• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.172-176
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• 1998

This study was conducted to develop purees from pumpkin and sweet-pumpkin. Soluble solids in pumpkins were increased as heating time increase. The maximum yield of puree from sweet-pumpkin marked 78.2% when in prepared at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes heating, but puree from pumpkin was 53.2% at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 40 minutes heating. Soluble solid and yield of pumpkin purees were increased with enzyme treatment. but viscosity was deceased remarkably. Hunter's a and b values of puree from sweet-pumpkin were higher than puree from pumpkin, and it was considered due to higher content of carotenoid. Organoleptic qualities of puree from pumpkin and sweet-pumpkin were investigated by 5-point scale and the most effective heating time was 40 minutes at 121$^{\circ}C$.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.225.2-226
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• 2003

The prolonged mechanical grinding process may enhance the bioavailability of the drugs due to the change of solid state such as micronization and decrease of crystallinity. A series of attempts to enhance the bioavailability of insoluble drugs have been made by the fine grinding technique using a planetary mill. The objective of the present study is to investigate the possibility of improving the dissolution properties of poorly water- soluble drugs such as diphenyl hydrantoin (phenytoin) and diphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) based on the molecular interaction between drug and additives during pharmaceutical processing to be related with the bioavailability behavior. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.236.3-237
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• 2003

Fine particles of water-soluble pharmaceuticals were prepared using a new micronization method, Carbon Dioxide Assisted Nebulization in a Bubble Dryer(CAN-BD). The process utilized mixtures of CO$_2$ in aqueous solution at supercritical conditions to form an emulsion. The aerosols were dried with pre-heated nitrogen, and the drying chamber was operated at near atmospheric pressure. The dry particles were collected on membrane filter at the bottom of the drying chamber. Several processing parameters such as flow rate, temperature, pressure, solid concentration and processing scale were accessed using NaCl, human serum albumin, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as model pharmaceuticals. (omitted)

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

Solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drug, atorvastatin, were prepared with Eudragit L100 to improve the solubility by spray dryer. To investigate the correlation between physicochemical properties and dissolution rate of solid dispersions, the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM and DSC were found that atorvastatin is amorphous in the Eudragit L100 solid dispersion. FT-IR was used to analyze the salt formation by interaction between atorvastatin and Eudragit L100. The dissolution rate of solid dispersed atorvastatin was markedly increased compared to drug powder in stimulated intestinal juice (pH 6.8). Thus, the solid dispersed atorvastatin using the spray drying method with Eudragit L100 may be effective for the bioavailability.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.311-319
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• 1999

Leaves of Aloe vera Linne and bloods of domestic animal were composted in a soild state fermentation reactor (SSFR) by using microbial additive including a bulking and moisture controlling agent. From solid-culture of microbial additive, 10 species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi were isolated and, their enzyme activities including amylase, carboxy methyl cellulase CMCase, lipase and protease were detected. Optimum fermentation conditions of Aloe leaves and domestic animal bloods in SSFR were obtained from the studies of response surface analysis employing microbial additive content, initial moisture content, and fermentation temperature as the independent variables. The optimum conditions for SSFR using Aloe leaves were obtained at 9.45$\pm$73%(w/w) of microbial additives, 62.73$\pm$4.54%(w/w) of initial moisture content and 55.32$\pm$3.14$^{\circ}C$ of fermentation temperature while those for SSFR using domestic animal bloods were obtained at 10.25$\pm$2.04%, 58.68$\pm$4.97% and 57.85$\pm$5.$65^{\circ}C$, respectively. Composting process in SSFR was initially proceeded through fermentation and solid materials were decomposed within 24 hours by maintaining higher moisture level, and maturing and drying steps are followed later. After the fermentation step, the concentrations of solid phase inorganic components were increased while that of organic components were decreased. Also, concentrations of total organic carbon(TOC), peptides, amino acids, polysaccharides, and low fatty acids in water extracts were increased. As fermentation in composting process depends on initial C/N ratios in water extracts of two samples were increased because of increased water-soluble TOC. From these results, it was revealed that solid state fermentation reactor using microbial additives can be used in composting process of organic wastes with broad C/N ratio.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 1999

