq. MeOH fraction scavenged 80% of the free radicals produced by $H_2O_2$-induced control cells. In addition, NO production was 98% lower in 85% aq. MeOH fraction-treated cells compared to LPS-induced control cells. The mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-6 was also suppressed in 85% aq. MeOH fraction-treated cells. The results of the current study suggest that the phenolic compound components of S. marina are responsible for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2019

In this study, the inhibitory effect of Atriplex gmelinii C. A. Mey. against the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 secreted from phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated HT-1080 cells was evaluated by gelatin zymography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot assay. Specimens of the halophyte A. gmelinii were extracted twice for 24 hr with methylene chloride ($CH_2Cl_2$), and then twice with methanol (MeOH), in turn. Each extract significantly inhibited the enzymatic activities in gelatin zymography and MMP ELISA kit, and expression of MMP-2 and 9 in mRNA and protein levels. Two crude extracts were combined and then the combined crude extracts were fractionated into n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water ($H_2O$) fractions, according to solvent polarity. Among solvent-partitioned fractions, the 85% aq.MeOH fraction showed the strongest inhibitory effect against MMP-2 and -9 in gelatin zymography and MMP ELISA kit. In RT-PCR, all solvent-partitioned fractions significantly suppressed mRNA expression of MMP-2 and -9. On the other hand, in Western blot assay, all solvent-partitioned fractions except $H_2O$ significantly reduced expression levels of protein. HT 1080 cell migration was most significantly inhibited by the n-BuOH fraction followed by the 85% aq.MeOH and $H_2O$ fractions. These results suggest that A. gmelinii could be used as a potential source to inhibit tumor cell metastasis.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2023

Objectives: Atriplex gmelinii C. A. Meyer is a halophyte belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family, and its young leaves and stems are used as fodder for livestock. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of A. gmelinii extract and its solvent fractions on lipid accumulation during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: The samples of A. gmelinii were separately extracted using methylene chloride and methanol. Subsequently, they were combined to formulate the initial extract, which was then partitioned based on polarity to prepare solvent fractions. Oil Red O staining was employed to measure lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. To verify cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 cells, MTT assays were conducted. The expression levels of transcription factors in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were measured through Western blotting analysis. Results: At 50 ㎍/mL, treatment of A. gmelinii extract and its solvent fractions during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes significantly diminished lipid accumulation with no noteworthy cytotoxicity on cell viability. Additionally, when investigating the biochemical pathways that underlie the prevention of lipid accumulation using solvent fractions, it was found that the n-BuOH and n-hexane fractions significantly decreased the expression of key transcription factors involved in the generation of fat, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c). Conclusions: These findings indicate that A. gmelinii can effectively reduce the accumulation of fat in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, making it a potentially valuable material for mitigating and preventing obesity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 1994

The antioxidant activity of solvent extracts isolated from barley leaves was investigated by measuring peroxide value. The fractions of methanol extract obtained from preparative TLC was also studies, with UV-Visible spectrum, total phenol contents and hydrogen donating ability(HDA) The antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts was, in decreasing order, methanol> ethyl ether> methylene chloride $\geq$ ethyl acetate $\geq$acetone> hexane. The antioxidant activity of the fractions of methanol extract was, in decreasing order, fraction 2> fraction 3> fraction 1 and their activity was all superior to that of tocopherol at 500 ppm level. All fraction(1, 2 and 3) exhibited a strong UV absorption at 280 m which would be specifically produced by phenolic compound. UV absorption at 280 m of fraction 2 was greater than those of fraction 1 and 3. In the visible spectrum of these fractions, the maximum .absorption wavelengths of fraction 1, 2 and 3 were 660, 460 and 460 m, respectively. Antioxidant activity of barley leaves seemed to be due to the flavonoids containing phenolic group by UV spectrum and total phenol content.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.453-456
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• 2022

Phragmites communis rhizome (Phragmitis rhizoma) was extracted with 70% ethanol, and then the extract was fractionated sequentially using n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate as solvents. Among the solvent fractions of Phragmitis rhizoma extract, the polyphenol content in ethyl acetate fraction was the highest. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions possessed a good nitrite scavenging activity. In addition, each solvent fraction showed an effective lipid peroxidation inhibitory ability at a concentration of 10 mg/mL.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the antioxidant effect of solvent fractions of Angelica gigas root. Methods: The ethanol extract of Angelica gigas root was suspended in water and then partitioned with dichloromethane (MC Fr.), ethyl acetate (EA Fr.) and butanol (BuOH Fr.), sequentially. The antioxidant activities of solvent fractions of Angelica gigas root were evaluated for radical scavenging activity against stable free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radicals. In addition the antioxidant activities of solvent fractions of Angelica gigas root against peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrites were determined by the total oxy-radical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. Results: Among the solvent fractions of MC Fr., EA Fr., and BuOH Fr., BuOH Fr. was found to have stronger antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 59.72, 14.36, 30.96 and $44.75\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ on the DPPH radical, nitrite, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, than BHA used as a positive control. Moreover, specific TOSC values(564.8, 276.4 and 405.5 TOSC/mM) of BuOH fr. against peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite were 4 times higher than GSH (136.5, 67.4 102.6 TOSC/mM) used as a positive control. Conclusions: These results suggest that the BuOH fr. of Angelica gigas root has a high antioxidant activity and can be useful to develop functional food against oxidative stress conditions.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antitumor activity of different solvent fractions (ethanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) of the Auricularia auricula-judae 70% ethanol extract on the P388D1 macrophage and sarcoma 180 cells. A dose-dependent antitumor activity of each solvent fraction (from 0.01 mg/ml to 0.3 mg/ml) was shown against both cell types. These cytotoxic effects of all the tested fractions were confirmed on the MTT and SRB assays, without statistical differences each other. $IC_{50}$ value of dichloromethane fraction was 94.2 ${\mu}g/ml$ against sarcoma 180 cells lower than any other solvent fractions. The potent antitumor effect of the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction was also found against solid tumor in BALB/c mice. The splenomegaly and higher splenic index were found in tumor-bearing mice, with the DCM fraction returning to the negative control values. Thus, the results indicated the dichloromethane fraction may have potential ingredients as antitumor candidates.