• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 1996

This study has been investigated the influence of solid solution treatment on the microstructure of Mg-6Al-xZn(x=0,1,2) alloys fabricated by squeeze casting process. The products having clean surface and fine microstructure are fabricated by adopting the liquid metal forging method. The microstructures of as-fabricated state show ${\beta}(Mg_{17}Al_{12})$ precipitates between the dendrite boundaries. It is found that the hardness of the alloys is increased with increasing amount of zinc due to the solid solution hardening effect of zinc. In the changes of microstructure upon solid solution treatment time at $405^{\circ}C$, ${\beta}$ phases are dissolved in ${\alpha}$ matrix up to 1hr and the microstructure are coarsened rapidly after 2hrs. The microhardness are decreased rapidly until 1hr of solution treatment time and then stabilized. From the above results, it is concluded that the optimum solid solution treatment condition for Mg-6Al-xZn alloys is at $405^{\circ}C$ for 1hr. The solution treatment time is greatly reduced comparing to conventional casting(at $385{\sim}418^{\circ}C$ for 10~14hrs) due to the formation of the super-saturated solid solution by liquid metal forging.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.220-230
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of solution treatment on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of cast AZ91-4%RE magnesium alloy. In the as-cast state, microstructure of the AZ91-4%RE alloy was characterized by intermetallic ${\beta}(Mg_{17}Al_{12})$, $Al_{11}RE_3$ and $Al_2RE$ phase particles distributed in ${\alpha}-(Mg)$ matrix. After solution treatment, the ${\beta}$ particles with low melting point dissolved into the matrix, but Al-RE phases still remained due to their high thermal stabilities. It was found from the immersion and potentiodynamic polarization tests that corrosion rate of the AZ91-4%RE alloy increased after the solution treatment. On the contrary, EIS tests and EDS compositional analyses on the surface corrosion products indicated that the stability of the corrosion product was improved after the solution treatment. Examinations on the corroded microstructures for the ascast and solution-treated samples revealed that dissolution of the ${\beta}$ particles which play a beneficial role in suppressing corrosion propagation, would be responsible for the deterioration of corrosion resistance after the solution treatment. This result implies that the microstructural features such as amount, size and distribution of secondary phases that determine corrosion mechanism, are more influential on the corrosion rate in comparison with the stability of surface corrosion product.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.99-105
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties in 90% hot forged Incoloy 825 alloy. With increasing solution treatment temperature, the grain size increased and the volume fraction of total precipitates decreased, and the precipitates disappeared at $1,000^{\circ}C$. With increasing aging time at $700^{\circ}C$, the volume fraction of precipitate increased and the precipitates size increased. Most of the precipitates consist $Cr_{23}C_6$ carbide, and a small amount of TiC carbide was also observed. With decreasing solution treatment temperature and increasing aging time, tensile strength and hardness increased, and the elongation and impact value decreased. With increasing aging time, the impact value decreased sharply by the increased of the precipitate size.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.97-103
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to develop the mechanical properties of AlSiCu aluminum alloy by the two-step solution heat treatment. The microstructure of gravity casting specimen represents a typical dendrite structure having a secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of 40 mm. In addition to the Al matrix, a large amount of coarsen eutectic Si phase, $Al_2Cu$ intermetallic phase, and Fe-rich phases are generated. The eutectic Si phases are fragmented and globularized with solution heat treatment. Also, the $Al_2Cu$ intermetallic phase is resolutionized into the Al matrix. The $2^{nd}$ solution temperature at $525^{\circ}C$ might be a optimum condition for enhancement of mechanical properties of AlSiCu aluminum alloy.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.98-106
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• 2005

The chemical conversion film formed on magnesium alloy was investigated by using the colloidal silica with some parameters such as solution pH. temperature, solution conditions, and treatment time. Moreover. the solutions consisted of colloidal silica titanium sulfate, and cobalt ions were used for the colloidal silica film to having a good corrosion resistance and adhesion properties. It was thought that the film at 298K was made with combination of Si-O. The quantity of film formed at high temperature such as 333K and 353K is smaller than dissolved quantity during chemical conversion treatment. Adding $CoSO_4$ to the colloidal silica solution enhanced the adhesion force between the silica film and magnesium substrate, The optimum conditions for the chemical conversion treatment solution were PH 2.90 s treatment, and 298K.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 2001