Solid dispersions were prepared to increase the dissolution rate of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) using water-soluble carriers such as povidone, copolyvidone, $2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin (HPCD)$, sodium salicylate or sodium benzoate by solvent evaporation method. Solid dispersions were characterized by infrared spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffractometry, dissolution and permeation studies. DDB tablets (7.5 mg) were prepared by compressing the powder mixtures composed of solid dispersions, lactose, com starch, crospovidone and magnesium stearate using a single-punch press. DDB capsules (7.5 mg) were also prepared by filling the mixtures in empty hard gelatin capsules (size No.1). From the DSC and powder x-ray diffractometric studies, it was found that DDB was amorphous in the HPCD or copolyvidone solid dispersions. Dissolution rates after 10 min of DDB alone and solid dispersions (1 : 10) in sodium benzoate, sodium salicylate and copolyvidone were 11.8, 23.5, 22.8 and 82.5%, respectively. Dissolution rates of DDB after 30 min from 1 : 10 and 1 : 20 copolyvidone solid dispersions were 80.5 and 95.0%, respectively. For the DDB tablets prepared using solid dispersions (1 : 20), the initial dissolution rate was dependent on carrier material, and was ranked in order, $Kollidon\;30\;{\ll}$ copolyvidone < HPCD. For the HPCD solid dispersion tablets, dissolution rate reached 97.4% after 15 min, but thereafter slowly decreased to 80.7% after 2 hr due to the precipitation of DDB. However, in the case of copolyvidone solid dispersion tablets, dissolution increased linearly and reached 93.4% after 2 hr. Reducing the volume of test medium from 900 to 300 ml markedly decreased the dissolution rate of the tablets containing 1 : 20 HPCD solid dispersions and 1 : 10 copolyvidone solid dispersion. For 1 : 20 copolyvidone solid dispersion tablets, there was no significant change in dissolution rate up to 1 hr with different volumes of test medium. Preparation of the copolyvidone solid dispersion (1 : 20) in capsules markedly delayed the dissolution (31.2 % after 2hr) due to the limited diffusion within capsules. The permeation rate $(13.4\;g/cm^2\;after\;8\;hr)$ of DDB through rabbit duodenal mucosa from copolyvidone solid dispersion (1 : 10) was markedly enhanced, when compared with drug alone or physical mixtures. From overall findings, DDB formulations containing copolyvidone solid dispersions (1 : 20) could be used to remarkably improve the dissolution rate in dosage form of powders and tablets.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.917-924
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• 2014

