• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 1990

The effect of alachlor treatment on peroxidase synthesis in oat root tips was studied. Alachlor caused increase in the amount of soluble peroxidase in oat root tips, peroxidase activity increase as the rate of alachlor application increased, Alachlor treatment of oats with $1{\times}10^{-6}M$, peroxidase activity increased 0.20 unit higher than that of nontreatment. After 12hr, 65mM of peroxide treatment of oats inhibited 16% root growth, and 130 mM peroxide treatment caused 59% inhibition. With PAGE of peroxidase extracted from normal root tips, PAGE give 4 species($P_2$, $P_3$, $P_4$, and $P_5$ band) of peroxidase. Alachlor significantly activated isoperoxidase. Three isoperoxidase($P_1$, $P_6$, and $P_7$) are synthesized at a increased concentration of alachlor, SDS-PAGE analysis of proteins extracted from oat root tips showed that they were made up of subunits blow 100 kD polypeptide.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.310-316
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate quality characteristics of Aster scaber to increase the value of functional food resources. To examine quality characteristics of Aster scaber, various factors such as color, texture, fiber, minerals, tannin, crude proteins, crude lipids and sensory quality were determined using physiochemical methods. The contents of dietary fiber were 0.68 g in each 100 g of Aster scaber (freeze drying base). In mineral contents, iron was the highest value in Aster scaber (freeze drying base). The contents of tannin were 35.6 ppm of Aster scaber (fresh base). Aster scaber was shown significant difference in tannin from freeze drying leaf. From the results of sensory evaluation, the age of 30's and 40's showed a better acceptability in blanching. Functional healthy drinks were made from extracts of Aster scaber for relieving thirst and promoting health. The recipe of drinks were decided to establish manufacture condition through the sensory evaluation, color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability. The shelf-life was established in 18 months through quality was analyzed such as soluble solids, optical density 480, pH, acidity and microorganisms.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 1992

Several strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were isolated from soil in the Taegu area and characterized to develop some useful vector systems for higher plant genetic engineering. The selected colonies had a unique form, and strains from the colonies were capable of tumor formation on the sunflower leaf surface. They had a large plasmid. The restriction analysis showed that they were another kinds of Ti plasmic compared with C58 and Ach5. The isolated strains were identified as the nopaline type and also as biovar 1 A. tumefaciens, according to their tumor morphology, blophyslcal and biochemical characteristics. One of the isolated strains, AK204 was transformed with binary vector (pGA642), having selectable marker (Kmr, Tcr). Furthermore, maize tissue cells were transformed by cocultivation with AK204/pGA642, and the transformants were selected on the selective medium and identified using PAGE patterns of their soluble proteins.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.83-99
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• 2000

A defective HIV-1 helper virus DNA, pHyPC, was assembled by deleting the RNA packaging signal, env, nef and the 3'LTR sequences. HIV-1 like virus particles that carry the HIV-1 receptor, CD4 were generated by co expression of pHyPC and plasmid DNAs encoding different chimeric CD4 proteins. The CD4 particles, sharing the CD4 ectodomain, precisely fused to different membrane anchors. CD4(+) particles specifically bound to HIV-1 Env expressing cells, but any signs of infection into these cells were not detected. Binding was only partially blocked by either polyclonal anti-CD4 antibodies or by high concentrations of soluble CD4. Surprisingly, CD4(+) particles also adsorbed to HeLa, CHO, NIH3T3 and COS-7 cells in the absence of HIV-1 Env expression. Adsorption was comparable in strength and speed to the highly specific CD4-Env interaction. CD4(-) particles exhibited only background levels of binding. Cell binding was CD4. dependent, but it was independent of the cell type from which the CD4(+) particles originated. Interestingly, CD4-dependent/Env-independent binding was only found when CD4 was present on virus particles. This suggests that the micro-environment of CD4 on virus particles uniquely expose this new cell binding activity. Its high affinity could explain in part why infection of Env(+) cells by CD4(+) particles was not detected. Further experiments will be required to evaluate whether this strong membrane interaction could represent one step in the multiple-step viral entry process.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.428-435
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• 2006

Specific interaction of the epsin N-terminal homology(ENTH) domain with the plasma membrane appears to bridge other related proteins to the specific regions of the membrane that are invaginated to form endocytic vesicles. An additional $\alpha$-helix, referred to as helix 0 (H0), is formed in the presence of the soluble ligand inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate [$Ins(1,4,5)P_3$] at the N terminus of the ENTH domain (amino acid residues 3-15). The ENTH domain alone and full-length epsin cause tubulation of liposomes made of brain lipids. Thus, it is believed that H0 is membrane-inserted when it is coordinated with the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [$PtdIns(4,5)P_2$], resulting in membrane deformation as well as recruitment of accessory factors to the membrane. However, formation of H0 in a real biological membrane has not been demonstrated. In the present study, the membrane structure of H0 was determined by measurement of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) nitroxide accessibility. H0 was located at the phosphate head-group region of the membrane. Moreover, EPR line-shape analysis indicated that no pre-formed H0-like structure were present on normal acidic membranes. $PtdIns(4,5)P_2$ was necessary and sufficient for interaction of the H0 region with the membrane. H0 was stable only in the membrane. In conclusion, the H0 region of the ENTH domain has an intrinsic ability to form H0 in a $PtdIns(4,5)P_2$-containing membrane, perhaps functioning as a sensor of membrane patches enriched with $PtdIns(4,5)P_2$ that will initiate curvature to form endocytic vesicles.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.304-308
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• 2006