In research. which Korean pickled cucumber was treated wish various methods, including blanching. brining in hot solution, and treating with trehalose. I examined the changes of properties of material. The Korean pickled cucumber were fermented 4∼5$^{\circ}C$ for 42 days in 1% salt solution. The physiochemical properties were pH, total acidity, total cell count, lactic acid bacteria and texture properties were also evaluated. The result showed that the effect of blanching and soaking cucumber in 100$^{\circ}C$ hot salt solution significantly reduced the softening rate of texture while a rather rapid fermentation was found for those preserved with salt. The effect of trehalose treatment inhenced fermentation but it was significantly reduced softening rate of texture. The texture evaluation of Korean pickled cucumber was found that heat treatment with blanching after soaked in hot solution and trehalose treatment had a positive effect for reduction of softening of cucumber tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.126-133
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of solution treatment on the corrosion behavior of Mg-8%Al-(0-1)%Zn casting alloys in 1M NaCl aqueous solution. After the solution treatment, all alloys showed single ${\alpha}$-(Mg) phase microstructure by dissolution of ${\beta}(Mg_{17}Al_{12})$ phase into the ${\alpha}$-(Mg) matrix. The $H_2$ evolution volume decreased with an increase in Zn content, which indicates that the addition of Zn plays a beneficial role in decreasing corrosion rate of the Mg-Al-Zn alloy in solution-treated state. The microstructural evaluations on the corrosion products and corroded surfaces after the immersion test in 1 M NaCl solution revealed that the incorporation of more $Al_2O_3$ and ZnO into the corrosion product, by which the penetration of $Cl^-$ ions is impeded, are thought to be responsible for the better corrosion resistance in relation with the Zn addition.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.37.1-37.6
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• 2021

This study evaluated the efficacy of a new, single-dose otic solution combining florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate for the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE) in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one client-owned dogs with OE were included in the study and divided into a treatment group that received the test solution and a negative control group that received a normal saline solution. On day 0, the dogs were treated either with the test or the control solution and evaluated over 30 days. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by clinical signs and cytological organism counts. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). After treatment with the test solution, clinical signs continuously decreased and cytological scores were significantly reduced. The results of MIC testing showed that the test solution was potent against the common pathogenic causes of canine OE. In this study, the most common causative pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis. No issues related to safety were identified. Based on these results, this new ototopical drug can be used as first line treatment for canine OE.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 1990

To investigate the effects of swelling treatment by ammonia on characteristics of carboxymethy1cellulose(CMC) and CMC solution, the domestic kraft pulp pretreated with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% $NH_4OH$ solution, was carboxymethylated by the standard method, and then the CMC prepared was tested. The physical properties of CMC and CMC solution, such as degree of substitution, transparency. viscosity, weight increase and solubility, were measured, and the comparison with commercial domestic CMC used as a food additive was done. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In CMC manufactured by standard solvent method, hardwood bleached kraft pulp(LBKP) was more substituted than safwood bleached kraft pulp(NBKP), and viscosity of NBKP was higher than that of LBKP. 2. When ammonia swelling treatment was done, degree of substitution gradually decreased with increasing concentration of $NH_4OH$, and degree of substitution of LBKP decreased with a larger range than that of NBKP. 3. When ammonia swelling treatment was done. transparency of CMC solution from LBKP was hardly effected, but in case of NBKP gradually increased with increasing concentration of $NH_4OH$. 4. When ammonia swelling treatment was done, viscosity of CMC solution was higher than that of CMC solution without ammonia swelling treatment. Especially, CMC of high viscosity could be manufactured in 5%, 10% concentration levels of $NH_4OH$. 5. In CMC manufactured from domestic NBKP, CMC at the range of 0.40 to 0.50 in DS was dispersed easily and quickly dissolved, and CMC at more than 0.50 in DS was dispersed slowly in water solution. 6. In comparison with commercial domestic CMC used as a food additive, CMC manufactured from domestic NBKP was higher in DS, and was lower in viscosity and transparency.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.166-178
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• 2024

The localized corrosion resistance of UNS N07718 alloy was investigated after solution heat treatment. When the alloy was heat-treated at 1050 ℃ for 2.5 hours, it experienced an increase in average grain diameter, a reduction in grain boundary area, and the dissolution of delta phases along grain boundaries. Additionally, primary metallic nitrides (MN) and metallic carbides (MC), enriched with either Ti or Nb, were identified and exhibited a random distribution within the microstructures. Despite the solution heat treatment, the composition, diameter, and abundance of MNs and MCs remained relatively consistent. The critical pitting temperature (CPT), as determined by the ASTM G48-C immersion test, revealed similar values of 45 ℃ for both treated and untreated alloys. However, a decrease in maximum pit depth and corrosion rate was observed after the solution heat treatment. The microstructural changes that occurred during the heat treatment and their potential implications were discussed to understand the influence of the solution heat treatment.