정상수확 후지와 늦수확 후지 사과를 속성 발효 효모인 S. cerevisiae SS89로 발효하면서 발효 특성을 조사하는 한편 사과주의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 정상수확 및 늦수확 후지사과의 가용성 고형분 함량은 각각 13.0, $13.6^{\circ}Brix$로서 늦수확 후지 사과가 다소 높았으나 총산의 함량과 경도는 낮게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 사과주의 발효 중 pH와 총산 함량의 변화는 거의 유사하였으나 가용성 고형분의 감소, 알코올 함량 및 효모 생균수의 증가에 있어서 늦수확 사과의 경우가 빠르게 나타났다. 그러나 발효 말기 잔존 가용성 고형분 함량과 최종 알코올의 농도는 수확기와 무관하게 유사한 수준을 나타내었다. 늦수확 사과주의 경우 정상수확 사과주보다 다소 낮기는 하였으나 총 페놀성 화합물의 함량이 1.27 mg/mL, DPPH 라디칼 소거능이 89.5%로서 높게 나타났다. 또한 malic acid 함량과 hue 값, 명도 및 황색도 등이 다소 높았으나 아세트알데히드, 에틸아세테이트, 고급알코올의 함량 등은 매우 유사한 수준으로 나타났다. 관능평가 결과 늦수확 사과주는 향에 있어서는 유사한 값을, 색에 있어서는 낮은 점수를 받았으며 맛에 있어서 정상수확 사과주보다 높은 점수를 얻었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1358-1364
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 감귤 과피의 Viscozyme L 효소를 첨가하여 가수분해물을 제조하고, 이들의 플라보노이드 조성의 변화를 반응표면분석하여 모니터링하였다. 그 결과 효소처리에 따라 aglycone 형태의 플라노보이드인 hesperetin 및 naringenin 함량이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 가용성 고형분 함량과 aglycone 형태의 플라보노이드 함량이 높은 최적 효소처리 조건은 효소농도 1.5% 및 반응시간 18 hr으로 설정되었다. 일반진피의 경우는 가용성 고형분 함량 48.49%이고, 플라보노이드는 hesperidin 58.85 mg/g만 검출되어졌으나, 최적 효소처리 조건에서는 가용성 고형분 함량은 72.97%로 나타났으며, 플라보노이드 조성은 naringin 1.56 mg/g, hesperidin 31.31 mg/g, naringenin 2.58 mg/g 및 hesperetin 3.90 mg/g으로 각각 나타났다. 일반진피와 효소 처리한 감귤 과피의 전자공여능 및 ACE 저해활성을 측정한 결과 효소 처리한 감귤 과피가 활성이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.536-540
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 멜론과실의 품질유지 및 저장성 향상을 위하여 1-MCP의 실용화 방법을 모색하고자 수행되었다. 모든 시료에서 저장기간이 지날수록 감모율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 동일한 저장일에는 무처리구가 1-MCP 처리구보다 항상 높게 나타났다. 경도변화에서 무처리구는 저장 1일 이후부터 급속히 감소된 반면 1-MCP 처리구는 7일 이후에 감소되었으며 무처리구에 비해 감소폭도 적었다. 가용성고형물 함량은 무처리구의 경우 저장 4일에 15.1%로 가장 높은 값을 보인 후 저장기간이 경과될수록 감소되는 경향을 보였으나 1-MCP 처리구는 저장 16일까지 14% 내외로 일정하게 유지되는 경향을 나타내었다. 산도는 무처리구의 경우 저장 10일 이후부터 감소되어 저장 25일에는 0.2%로 현저하게 낮은 값을 보였으나 1-MCP 처리구는 22일 이후부터 감소하여 산도가 일정하게 유지되는 경향을 나타내었다. 관능검사 결과 무처리구는 저장 13일 이후부터 멜론의 맛과 풍미가 유의적으로 감소되었지만 1-MCP 처리구는 25일까지 맛과 풍미가 유지되었다(p<0.05). 전체 기호도는 5점을 marketable의 한계점으로 두었을 때 1-MCP 처리구가 무처리구보다 지수도 높았고 선도도 오래 유지되었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.88-91
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• 2001

단감의 이용성 중대를 위하여 단감을 첨가한 조청을 제조하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. $55^{\circ}C$에서 행한 당화공정에서 1시간 간격으로 엿기름의 amylase의 역가를 측정한 결과 당화 3시간째에 효소의 역가가 10,466 Unit로 가장 높은 활성을 보였고 당화과정이 끝나는 배양 4시간에서의 amylase의 활성은 7,000 Unit이었다. 반면, 당화 초기에서는 낮은 효소활성을 보였는데, 이것은 초기의 당화액의 온도가 낮은 것에 기인한 것으로 보여진다. 단감 첨가에 따른 조청의 품질 특성을 조사하기 위해서 단감 첨가 비율별(멥쌀 : 단감; 10 : 0, 7 : 3, 5 : 5, 3 : 7)로 시료를 제조하여 가용성 고형분함량, 환원당량(maltose함량), HPLC를 이용한 유리당 함량을 측정하였고, 관능검사를 실시하였다. 가용성 고형분 함량은 단감 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였고, 단감 무첨가 조청에서 $58^{\circ}Brix$로 가장 높을 값을 보였고, 환원당량값과 유리당의 함량에 있어서도 단감 첨가량이 증가할수록 그 간이 감소하였지만 감소량이 크지는 않았다. 관능검사에 있어서는 단감 첨가량이 가장 맡은 시료구(멥쌀 : 단감; 3 : 7)에서 전체 항목에서 좋은 점수를 획득하였다.