To extract insoluble proteins from silkworm pupa meal, the meal was treated with pretense produced by Bacillus sp. JH-209. The extraction of insoluble silkworm pupa protein was enhanced at alkaline pHs ranged from 7 to 11 by treatment with the protease. The optimum extraction temperature was $40^{\circ}C$ for in soluble protein treated with pretense. The optimum protease treatment time for extraction of protein was 11 hrs and optimum amount of enzyme treated for extraction of protein was 60 Unit, respectively. The treatment of enzyme extracted more protein than ordinary extraction method without pretense. The foaming capacity, foaming stability, emulsion capacity, and emulsion stability of silkworm pupa meal protein extracted by the treatment of the enzymes increased at all pH ranges. Further more oil absorption as well as water absorption capacities of the protein extracted by the treatment of the enzymes were also increased.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 1995

In order to formulate an aqueous topical preparation of epidermal growth factor(EGF) for the treatment of open wound and bum, the stability of EGF in aqueous vehicles containing various stabilizers was evaluated and the pharmacological activity of gel preparations formulated with poloxamer 407 was determined with wound model. Various additives, which are known as potent stabilizers for proteins and polypeptides so far, were used to increase the stability of EGF in aqueous vehicles. The contents of EGF in the vehicles containing stabilizers were determined with an HPLC method after the storage at $37^{\circ}C$. EGF was more stable in ultrapure water than RO water or saline. All the additives studied resulted in deleterious effects on EGF stability. Therefore, it was speculated that any additives or impurities in the vehicle made EGF unstable. However, nitrogen purge of solution increased the stability of EGF in aqueous vehicles. The aqueous topical preparations of EGF were formulated with poloxamer 407 as a gel base in saline. Gelatin or amastatin was employed as a protease inhibitor. The pharmacological effect of EGF gel was studied with open wound model in mice. EGF preparations, made of oleaginous base or poloxamer gel base, showed significant healing effect compared to the control group(p<0.05). The addition of protease inhibitor in poloxamer 407 gel resulted in significant healing effect compared to the gel without it(p<0.05). Body weights of mice treated with EGF preparation were increased at the first day after the formation of open wound, while those of the control group were decreased. The EGF gel made of poloxamer 407 containing a pretense inhibitor would be a promising aqueous topical preparation for EGF.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.272-278
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• 2001

To investigate of C and N metabolisms in response to phosphorus-deficient stress during regrowth of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), C and N metabolites were analyzed at 0, 6, 12 and 24 days after defoliation. P-sufficient (control, +P) and P-absent (-P) nutrient solutions were applied from 7 days before defoliation, and continued for one cycle of 24 day-regrowth period. During 24 days of regrowth, dry matter of regrowing shoots and remaining tissues were not significantly different between +P and -P treatment. In remaining stubble, 70% to 91 % decline of the initial level (at day 0) in all C compounds occurred during the first 6 days of regrowth. Initial amounts of nitrate and amino acids in roots were significantly higher in the +P medium. Nitrate contents in stubble in the +P medium significantly decreased for the first 12 days and then rapidly recovered, while that of the -P medium continuously decreased until day 24. Amino acids in stubble in the P medium were continuously increased during the whole regrowth period. Soluble proteins in stubble in the +P medium also largely fell down (46.0% of the initial) for only the first 6 days, however the decline in the -P medium continued until day 12. In regrowing shoots, the accumulation of C compounds was significantly higher, while that of N compounds except amino acids was largely lower in the -P medium. These results showed a stimulation of carbohydrate synthesis and a compensatory utilization of organic reserves occurred to support regrowth under P-deficient condition.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.232-240
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• 2011

The effects of adding fish surimi to Appenzeller cheese on quality characteristics during ripening were investigated. Cheese samples were prepared with 1.0% surimi. Changes in chemical composition, lactic acid bacterial population, pH, non-casein nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, water-soluble nitrogen, a consumer sensory evaluation test, chromaticity, texture, and proteolysis were monitored during ripening. The electrophoretic patterns of cheese proteins and the functional components originating from the surimi were investigated. Adding surimi did not affect the appearance or consumer sensory characteristics of the cheeses. Significantly higher amounts of crude fat and moisture were observed in the cheese supplemented with surimi than in cheese without added surimi.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

Defatted bovine liver (DBL) is a potential source of protein and minerals. Supercritical carbon dioxide ($SC-CO_2$) and a traditional organic solvent method were used to remove lipid from bovine liver, and the quality characteristics of a control bovine liver (CBL), bovine liver defatted by $SC-CO_2$ ($DBLSC-CO_2$) at different pressures, and bovine liver defatted by organic solvent (DBL-OS) were compared. The $DBLSC-CO_2$ samples had significantly higher (p<0.05) protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, and fiber contents than CBL and DBL-OS. There was a higher yield of lipid from CBL when using $SC-CO_2$ than the organic solvent method. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that the CBL and $DBLSC-CO_2$ had protein bands of a similar intensity and area, whereas DBL-OS appeared extremely poor bands or no bands due to the degradation of proteins, particularly in the 50 to 75 kDa and 20 to 25 kDa molecular weight ranges. In addition, $DBLSC-CO_2$ was shown to have superior functional properties in terms of total soluble content, water and oil absorption, and foaming and emulsification properties. Therefore, $SC-CO_2$ treatment offers a nutritionally and environmentally friendly approach for the removal of lipid from high protein food sources. In addition, $SC-CO_2$ may be a better substitute of traditional organic solvent extraction for producing more stable and high quality foods with high-protein, fat-free, and low calorie contents.